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Préfecture de police | |
---|---|
Agency overview | |
Formed | 1667 Dissolved in 1789, refounded in 1800 |
Jurisdictional structure | |
Operations jurisdiction | Paris & Petite Couronne in the Île-de-France region, France |
Map of Préfecture de police's jurisdiction | |
Size | 762 km² |
Population | 6,673,591 (Jan. 1, 2010) |
Operational structure | |
Headquarters | Paris |
Sworn members | 34,000 |
Agency executive |
|
Districts | 15 |
Facilities | |
Stations | 87 |
Website | |
Préfecture de Police |
The Paris Police Prefecture (French : préfecture de police de Paris [pʁefɛktyʁdəpɔlisdəpaʁi] ), officially the Police Prefecture (French : préfecture de police), is the unit of the French Ministry of the Interior that provides police, emergency services, and various administrative services to the population of the city of Paris and the surrounding three suburban départements of Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, and Val-de-Marne. It is headed by the Paris Prefect of Police (le Préfet de police de Paris), officially called the Prefect of Police (le Préfet de police).
The Paris Police Prefecture supervises the Paris Police force, the Paris Fire Brigade, and various administrative departments in charge of issuing ID cards and driver licenses or monitoring alien residents. The Prefecture of Police also has security duties in the wider Île-de-France région as the Préfet de Police is also Préfet de Zone de Défense (Prefect for the Defense zone). [1] Since 2017, it has acquired direct responsibility for the three main airports of the Paris area (Charles de Gaulle, Orly and Le Bourget).
In addition to the Préfecture de Police, the French government created the Paris Municipal Police (French : Police municipale de Paris ) in 2021. In contrast with the Préfecture, the municipal police report to the city government, rather than to the national government. Municipal police officers began patrolling city streets on foot, bicycle, and by car starting on October 18, 2021. The goal of the municipal police is to "make neighbourhoods safer and more peaceful and ensure that public space is shared," for example by enforcing laws on parking, littering, breaking up quarrels, and assisting homeless or elderly residents. [2]
The préfecture [3] is a large building located in the Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité. This building was built as a barracks for the Garde républicaine from 1863 to 1867 (architect Pierre-Victor Calliat) and was occupied by the Prefecture in 1871.
As it is the capital of France, with government assemblies and offices and foreign embassies, Paris poses special issues of security and public order. Consequently, the national government has been responsible for providing law enforcement and emergency services since the creation of the Lieutenancy General of Police (lieutenance générale de police) by Louis XIV on March 15, 1667. Disbanded at the start of the French Revolution in 1789, it was replaced by the current Prefecture of Police created by Napoléon I on February 17, 1800. This means that, up until 2021, Paris did not have its own police municipale and that the Police Nationale provided all of these services directly as a subdivision of France's Ministry of the Interior.
Policemen assigned to "la PP" are part of the Police nationale but the Police Prefect reports directly to the Interior Minister, not to the director of the Police nationale (Directeur général de la Police nationale or DGPN). In Parisian slang, the police were sometimes known as "the archers", a very old slang term in reference to the archers of the long-defunct Royal Watch.
Paris also has the "Direction de la Prévention, de la Sécurité et de la Protection" (DPSP) (Prevention, Security and Protection Directorate) which is composed of Agents with municipal police powers [4] titled inspecteurs de sécurité (Security Inspectors). [5] The DPSP reports to the Mayor of Paris.
The jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police was initially the Seine département . Its jurisdiction also included the communes (municipalities) of Saint-Cloud, Sèvres, Meudon, and Enghien-les-Bains, which were located in the Seine-et-Oise département . These four communes were added in the 19th century to the jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police in order to ensure special protection of the imperial/royal residences located there.
The Seine département was disbanded in 1968 and the jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police is now the city of Paris (which is both a commune and a département) and the three surrounding départements of Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne. This territory made up of four départements is larger than the pre-1968 Seine département.
The Prefecture of Police also has limited jurisdiction over the whole Île-de-France région for the coordination of law enforcement, including combatting cybercrime. The Prefect of Police, acting as Prefect of the Defense Zone of Paris (Préfet de la Zone de Défense de Paris), is in charge of planning non-military defense measures to keep public order, guarantee the security of public services, and organize rescue operations (in case of natural disaster) for the whole Île-de-France région (which is made up of eight départements, the four inner ones being the regular jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police, and the four outer ones being outside of its regular jurisdiction). As such, he coordinates the work of the departmental préfets of Île-de-France.
Headed by a prefect titled The "Prefect of Police", who (as are all prefects) is named by the President in the Council of Ministers, and operates under the Minister of the Interior, commands the Prefecture which is responsible for the following:
The Prefect of Police can issue arrêtés (local writs) defining rules pertaining to his field of competency. For instance, the rules of operation and security of Paris public parks are issued as joint arrêtés from the Mayor of Paris and the Prefect of Police.
Until 1977, Paris had indeed no elected mayor and the police was essentially in the hands of the préfet de police. However, the powers of the mayor of Paris were increased at the expense of those of the Préfet de Police in 2002, notably for traffic and parking decisions (the préfet retains the responsibility on main thoroughfares such as the Avenue des Champs-Élysées, and on any street during the organization of demonstrations).
There is also a prefect of Paris, prefect for the Île-de-France region, whose services handle some tasks not devoted to the Police Prefect, such as certain classes of building permits.
The PP is headed by a politically appointed prefect who is assisted by the prevote, who is the senior police officer of the force. The Prefecture of Police is divided into three sub-prefectures headed by prefects due to their importance.
Because the Police Prefecture provides some services that are normally provided by city governments, its funding partially comes from the City of Paris and other city governments within its jurisdiction.
In addition to forces from the National Police, the Police Prefecture has traffic wardens or crossing guards who enforce parking rules; it has recently added some wardens that direct traffic at crossroads and other similar duties, known as circulation, with specific uniforms.
Consists of the Cabinet (staff) itself, the Gendarmerie Nationale Liaison Office, and 6 Local Directorates:
and other agencies:
with four Administrative Directorates:
with two agencies:
Before the French Revolution, the head of the Paris Police was the lieutenant général de police, whose office was created in March 1667 when the first modern police force in the world was set up by the government of King Louis XIV to police the city of Paris. The office vanished at the start of the French Revolution and police was vested in the hands of the Paris Commune. Reorganized by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1800, the Paris Police has been headed by the préfet de police since that time.
Source: Centre historique des Archives nationales, Série Y, Châtelet de Paris, on page 38 of the PDF.
Sources: La Grande Encyclopédie , volume 27, page 95, published in 1900. See scan of the full text at Gallica: . / List of Prefects of Paris on rulers.org: . / Archives of Le Monde : .
In the administrative divisions of France, the department is one of the three levels of government under the national level, between the administrative regions and the communes. There are ninety-six departments in metropolitan France, with an additional five overseas departments, which are also classified as overseas regions. Departments are further subdivided into 333 arrondissements and 2,054 cantons. These last two levels of government have no political autonomy, instead serving as the administrative basis for the local organisation of police, fire departments as well as, in certain cases, elections.
In France, a prefecture may be:
Seine-et-Marne is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres ; it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197. Its prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles have larger populations.
Prefect is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area.
A prefect in France is the State's representative in a department or region. Regional prefects are ex officio the departmental prefects of the regional prefecture. Prefects are tasked with upholding the law in the department they serve in, including controlling the actions of local authorities. Prefects are appointed by decree by the President of France when presiding over the government's Council of Ministers, following a proposal by the Prime Minister and the Minister of the Interior. They serve at the government's discretion and can be replaced at any meeting of the Council of Ministers.
The National Police, formerly known as the Sûreté nationale, is one of two national police forces of France, the other being the National Gendarmerie. The National Police is the country's main civil law enforcement agency, with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. By contrast, the National Gendarmerie has primary jurisdiction in smaller towns, as well as in rural and border areas. The National Police comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and has about 145,200 employees. Young French citizens can fulfill their mandatory service in the police force.
Bernard Bonnet, French civil servant, is best known for being the first prefect since World War II to be convicted of an offense committed in the course of his duties, his role in the "Affair of the beach huts".
The Council of Paris is the deliberative body responsible for governing Paris, the capital of France. It possesses both the powers of a municipal council and those of a departmental council for the département de Paris, as defined by the so-called PLM Law of 1982 that redefined the governance of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Paris is the only territorial collectivity in France to be both a commune and a département.
The Place Louis-Lépine is a square in the 4th arrondissement of Paris on the île de la Cité. It is bounded by the Rue de la Cité (east), the Rue de Lutèce (south), the Rue Aubé (west), the Quai de la Corse (north), and is crossed by the Allée Célestin-Hennion. It is named after Louis Lépine, a notable prefect of the Paris police. The Metro station Cité has its only entrance on the square. It is the venue for the Marché aux fleurs Reine-Elizabeth-II, a flower and bird market.
Célestin Hennion CVO was a French police officer who rose to head the Prefecture of Police. He was responsible for the reorganisation of the Préfecture and the introduction of The Tiger Brigades, ancestor of the French judicial police. In France, he is considered to be one of the pioneers of modern policing.
Louis Jean-Baptiste Lépine was a French lawyer, politician and administrator who was Governor General of Algeria and twice Préfet de Police with the Paris Police Prefecture from 1893 to 1897 and again from 1899 to 1913. On each occasion he assumed office during a period of instability in the governance of the French state seen by his supporters as a man who could bring order. He earned the nickname of "The Little Man with the Big Stick" for his methodology in handling large Parisian crowds. During his periods as Préfet de police he instigated a series of reforms that modernised the French Police Force. An efficient and clear-sighted administrator he introduced scientific analysis into policing with reforms in forensic science and the training of detectives. Lépine was also responsible for convening and re-invigorating the Exposition Universelle whereby an annual competition known as the Concours Lépine was introduced for inventors and innovators to have their work presented and acclaimed. An annual competition that has now had 120-plus editions.
Henri-Auguste Lozé was a French politician who was Prefect of Police for Paris from 1888 to 1893, a Fédération républicaine member of the National Assembly of the third republic, from 1902 to 1906 and a member of the Senate (Sénat) from 1906 to 1915.
The Bouches-du-Rhône Police Prefecture, headed by the Bouches-du-Rhône Police Prefect, is a Prefecture of Police part of the National Police, which is a police force in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône. It was created on 16 October 2012.
Pierre-Henry Maccioni is a French civil servant.
As the capital of France, Paris is the seat of France's national government. For the executive, the two chief officers each have their own official residences, which also serve as their offices. The President of France resides at the Élysée Palace in the 8th arrondissement. The Prime Minister's seat is at the Hôtel Matignon in the 7th arrondissement. Government ministries are located in various parts of Paris. Many are located in the 7th arrondissement, near Matignon.
Gabriel Marie Jean Benoit de Lantivy de Kerveno was a French soldier, administrator and diplomat.
Patrick Strzoda is a French high-ranking civil servant, a former prefect, and current French President Emmanuel Macron's chief of staff at the Élysée Palace. As President of France, Macron also serves ex officio as one of the two co-princes of Andorra. Strzoda serves as his representative in this capacity.
Symphorien Casimir Joseph Edouard Boitelle was a French soldier, administrator, chief of the Paris police, deputy and senator.
Louis Tirman was a French lawyer and civil servant who was prefect of several departments, Governor General of French Algeria from 1881 to 1891 and then Senator of Ardennes from 1892 until his death in 1899. He believed in consolidating the French presence in Algeria through support of the colons, and the grant of French nationality to the Algerian-born children of Spanish and Italian settlers.
Paris Police 1900 is a French crime drama television series created by Fabien Nury that was first broadcast on 8 February 2021 on Canal+ in France and was shown on BBC Four in October 2021. A follow-up series of six episodes, featuring the same characters and called Paris Police 1905, was released in 2022.
48°51′16″N2°20′48″E / 48.854386°N 2.346800°E