Peristedion

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Peristedion
Slender searobin ( Peristedion gracile ).jpg
Peristedion gracile
Armored searobin ( Peristedion miniatum ).jpg
Peristedion miniatum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Peristediidae
Genus: Peristedion
Lacépède, 1801
Type species
Peristedion malarmat
Lacépède, 1801 [1]
Synonyms [1]

Peristedion is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored sea robins. These fishes are found in Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific ocean waters.

Contents

Taxonomy

Peristedion was first described as a genus in 1801 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède when he described Peristedion marmalat from the Mediterranean Sea and the Moluccas. In 1826 Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent designated P. marmalat as the type species of the genus. [1] [2] P. marmalat is now treated as a junior synonym of Carl Linnaeus's Trigla cataphracta, which he described from the Mediterranean Sea off southern France. [2] Within the family Peristediidae there are 2 clades. One, which contains Peristedion, is a monotypic clade, while the other clade is made up of the remaining 5 genera of the Peristediidae. [3] The name of the genus Peristedion is a combination of peri, meaning "around", and stedion, which is a diminutive of stethos, which is Greek for "breast" or "chest", an allusion to the bony plates lining the underside of the body, similar to a plastron, the feature Lacépède use to distinguish Peristidion from Trigla . [4]

Species

Peristedion currently contains 24 recognized species: [5]

Characteristics

Peristedion armoured gurnards have a ventrally flattened head and body which is protected by a bony armour of plates and spines. There is a two-pointed rostral projection on the snout and there are barbels under the lower jaw. They do not have robust spines on the preoperculum. The first dorsal fin has 7 or 8 spines and the second dorsal fin has between 18 and 20 soft rays while the anal fin has between 20 and 23 soft rays. There are between 11 and 13 fin rays enclosed within the membrane of the pectoral fin plus the two lowermost rays being separate. The pelvic fins are widely spaced, located under the base of the pectoral fins, and have 1 spine and 5 soft rays. [8] The smallest species in the genus is P. paucibarbiger , which has a maximum published standard length of 7 cm (2.8 in). The largest are the African armoured sea robin ( P. cataphractum ) and the armoured gurnard ( P. liorhynchus ) both of which have maximum published standard lengths of 540 cm (210 in). [5]

Diistribution

Peristedion armoured gurnards occur on either sides of the Atlantic Ocean, in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Indo-West-Pacific and eastern Pacific Ocean. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triglidae</span> Family of fishes

Triglidae, commonly known as gurnards or sea robins, are a family of bottom-feeding scorpaeniform ray-finned fish. The gurnards are distributed in temperate and tropical seas worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peristediidae</span> Family of fishes

Peristediidae, the armored sea robins or armoured gurnards, is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the suborder Platycephaloidei in the order Scorpaeniformes. They are found in the deep water in the tropical and warm temperate of the world's oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spiny red gurnard</span> Species of fish

The spiny red gurnard is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. This species is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean where they occur at depths of from 25 to 615 metres. This species grows to a length of 40 centimetres (16 in) TL. This species is of commercial importance as a food fish.

<i>Bellator</i> (fish) Genus of fishes

Bellator is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triglidae, one of two genera belonging to the subfamily Prionotinae, the sea robins. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean, in the waters off both North and South America.

<i>Lepidotrigla</i> Genus of fishes

Lepidotrigla is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. These gurnards are found in the Eastern Atlantic, Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Prionotus</i> Genus of fishes

Prionotus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triglidae, one of two genera belonging to the subfamily Prionotinae, the searobins. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean, in the waters off both North and South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piper gurnard</span> Species of fish

The piper gurnard, also known as the piper or the lyre gurnard, is a species of marine, demersal ray-finned fish from the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Trigla.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaggedhead gurnard</span> Species of fish

The jaggedhead gurnard is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored searobins. This species is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. It is the only known member of its genus.

Heminodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored sea robins. It is currently considered to be a monotypic genus, its only species being Heminodus philippinus.

Paraheminodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored searobins. These fishes are found in the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Satyrichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Satyrichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored searobins. These fishes are found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Scalicus</i> Genus of fishes

Scalicus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored searobins. These fishes are found in the Indo-Pacific region.

Prionotus evolans, the striped searobin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triglidae, the sea robins. This fish is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Peristedion greyae</i> Species of fish

Peristedion greyae, the alligator searobin, alligator armored searobin or prickly armoured sea robin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored sea robins. It is found in the western central Atlantic.

Scalicus hians is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored sea robins. This species is found in western Pacific Ocean.

Pterygotrigla multiocellata, the antrorse spined gurnard, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region where it has been recorded from Japan, Saipan, and the eastern and western tropical waters off Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triglinae</span>

Triglinae is a subfamily of demersal, marine ray-finned fishes, part of the family Triglidae, the gurnards and searobins. These gurnards are found in all the tropical and temperate oceans of the world except for the Western Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blackspotted gurnard</span> Species of fish

The blackspotted gurnard, also known as the half-spotted gurnard, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large-scaled gurnard</span> Species of fish

The large-scaled gurnard is a species of marine, demersal ray-finned fish from the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

<i>Peristedion cataphractum</i> Species of marine ray-finned fish

Peristedion cataphractum, the African armoured gurnard, the mailed gurnard or armed gurnard, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored sea robins. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Peristediinae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  2. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Peristedion". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  3. ↑ Toshio Kawai (2008). "Phylogenetic Systematics of the Family Peristediidae (Teleostei: Actinopterygii)". Species Diversity. 13 (1): 1–34. doi: 10.12782/specdiv.13.1 .
  4. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (26 June 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  5. 1 2 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Peristedion in FishBase . February 2022 version.
  6. 1 2 3 Ono, M. & Kawai, T. (2014): Review of Armored Searobins of the Genus Peristedion(Teleostei: Peristediidae) in Japanese Waters. Species Diversity, 19 (2): 117–131.
  7. ↑ Kawai, T. (2016): Peristedion richardsi sp. nov. (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae) from Indonesian waters, with synonymy between Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock, 1894 and Peristedion nierstraszi Weber, 1913. Zootaxa, 4171 (2): 335–346.
  8. 1 2 "Genus: Peristedion, Amoured Sea-Robins, Armoured-Gurnards". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
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