Phaeotremella frondosa | |
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Phaeotremella frondosa and its host, Stereum hirsutum | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Tremellomycetes |
Order: | Tremellales |
Family: | Phaeotremellaceae |
Genus: | Phaeotremella |
Species: | P. frondosa |
Binomial name | |
Phaeotremella frondosa (Fr.) Spirin & V. Malysheva (2017) | |
Synonyms | |
Smooth hymenium | |
No distinct cap | |
Hymenium attachment is not applicable | |
Lacks a stipe | |
Ecology is parasitic | |
Edibility is edible |
Phaeotremella frondosa (synonym Tremella frondosa) is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae producing brownish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies). It is widespread in north temperate regions, and is parasitic on other species of fungi ( Stereum spp.) that grow on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees.
Tremella frondosa was first published in 1822 by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. The species was not clearly distinguished from Tremella foliacea until molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, showed that the name Tremella foliacea covered several similar but distinct species. [1] Phaeotremella frondosa is the name adopted for the widespread species growing on broadleaf trees, whilst Phaeotremella foliacea is restricted to conifers. [1]
Phaeotremella pseudofoliacea, first described from England and the type species of the genus Phaeotremella , is considered a synonym of Phaeotremella frondosa. [2] [1] Tremella vasifera, described from Germany, is also considered a synonym. [1]
The epithet "frondosa" means "leafy", with reference to the shape of the fruit bodies.
Fruit bodies are gelatinous, pale to dark brown, up to 7 cm (3 in) across, and seaweed-like (with branched, undulating fronds). Microscopically, the hyphae are clamped and occur in a dense gelatinous matrix. Haustorial cells arise on the hyphae, producing filaments that attach to and penetrate the hyphae of the host. The basidia are tremelloid (globose to ellipsoid, with oblique to vertical septa), 13 to 18 by 12 to 16 μm, usually unstalked. The basidiospores are subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, smooth, 6.5 to 10.5 by 5 to 9 μm, and germinate by hyphal tube or by yeast cells. [2] [3]
Phaeotremella foliacea parasitizes Stereum sanguinolentum on conifers. Phaeotremella fimbriata is a European species parasitizing Stereum rugosum on broadleaf trees. Its fruitbodies are comparatively small and dark brown to black. Phaeotremella eugeniae is its temperate Asian counterpart. [1]
Phaeotremella frondosa is a parasite of Stereum species, including S. hirsutum and S. rugosum , growing on the host's hyphae in the wood rather than on the host's fruit bodies. Following its hosts, fruit bodies of P. frondosa are typically found on dead, attached or recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees. [1]
The species is known from North America, Europe, and northern Asia. [1]
Tremella fuciformis is a species of fungus; it produces white, frond-like, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can be found on the dead branches of broadleaf trees. This fungus is commercially cultivated and is one of the most popular fungi in the cuisine and medicine of China. T. fuciformis is commonly known as snow fungus, snow ear, silver ear fungus, white jelly mushroom, and white cloud ears.
Exidia nigricans is a jelly fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. It is a common, wood-rotting species throughout the northern hemisphere, typically growing on dead attached branches of broadleaf trees. It has been much confused with Exidia glandulosa.
Myxarium nucleatum is a species of fungus in the family Hyaloriaceae. In the UK, it has been given the recommended English name of crystal brain. Basidiocarps are watery white, pustular or lobed, and gelatinous with small, white, mineral inclusions visible to the naked eye. It is a common, wood-rotting species in Europe, typically growing on dead attached or fallen branches of broadleaf trees. It is currently not clear whether collections from North America and elsewhere represent the same species.
Phaeotremella is a genus of fungi in the family Phaeotremellaceae. All Phaeotremella species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Fifteen or so species of Phaeotremella are currently recognized worldwide. Tremella sanguinea, shown to be a Phaeotremella species by DNA sequencing, is cultivated in China as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.
Phaeotremella foliacea is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces brownish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the mycelium of Stereum sanguinolentum, a fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of conifers. It is widespread in north temperate regions. In the UK it has the recommended English name leafy brain and has also been called jelly leaf and brown witch's butter. Prior to 2017, the name Tremella foliacea was also applied to similar-looking species on broadleaf trees, now distinguished as Phaeotremella frondosa and Phaeotremella fimbriata.
Naematelia is a genus of fungi in the family Naemateliaceae. All Naematelia species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. When produced, Basidiocarps ,, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi."Four species of Naematelia are currently recognized worldwide. One species, Naematelia aurantialba, is commercially cultivated for food.
Naematelia aurantia is a species of fungus producing yellow, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread in north temperate regions and is parasitic on another species of fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees. It is commonly called golden ear in North America.
Naematelia encephala is a species of fungus producing pink, brain-like, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread in north temperate regions and is parasitic on another species of fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of conifers. In the UK, its recommended English name is conifer brain.
Phaeotremella fimbriata is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces blackish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the mycelium of Stereum rugosum, a fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broad-leaved trees. It is widespread in northern Europe. Prior to 2017, the species was generally considered a synonym of Tremella foliacea, but this latter species is restricted to conifers. Phaeotremella frondosa is a similar-looking but paler, brown species on broad-leaved trees and occurs in North America as well as Europe.
Tremella iduensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellow, cornute-frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi, probably species of Hypoxylon on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broad-leaved trees. It has been recorded from Japan and China. Tremella flava, described from Taiwan, may be a synonym.
Phaeotremella roseotincta is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces pinkish to pale pinkish brown, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Japan and has also been recorded from far eastern Russia.
Phaeotremella eugeniae is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces blackish brown, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of oak. It was originally described from far eastern Russia and named after Russian mycologist Eugenia Bulakh.
Phaeotremella mycophaga is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps on the hymenium of the corticioid fungi Aleurodiscus amorphus and A. grantii on conifers.
Tremella wrightii is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces light brown to orange-brown, lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Cuba.
Tremella vesiculosa is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces light brown, lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from New Zealand.
Tremella brasiliensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellow, lobed to firmly foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Brazil.
Tremella coffeicolor is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces brown, lobed to foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Bermuda, where it was collected as part of the Challenger expedition.
Tremella versicolor is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the basidiocarps of Peniophora species, a genus of corticioid fungi, on dead attached or recently fallen branches. It was originally described from England.
Tremella mesenterella is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellowish to reddish brown, foliose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on corticioid fungi on dead branches of broadleaf trees and shrubs. It was originally described from Canada.
Phaeotremella translucens is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on ascocarps of Lophodermium species on decaying pine needles. It was originally described from Scotland.