Phaseolus polystachios

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Phaseolus polystachios
Phaseolus polystachios - Thicket Bean.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Phaseolus
Species:
P. polystachios
Binomial name
Phaseolus polystachios
(L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Synonyms
  • Dolichos polystachiosL.
  • Phaseolus paniculatusMichx.
  • Phaseolus perennisWalter
  • Phaseolus polystachios var. aquiloniusFernald
Phaseolus polystachios Phaseolus polystachios 01.jpg
Phaseolus polystachios

Phaseolus polystachios, also known as the thicket bean or wild kidney bean, is a perennial, herbaceous vine that is native to North America. [2] [1] It is unique among the Phaseolus in that its native range extends across the eastern temperate United States to southeast Canada, while most Phaseolus are tropical or subtropical. [2] It is the namesake for the Polystachios group clade, which is the most species-rich within Phaseolus (17 species). [3] In spite of its common name, it is more closely related to the lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus ), and it holds potential as a crop wild relative due to its resistance to white mold ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ). [4]

Contents

Subordinate taxa

Subordinate taxa include Phaseolus polystachios var. polystachios,Phaseolus polystachios var. sinuatus, and Phaseolus polystachios var. smilacifolius. [2] [5] The Phaseolus polystachios var. polystachios variety is listed as a special concern species and believed extirpated in Connecticut. [6]

Ethnobotany and uses

Phaseolus polystachios has been found in a few Native American archaeological sites in Oklahoma and Arkansas, with some evidence of artificial selection for indehiscent (non-shattering) pods. [7] Its fruit and seeds can reportedly be eaten in much the same way as cultivated Phaseolus, although they are smaller. [7]

Life history

Phaseolus polystachios exhibits hypogeal germination and is photoperiod sensitive, requiring day lengths greater than 10 hours to vine and flower. [8] [9] It overwinters via a tuberous root system. [8] [9]

Ecology

Phaseolus polystachios inhabits well-drained soils and slopes, generally woodlands and thickets, and may form colonies. [9] Their pods are eaten extensively by weevils. [4] [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bean</span> Seed of one of several genera of the plant family Fabaceae

A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes throughout the world.

<i>Phaseolus</i> Genus of legumes

Phaseolus is a genus of herbaceous to woody annual and perennial vines in the family Fabaceae containing about 70 plant species, all native to the Americas, primarily Mesoamerica.

<i>Phaseolus acutifolius</i> Species of plant

Phaseolus acutifolius, also known as the tepary bean, is a legume native to the southwestern United States and Mexico and has been grown there by the native peoples since pre-Columbian times. It is more drought-resistant than the common bean and is grown in desert and semi-desert conditions from Arizona through Mexico to Costa Rica. The water requirements are low. The crop will grow in areas where annual rainfall is less than 400 mm (16 in).

<i>Phaseolus coccineus</i> Species of flowering plant

Phaseolus coccineus, known as runner bean, scarlet runner bean, or multiflora bean, is a plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. Another common name is butter bean, which, however, can also refer to the lima bean, a different species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lima bean</span> Species of plant

A lima bean, also commonly known as the butter bean, sieva bean, double bean or Madagascar bean is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans.

<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> Species of plant

Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean, is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or green, unripe pods. Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other Phaseolus species, is as a member of the legume family Fabaceae. Like most members of this family, common beans acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, which are nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

<i>Lablab</i> Species of plant

Lablab purpureus is a species of bean in the family Fabaceae. It is native to sub-Saharan Africa and India and it is cultivated throughout the tropics for food. English language common names include hyacinth bean, lablab-beanbonavist bean/pea, dolichos bean, seim or sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, bataw and Australian pea. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Lablab.

<i>Taxus brevifolia</i> Species of conifer

Taxus brevifolia, the Pacific yew or western yew, is a species of tree in the yew family Taxaceae native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. It is a small evergreen conifer, thriving in moisture and otherwise tending to take the form of a shrub.

<i>Vaccinium myrtilloides</i> Berry and plant

Vaccinium myrtilloides is a shrub with common names including common blueberry, velvetleaf huckleberry, velvetleaf blueberry, Canadian blueberry, and sourtop blueberry. It is common in much of North America, reported from all 10 Canadian provinces plus Nunavut and Northwest Territories, as well as from the northeastern and Great Lakes states in the United States. It is also known to occur in Montana and Washington.

<i>Prosopis glandulosa</i> Species of tree

Prosopis glandulosa, commonly known as honey mesquite, is a species of small to medium-sized, thorny shrub or tree in the legume family (Fabaceae).

<i>Monarda fistulosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Monarda fistulosa, the wild bergamot or bee balm, is a wildflower in the mint family Lamiaceae, widespread and abundant as a native plant in much of North America. This plant, with showy summer-blooming pink to lavender flowers, is often used as a honey plant, medicinal plant, and garden ornamental. The species is quite variable, and several subspecies or varieties have been recognized within it.

<i>Shepherdia argentea</i> Species of Shepherdia

Shepherdia argentea, commonly called silver buffaloberry, bull berry, or thorny buffaloberry, is a species of Shepherdia in the Oleaster family.

<i>Ipomoea pandurata</i> Species of flowering plant

Ipomoea pandurata, known as man of the earth, wild potato vine, manroot, wild sweet potato, and wild rhubarb, is a species of herbaceous perennial vine native to North America. It is a twining plant of woodland verges and rough places with heart-shaped leaves and funnel-shaped white flowers with a pinkish throat. The large tuberous roots can be roasted and eaten, or can be used to make a poultice or infusion. When uncooked, the roots have purgative properties.

<i>Viburnum nudum</i> Species of shrub

Viburnum nudum is a deciduous shrub in the genus Viburnum within the muskroot family, Adoxaceae.

<i>Strophostyles</i> Genus of legumes

Strophostyles is monophyletic three-species genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. Common names for the genus include wild bean and fuzzybean. It consists of annual and perennial herbaceous vines, ranging in their native distribution from Nevada, east to Florida, and north to the Great Lakes and eastern Canada. The etymology of the name is strophe (turning) + stylos (style), referring to the curve of the style within the keel petal.

<i>Prunus caroliniana</i> Species of tree

Prunus caroliniana, known as the Carolina laurelcherry, Carolina cherry laurel, Carolina cherry, or Cherry laurel, is a small evergreen flowering tree native to the lowlands of Southeastern United States, from North Carolina south to Florida and westward to central Texas. The species also has escaped into the wild in a few places in California.

<i>Gaultheria hispidula</i> Species of plant

Gaultheria hispidula, commonly known as the creeping snowberry or moxie-plum, and known to Micmaq tribes of Newfoundland as Manna Teaberry, is a perennial spreading ground-level vine of the heath family Ericaceae. It is native to North America and produces small white edible berries. It fruits from August to September. Its leaves and berries taste and smell like wintergreen.

<i>Strophostyles helvola</i> Species of legume

Strophostyles helvola, commonly called amberique-bean, annual sand bean, or trailing fuzzybean is a species of flowering plant in the legume family. It is native to eastern Canada and the eastern United States.

Phaseolus angustissimus is a perennial, herbaceous vine of the Fabaceae (legume) family, native to the American Southwest, as well as northern Sonora, Mexico. It is a close relative of the cultivated tepary bean, also native to the same region.

References

  1. 1 2 Contu, S. (2012). "Phaseolus polystachios". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T19892040A20127299. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19892040A20127299.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 "Plants Profile for Phaseolus polystachios (Thicket bean)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  3. Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Bibler, Ryan; Lavin, Matt (2006-10-01). "Phylogeny of the Genus Phaseolus (Leguminosae): A Recent Diversification in an Ancient Landscape". Systematic Botany. 31 (4): 779–791. doi:10.1600/036364406779695960. ISSN   0363-6445.
  4. 1 2 "The Quest for the Wild Kidney Bean - The Plant Press". nmnh.typepad.com. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  5. "Tropicos | Name - Phaseolus polystachios subsp. smilacifolius (Pollard) Freytag". www.tropicos.org. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  6. "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 2 January 2017. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  7. 1 2 "Phaseolus polystachios (L.) BSP. - Wild Bean | Paleoethnobotany Laboratory Guide". pages.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  8. 1 2 Allard, H.A. (1943). "The probable relationship of Phaseolus polystachios to other species". Rhodora. 45: 169–170.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Allard, H. A. (1947). "The ecology of the wild kidney bean Phaseolus polystachios (L.) BSP". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 37 (9): 306–309. JSTOR   24531921.