| Piriqueta | |
|---|---|
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| Flower of Piriqueta duarteana | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Passifloraceae |
| Subfamily: | Turneroideae |
| Genus: | Piriqueta Aubl. |
| Type species | |
| Piriqueta villosa Aublet | |
| Species | |
46 species, see text | |
 | |
| Distribution of Piriqueta as of 2023. Natural (red) and introduced (blue) | |
| Synonyms | |
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Piriqueta is a genus of flowering plants belonging to Turneroideae (Passifloraceae). [1]
Piriqueta is a genus of herbs or subshrub dicots.
Most members of Piriqueta are perennial or suffrutic herbs, there are some shrubs and some annual species. [2]
All members of Piriqueta have the same floral organization: short calyx tubes that are attached to petal claws, coronas, and filaments. [2] The peduncle and pedicels are free. Seeds are reticulate in all species, two thirds of the species have puberulent seeds, others have glabrous seeds. [2] They are generally hairy, though some only have hair in the floral regions.
Over half of Piriqueta species have setiform glandular hairs and tuberculate fruits, some with axillary inflorescences.
Various members of Piriqueta, see list below, have a unique reproductive system called distyly, in which, two floral morphs are present which differ in their placement of anthers and style length. [3] [4] More rarely, some species show tristyly in which three floral morphs are present. [5]
30% of Piriqueta are polyploids. [2] The basic chromosome number is x=7. [2]
Piriqueta was originally described in 1775 by J. F. B. Fusée Aublet in Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Françoise, 1877. [6] In this book, he describes Piriqueta villosa . Aublet describes P. villosa as being deciduous, with ovate hairy leaflets, having five "scaly" petals with cup alternation, five filaments, ovate and bilocular anthers, five six-branched pistils with flat fleshy wide stigmas, and being covered in red stiff hairs. [6]
In 1777, Giovanni Antonio Scopoli would publish the genus under Burghartia and would place the genus in the tribe Sauvagesieae of Ochnaceae. [7]
In 1789, Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber would publish the genus under Burcardia. [8] The description is similar to that of Aublet's with the exception of the petals described as "heart" shaped. [8]
Scopoli's and Schreber's descriptions both refer to Piriqueta as a synonym, neither provided type species in their descriptions.
Members of Piriqueta have native ranges throughout tropical and subtropical regions of North, Central, and South America. [1]
Various members of Piriqueta have been introduced to Java, Malaysia, and Thailand. [1]
As of 2023, there are 46 accepted species of Piriqueta. [1]
Notes on the number of floral morphs [3] [5]
1,2,3 denote the number of floral morphs (1 = homostylous, 2 = distylous, 3 = tristylous)? Denotes uncertain annotations.Those unannotated are missing data.
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsettia, manchineel, rafflesia and coca plant, and are hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.
The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 56 genera and about 1220 species, including the Scyphostegiaceae and many of the former Flacourtiaceae.
Tibouchina is a neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Melastomataceae. Species of this genus are subshrubs, shrubs or small trees and typically have purple flowers. They are native to Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America where they are found as far south as northern Argentina. Members of this genus are known as glory bushes, glory trees or princess flowers. The name Tibouchina is adapted from a Guianan indigenous name for a member of this genus. A systematic study in 2013 showed that as then circumscribed the genus was paraphyletic, and in 2019 the genus was split into a more narrowly circumscribed Tibouchina, two re-established genera Pleroma and Chaetogastra, and a new genus, Andesanthus.
Saxifraga is the largest genus in the family Saxifragaceae, containing about 465 species of holarctic perennial plants, known as saxifrages or rockfoils. The Latin word saxifraga means literally "stone-breaker", from Latin saxum + frangere. It is usually thought to indicate a medicinal use for treatment of urinary calculi, rather than breaking rocks apart.
Ochnaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. In the APG III system of classification of flowering plants, Ochnaceae is defined broadly, to include about 550 species, and encompasses what some taxonomists have treated as the separate families Medusagynaceae and Quiinaceae. In a phylogenetic study that was published in 2014, Ochnaceae was recognized in the broad sense, but two works published after APG III have accepted the small families Medusagynaceae and Quiinaceae. These have not been accepted by APG IV (2016).
Mayaca is a genus of flowering plants, often placed in its own family, the Mayacaceae. In the APG II system of 2003, it is assigned to the order Poales in the clade commelinids. The Cronquist system, of 1981, also recognised such a family and placed it in the order Commelinales in the subclass Commelinidae.
Lophospermum is a genus of herbaceous perennial climbers or scramblers, native to mountainous regions of Mexico and Guatemala. Those that climb use twining leaf stalks. Their flowers are tubular, in shades of red, violet and purple, the larger flowers being pollinated by hummingbirds. Now placed in the greatly expanded family Plantaginaceae, the genus was traditionally placed in the Scrophulariaceae. The close relationship with some other genera, particularly Maurandya and Rhodochiton, has led to confusion over the names of some species.
Rhodiola is a genus of perennial plants in the family Crassulaceae that resemble Sedum and other members of the family. Like sedums, Rhodiola species are often called stonecrops. Some authors merge Rhodiola into Sedum.
Turnera is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was previously placed in the family Turneraceae.
Brassica elongata, the elongated mustard or long-stalked rape, is a species of the mustard plant that is native to parts of Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Balkan Peninsula, the Caucasus, Morocco and parts of Central Asia. Through plant invasion this species has become naturalized in many other parts of the world. Some of these naturalized regions include South Africa, North Western Europe, Australia and North America. Given the wide range of climate and ecological conditions of these regions, B. elongata has been able to disrupt the ecosystems of their native plant habitats and has been label as an invasive species in many of its naturalized zones. In North America, this species is often found as a roadside weed in the southwestern states, particularly in the state of Nevada. Studies allude that the Cruciferae might have migrated through the Bering land bridge from what is now Central Asia. Commonly known as the long-stalked rape or as langtraubiger Kohl in German, this species is a close cousin to Brassica napus (rapeseed) and a secondary genetic relative to B. oleracea (kale). As a close genetic species of the rapeseed, the long-stalked rape has one of the highest counts of accumulated polyunsaturated linoleic and linolenic acid. Both compounds are heavily used to manufacture vegetable oils. Brassica elongata has the propagative potential of turning into a horticultural product from what is currently a noxious weed.
Parinari campestris is a species of tree in the plant family Chrysobalanaceae which is native to Trinidad, the Guianas, Venezuela and Brazil. It is reputed to have aphrodisiac properties.
Annona paludosa is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet, the French pharmacist and botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its swampy habitat.
Fusaea longifolia is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet, the French botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Annona longifolia, named it after its long-leaved foliage.
Afroqueta is a genus of flowering plants belonging to Turneroideae (Passifloraceae). It is a monotypic group, consisting of Afroqueta capensis(Harv.) Thulin & Razafim.
Arboa is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Passifloraceae.
Oxossia is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Turneroideae (Passifloraceae) consisting of 15 species. This genus was recently defined in 2019 after a phylogenetic analysis of Turnera justified the creation of the genus.
Arboa integrifolia is a shrub or tree with yellow flowers that grows in the dry tropics of Madagascar. A. integrifolia was previously classified as Erblichia integrifolia, Paropsia integrifolia, Piriqueta integrifolia, and Piriqueta mandrarensis, however, phylogenetic analysis supports its classification as Arboa.
Malesherbia lirana is a perennial herb whose native range is from Argentina and Chile. The species has racemose inflorescences that are 2 - 3.9 cm in size and cream colored petals. It flowers in spring to late summer.
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