Pisang Awak

Last updated
Thai banana
(pisang awak)
Chuoi xiem.jpg
Unripe Thai banana in An Giang province, Vietnam
Hybrid parentage Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana
Cultivar group ABB Group [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Cultivar Musa 'Pisang Awak'
OriginThailand [1]

Thai banana (also called pisang awak) is a banana cultivar originating from Thailand, [1] belonging to the triploid ABB banana cultivar group. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] This banana cultivar is one of the most important banana fruits in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Thai bananas contain many nutrients and are often eaten when ripe or prepared into many other dishes. Almost all parts of the Thai banana tree have useful uses for humans.

Contents

Etymology

A bunch of Thai banana Buong chuoi xiem (2).jpg
A bunch of Thai banana

Thai banana (or 'pisang awak') is also known in Australia as 'Ducasse' [6] and 'Kayinja' in Uganda. [7] The Malaysian name "pisang awak" is more commonly used among research institutions. [8] [2] In Thailand, it is known as kluai nam wa (กล้วยน้ำว้า, pronounced [klûajnámwáː] ). [9] The term nam wa has crossed over into the Khmer language where Thai banana is known in Cambodia as chek nam va (ចេកណាំវ៉ា), [10] but is known in the Khmer-speaking Thai province of Surin as chek sâ (ចេកស) or white banana. [11] This banana variety has multiple romanizations including 'Namwah Tall' (with a superfluous 'h'). In Vietnam, it is called as chuối sứ or chuối xiêm ("Siamese banana", means 'Thailand banana'). In Philippines, it is commonly called lagkitan in the Southern Tagalog region or botolan in the Palawan region. [12]

As a stout mutation, 'Dwarf Pisang Awak' is known in America as Musa 'Dwarf Namwah' as popularized by Agri-Starts Inc; [13] and in Thai language as kluai nam wa khom (กล้วยน้ำว้าค่อม). [3]

Description

Thai banana grows up to 3–52 m (9.8–170.6 ft) in length. [2] It is known to produce seed with the availability of fertile pollen. [14]

Taxonomy

Thai banana is originated from Thailand, [1] a cross between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana . Most sources affirm that Thai banana belongs to the triploid ABB genome group. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] But there is source still thought that this cultivar belongs to the tetraploid AABB genome group? [15] The scientific name is Musa (ABB) 'Pisang Awak'. [5] Synonyms include: Musa paradisiaca var. awak. [16]

Uses

In Uganda, 'Thai banana' as well as 'pisang awak' (known locally as kayinja) is grown for making banana beer. [7] [17]

In Cambodia, 'Thai banana' as well as 'pisang awak' (known locally as chek nam va) is favored over varieties for its multiple uses while other varieties are valued for the fruit. [18] The banana blossoms (at the stage of male flower production) and pseudostem, although astringent, are eaten as a vegetable. The folded leaves are used as a container for making steamed curries, including fish amok and ansom chek in which the fragrance of the banana leaves is transferred to the food being cooked. [18] [19]

In Vietnam, Thai bananas are eaten both when ripe, raw and when the fruit is still green. In the Southwest region, almost all parts of the Thai banana tree are used by people to serve their daily lives. "Grilled sticky bananas" is prepared from Thai banana, is one of 9 dishes mentioned by CNN in list of "The World's Best Desserts". [20]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banana</span> Tropical/subtropical edible staple, fruit

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, cooking bananas are called plantains, distinguishing them from dessert bananas. The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may have a variety of colors when ripe. The fruits grow upward in clusters near the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. Most cultivated bananas are M. acuminata, M. balbisiana, or hybrids of the two.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cooking banana</span> Banana cultivars commonly used in cooking

Cooking bananas are a group of starchy banana cultivars in the genus Musa whose fruits are generally used in cooking. They are not eaten raw and generally starchy. Many cooking bananas are referred to as plantains or 'green bananas'. In botanical usage, the term "plantain" is used only for true plantains, while other starchy cultivars used for cooking are called "cooking bananas". True plantains are cooking cultivars belonging to the AAB group, while cooking bananas are any cooking cultivar belonging to the AAB, AAA, ABB, or BBB groups. The currently accepted scientific name for all such cultivars in these groups is Musa × paradisiaca. Fe'i bananas from the Pacific Islands are often eaten roasted or boiled, and are thus informally referred to as "mountain plantains", but they do not belong to any of the species from which all modern banana cultivars are descended.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blood banana</span> Variety of fruit

The blood banana, is a variety of the wild banana Musa acuminata native to Sumatra, Indonesia. The blood banana is an ornamental plant, named for the dark red patches on its leaves, though its small-seeded fruits are also edible. It grows 6' to 8' tall in the wild, but is well-adapted to container growing and can be maintained at 3' to 5'. It grows best in full or partial sun and is hardy in zones 9 - 11.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cavendish banana</span> Banana cultivar

Cavendish bananas are the fruits of one of a number of banana cultivars belonging to the Cavendish subgroup of the AAA banana cultivar group. The same term is also used to describe the plants on which the bananas grow.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gros Michel banana</span> Banana cultivar

Gros Michel, often translated and known as "Big Mike", is an export cultivar of banana and was, until the 1950s, the main variety grown. The physical properties of the Gros Michel make it an excellent export produce; its thick peel makes it resilient to bruising during transport and the dense bunches that it grows in make it easy to ship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banana fritter</span> Deep fried battered banana or plantain

A banana fritter is a fritter made by deep frying battered banana or plantain in hot oil. It is a common dish across Southeast Asia and South India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red banana</span> Variety of banana

Red bananas are a group of varieties of bananas with reddish-purple skin. Some are smaller and plumper than the common Cavendish banana, others much larger. When ripe, raw red bananas have a flesh that is creamy to light pink. They are also softer and sweeter than the yellow Cavendish varieties, some with a slight tangy raspberry flavor and others with an earthy one. Many red bananas are exported by producers in East Africa, Asia, South America, and the United Arab Emirates. They are a favorite in Central America as a form of aphrodisiac juice, along with being a favourite in India to promote fertility but are sold throughout the world.

<i>Musa balbisiana</i> Eastern South Asian banana species

Musa balbisiana, also known simply as plantain, is a wild-type species of banana. It is one of the ancestors of modern cultivated bananas, along with Musa acuminata.

<i>Musa acuminata</i> Species of banana native to Southeast Asia

Musa acuminata is a species of banana native to Southern Asia, its range comprising the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Many of the modern edible dessert bananas are from this species, although some are hybrids with Musa balbisiana. First cultivated by humans around 10 kya, it is one of the early examples of domesticated plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue Java banana</span> Banana cultivar

The Blue Java is a hardy, cold-tolerant banana cultivar known for its sweet aromatic fruit, which is said to have an ice cream-like consistency and flavor reminiscent of vanilla. It is native to Southeast Asia and is a hybrid of two species of banana native to Southeast Asia—Musa balbisiana and Musa acuminata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saba banana</span> Banana cultivar

Saba banana is a triploid hybrid (ABB) banana cultivar originating from the Philippines. It is primarily a cooking banana, though it can also be eaten raw. It is one of the most important banana varieties in Philippine cuisine. It is also sometimes known as the "cardaba banana", though the latter name is more correctly applied to the cardava, a very similar cultivar also classified within the saba subgroup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lady Finger banana</span> Banana cultivar

Lady Finger bananas are banana cultivars belonging to the Sucrier subgroup of the AA banana cultivar group. Originating in Malaysia, Lady Finger banana is the most widely cultivated AA cultivar and is one of the world’s most popular local bananas. Banana fruits are finger-sized, thin skinned, and deliciously sweet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latundan banana</span> Type of banana originating in the Philippines

The Latundan banana is a triploid hybrid banana cultivar of the AAB "Pome" group from the Philippines. It is one of the most common banana cultivars in Southeast Asia and the Philippines, along with Lacatan and Saba bananas. Its Malaysian name is pisang rastali.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lakatan banana</span> Banana cultivar

Lakatan bananas, also spelled Lacatan, are diploid banana cultivars from the Philippines. It is one of the most common banana cultivars in the Philippines, along with the Latundan and Saba bananas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Señorita banana</span> Banana cultivar

Señorita bananas are diploid cultivars of the banana Musa acuminata originating in the Philippines. They are very small stout bananas which, like all bananas belonging to the AA cultivar group, are known for being extraordinarily sweet.

<i>Musa <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> paradisiaca</i> Species of flowering plant

Musa × paradisiaca is a triploid cultivar of banana, belonging to the Cavendish banana subgroup, originating as the hybrid between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana, cultivated and domesticated by human very early. Most cultivated bananas and plantains are cultivars of this hybrid. Linnaeus originally used the name M. paradisiaca only for plantains or cooking bananas, but the modern usage includes hybrid cultivars used both for cooking and as dessert bananas. Linnaeus's name for dessert bananas, Musa sapientum, is thus a synonym of Musa × paradisiaca.

Masak Hijau bananas are triploid banana cultivars from Malaysia. It is a member of the commercially important Cavendish banana subgroup. It is a popular banana cultivar in Southeast Asia and the West Indies.

Bluggoe, Orinoco, Musa'Orinoco', or burro is a cultivar of banana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chuối nếp nướng</span>

Chuối nếp nướng, also known as grilled banana wrapped in sticky rice, is a popular street food in Vietnam, particularly in the southern region.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ortiz, Amil (2016). MUSA TAXONOMIC REFERENCE COLLECTION (PDF). US: Agricultural Research Service - United States Department of Agriculture. pp. 105–108.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Wang, Koon-Hui; Angela K. Kepler & Cerruti R.R. Hooks (2009). "Brief Description of Banana Cultivars Available from the University of Hawaii Seed Program". College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. University of Hawai'i at Manoa: 7. Retrieved January 31, 2024 via Docplayer.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "แปลงรวบรวมพันธุ์กล้วยพื้นเมืองภาคใต้เพื่อการเรียนรู้" (PDF). r12.ldd.go.th (in Thai). ศูนย์ศึกษา การพัฒนาพิกุลทองฯ (Phikunthong Development Study Center). Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 Wang, Xiaoyi; Wang, Anbang; Li, Yujia; Xu, Yi; Wei, Qing; Wang, Jiashui; Lin, Fei; Gong, Deyong; Liu, Fei (2021). "A Novel Banana Mutant "RF 1" (Musa spp. ABB, Pisang Awak Subgroup) for Improved Agronomic Traits and Enhanced Cold Tolerance and Disease Resistance". Frontiers in Plant Science. Vol. 12. p. 730718. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.730718 . ISSN   1664-462X. PMC   8496975 . PMID   34630479.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Porcher, Michel (27 March 2011). "Sorting Musa cultivars". plantnames.unimelb.edu.au. The University of Melbourne . Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  6. Robert Williams. "Australian banana industry: Status and R&D update". Advancing Banana and Plantain R&D in Asia and the Pacific. 13: 19–36. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  7. 1 2 Rietveld, A. M.; Mpiira, S.; Jogo, W.; Staver, C.; Karamura, E. B. (2013-07-29). "The beer banana value chain in central Uganda.". In Blomme, G.; Asten, P. van; Vanlauwe, B. (eds.). Banana systems in the humid highlands of sub-Saharan Africa: enhancing resilience and productivity (1 ed.). UK: CABI. pp. 191–201. doi:10.1079/9781780642314.0191. ISBN   978-1-78064-231-4 . Retrieved 2024-01-29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  8. "Musa Malay Names". Germplasm Resources Information Network. 1999. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  9. Sanoppa, Kanokchan; Meesangket, Supatsorn; Aemchalee, Widchayut; Wongwan, Panupong (2021). "Effects of Supplementation with Pigment Powders from Monascus purpureus Fermented with Pisang Awak Banana (Musa sapientum Linn.) Replace Nitrite in Fermented Pork Sausage" ผลของการใช้ผงสีจาก Monascus purpureus หมักกับกล้วยน้ำว้าทดแทนไนไตรท์ในผลิตภัณฑ์แหนม. The journal of King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (in Thai). Vol. 31, no. 1. pp. 99–108. doi:10.14416/j.kmutnb.2020.08.001. ISSN   2985-2145 via kmutnb.
  10. ទិត ស្រ៊ (2020-08-25). "ចេកណាំវ៉ា ជាដំណាំពេញនិយមរបស់ប្រជាពលរដ្ឋរស់នៅខេត្តព្រះវិហារ និងជួយបង្កើនប្រាក់ចំណូលបានយ៉ាងច្រើនផងដែរ". information.gov.kh (in Khmer). ក្រសួងព័ត៌មាន (Cambodian Ministry of Information). Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  11. Teel, Stephen, Northern Khmer-Thai-English Dictionary, typescript, Surin, July 1988, Vol. I (ก-บ), p. 172.
  12. Dizon, Teodora; Pinili, Marita; Cruz, Filipe dela; Damasco, Olivia; Bergh, Inge Van den; Waele, Dirk De (2010-04-01). "Response of Philippine banana (Musa spp,) cultivars to radopholus similis (Thorne) and meloidogyne incognita chitwood under greenhouse conditions" (PDF). Philippine Journal of Crop Science. Vol. 35, no. 1. p. 39.
  13. "Musa 'Dwarf Namwa'". agristarts.com. Agri-Starts, Inc. Archived from the original on September 25, 2022. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  14. Nelson, Scot; Ploetz, Randy; Kepler, Angela Kay (2006). "Musa species (banana and plantain)" (PDF). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. p. 7 via Researchgate.
  15. M. Pillay; E. Ogundiwin; A. Tenkouano & J. Dolezel (2006). "Ploidy and genome composition of Musa germplasm at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)". African Journal of Biotechnology. 5 (13): 1230. ISSN   1684-5315 . Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  16. Chong, L.; Aziah, A. N. (2008). "Influence of Partial Substitution of Wheat Flour with Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. Awak) Flour on the Physico - Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Doughnuts" (PDF). International Food Research journal. Vol. 15, no. 2. pp. 119–124 via Semantic Scholar.
  17. Rietveld; Ajambo; Nowakuna; Khakasa; Batte; Jakana; Bwengye; Kikulwe; Stoian (2014). "ENHANCING BANANA JUICE AND BEER PRODUCTION & MARKETING IN UGANDA: A PROPOSED BUSINESS CASE" (PDF). International Fund for Agricultural Development via CGIAR.
  18. 1 2 Chiv Lina (2009-09-14). "Khmer Banana". Chanbokeo. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  19. Deborah S. Hartz-Seeley (July 30, 2009). "Learn to make Cambodian-Style Fish Amok Step-by-Step". Sun Sentinel. South Florida. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  20. Anh Minh (March 12, 2023). "Vietnamese grilled bananas among world's most delicious desserts - VnExpress International". VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam. Retrieved 2024-03-18.