Portulaca grandiflora | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Portulacaceae |
Genus: | Portulaca |
Species: | P. grandiflora |
Binomial name | |
Portulaca grandiflora | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Portulaca grandiflora is a succulent flowering plant in the purslane family Portulacaceae, native to southern Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay and often cultivated in gardens. [2] [3] It has many common names, including rose moss, [4] eleven o'clock, [3] Mexican rose, [3] moss rose, [3] sun rose, [5] rock rose, [5] and moss-rose purslane . Despite these names and the superficial resemblance of some cultivars' flowers to roses, it is not a true rose, nor even a part of the rose family or rosid group; rather, it is much more closely related to carnations and cacti.
It is also seen in South Asia and widely spread in most of the cities with old 18th- and 19th-century architecture in the Balkans.
It is a small, but fast-growing annual plant growing to 30 cm tall, though usually less. However, if it is cultivated properly, it can easily reach this height. The leaves are thick and fleshy, up to 2.5 cm long, arranged alternately or in small clusters. The flowers are 2.5–3 cm diameter with five petals, variably red, orange, pink, white, and yellow. [2] Their upright, or ascending, long shoots branch usually near the base. The spreading 20-to-25-millimeters-long and 2-to-3-millimeters-wide leaves are almost or completely stalk-shaped, and taper towards the tip.
The axillary leaves have few to numerous whitish, woolly hairs which are usually shorter than the sheets. The compressed inflorescences are surrounded by eight to ten leaves. The large flowers reach a diameter of up to 4 centimetres. The five bright magenta-coloured petals are obovate and 15 to 26 millimeters long. Around the ovary with four to nine whitish scars are about 50 stamens. Capsules and seeds are not visible. [6]
P. grandiflora is one of the few plants that is a C4/CAM intermediate, utilizing both C4 carbon fixation and Crassulacean acid metabolism pathways in different cells for photosynthesis. [7]
Numerous cultivars have been selected for double flowers with additional petals, and for variation in flower colour, plain or variegated. [2] It is widely grown in temperate climates as an ornamental plant for annual bedding or as a container plant. It requires ample sunlight and well-drained soils. It requires almost no attention and spreads itself very easily. In places with old architecture it can grow between the stones of the road or sidewalk. Seeds are often sold as mixtures, such as Double Flowering Mixture (see illustrations). It grows on sandy soils. In countries with a frost-free climate, it is wild. [8] [9]
Unlike P. oleracea and P. umbraticola , it is not edible because of its bitter taste. There are hybrids of P. grandiflora with P. oleracea, umbraticola and villosa.
Spanish moss is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon large trees in tropical and subtropical climates. It is native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America, the Southern United States, and West Indies. It has been naturalized in Queensland (Australia). It is known as "grandpa's beard" in French Polynesia.
Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions that allows a plant to photosynthesize during the day, but only exchange gases at night. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but they open at night to collect carbon dioxide and allow it to diffuse into the mesophyll cells. The CO2 is stored as four-carbon malic acid in vacuoles at night, and then in the daytime, the malate is transported to chloroplasts where it is converted back to CO2, which is then used during photosynthesis. The pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency. This mechanism of acid metabolism was first discovered in plants of the family Crassulaceae.
Hoya is a genus of over 500 accepted species of tropical plants in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. Most are native to several countries of Asia such as the Philippines, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Polynesia, New Guinea, and many species are also found in Australia.
Portulaca oleracea is an annual succulent in the family Portulacaceae.
Portulaca is a flowering plant of the family Portulacaceae, with over 100 species, found in the tropics and warm temperate regions. Also the type genus of the family, portulacas are known as the purslanes.
The Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising 115 species in a single genus Portulaca. Formerly some 20 genera with about 500 species, were placed there, but it is now restricted to encompass only one genus, the other genera being placed elsewhere. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is also known as the purslane family. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the highest diversity in semiarid regions of the Southern Hemisphere in Africa, Australia, and South America, but with a few species also extending north into Arctic regions. The family is very similar to the Caryophyllaceae, differing in the calyx, which has only two sepals.
Purslane is a common name for several mostly unrelated plants with edible leaves and may refer to:
Talinum paniculatum is a succulent subshrub in the family Talinaceae that is native to much of North and South America, and the Caribbean countries. It is commonly known as fameflower, Jewels-of-Opar, or pink baby's-breath.
Aeonium haworthii, also known as Haworth's aeonium or pinwheel, is a species of succulent flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae. It is grown as a houseplant in temperate regions. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, as has the cultivar 'Variegatum'.
Rosa'Double Delight',, is a multiple award-winning, red blend hybrid tea rose cultivar bred in the United States by Swim & Ellis and introduced in 1977. Its parents were two hybrid tea cultivars, the red and yellow 'Granada' and the ivory 'Garden Party'.
Portulaca pilosa is a species of flowering succulent plant in the purslane family, Portulacaceae, that is native to the Americas. Its common names include pink purslane, kiss-me-quick and hairy pigweed. Its range extends from the southern United States and the Caribbean as far south as Brazil. It is a succulent with linear leaves and pink flowers.
Claytonia rosea, commonly called Rocky Mountain spring beauty, western springbeauty or Madrean springbeauty, is a diminutive spring blooming ephemeral plant with pale pink to magenta flowers. It grows a small round tuberous root and it one of the earliest wildflowers of spring in its range. It is found in dry meadows in forests of ponderosa and Chihuahuan pines, and moist ledges of mountain slopes of the Beaver Dam Mountains of Utah, Colorado Front Range, and Sierra Madre Occidental, south and east to the Sierra Maderas del Carmen of Coahuila.
Portulaca lutea, the native yellow purslane, is a species of Portulaca that is indigenous to all of the main islands of Hawaii except for Kaua'i and is widespread throughout the Pacific Islands.
Portulaca umbraticola, also known as the wingpod purslane, is an annual or short-lived perennial succulent in the genus of flowering plants Portulaca.
Rosa 'Voodoo',, is a hybrid tea rose cultivar, bred by Jack Christensen in 1984. The rose variety was created from the stock parents: grandiflora 'Camelot'; hybrid tea, 'First Prize'; hybrid tea, 'Typhoo Tea'; and hybrid tea, 'Lolita'. The cultivar was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 1986.
Rosa 'Bonica 82',, is a shrub rose cultivar, bred by Marie-Louise Meilland in France in 1982. The cultivar was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 1987.
Rosa 'Tournament of Roses',, is a grandiflora rose cultivar, bred by William Warriner, and introduced into the United States by Jackson & Perkins in 1988. The rose was named for the Tournament of Roses flower festival and parade held annually in Pasadena, California. The cultivar was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 1989.
Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth' is a pink Grandiflora rose cultivar, bred by rose grower, Dr. Walter Lammerts in the United States in 1954. The rose variety is very popular worldwide and has won numerous awards, including "World's Favorite Rose", (1979).
Rosa 'Honor',, is a white blend hybrid tea rose cultivar, developed by William Warriner, and introduced into the United States by Jackson & Perkins in 1980. The cultivar was the recipient of the Portland Gold Medal in 1978 and was an All-America Rose Selections winner in 1980.
Rosa 'Strike It Rich',, is a grandiflora rose cultivar, bred by Tom Carruth, and introduced into the United States by Weeks Rose Growers in 2007. The cultivar was awarded the Portland Gold Medal in 2010.