Proverbs 2

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Proverbs 2
  chapter 1
chapter 3  
Leningrad-codex-17-proverbs.pdf
The whole Book of Proverbs in the Leningrad Codex (1008 C.E.) from an old fascimile edition.
Book Book of Proverbs
Category Ketuvim
Christian Bible part Old Testament
Order in the Christian part21

Proverbs 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Proverbs in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. [1] [2] The book is a compilation of several wisdom literature collections, with the heading in 1:1 may be intended to regard Solomon as the traditional author of the whole book, but the dates of the individual collections are difficult to determine, and the book probably obtained its final shape in the post-exilic period. [3] This chapter is a part of the first collection of the book. [4]

Contents

Text

Hebrew

The following table shows the Hebrew text [5] [6] of Proverbs 2 with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).

VerseHebrewEnglish translation (JPS 1917)
1בְּ֭נִי אִם־תִּקַּ֣ח אֲמָרָ֑י וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽךְ׃My son, if thou wilt receive my words, And lay up my commandments with thee;
2לְהַקְשִׁ֣יב לַחׇכְמָ֣ה אׇזְנֶ֑ךָ תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַתְּבוּנָֽה׃So that thou make thine ear attend unto wisdom, And thy heart incline to discernment;
3כִּ֤י אִ֣ם לַבִּינָ֣ה תִקְרָ֑א לַ֝תְּבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽךָ׃Yea, if thou call for understanding, And lift up thy voice for discernment;
4אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה כַכָּ֑סֶף וְֽכַמַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה׃If thou seek her as silver, And search for her as for hid treasures;
5אָ֗ז תָּ֭בִין יִרְאַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא׃Then shalt thou understand the fear of the LORD, And find the knowledge of God.
6כִּֽי־יְ֭הֹוָה יִתֵּ֣ן חׇכְמָ֑ה מִ֝פִּ֗יו דַּ֣עַת וּתְבוּנָֽה׃For the LORD giveth wisdom, Out of His mouth cometh knowledge and discernment;
7(וצפן) [יִצְפֹּ֣ן] לַ֭יְשָׁרִים תּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה מָ֝גֵ֗ן לְהֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם׃He layeth up sound wisdom for the upright, He is a shield to them that walk in integrity;
8לִ֭נְצֹר אׇרְח֣וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וְדֶ֖רֶךְ חֲסִידָ֣ו יִשְׁמֹֽר׃That He may guard the paths of justice, And preserve the way of His godly ones. .
9אָ֗ז תָּ֭בִין צֶ֣דֶק וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּ֝מֵישָׁרִ֗ים כׇּל־מַעְגַּל־טֽוֹב׃Then shalt thou understand righteousness and justice, And equity, yea, every good path.
10כִּֽי־תָב֣וֹא חׇכְמָ֣ה בְלִבֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝דַ֗עַת לְֽנַפְשְׁךָ֥ יִנְעָֽם׃For wisdom shall enter into thy heart, And knowledge shall be pleasant unto thy soul;
11מְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗יךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽכָּה׃Discretion shall watch over thee, Discernment shall guard thee;
12לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ רָ֑ע מֵ֝אִ֗ישׁ מְדַבֵּ֥ר תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת׃To deliver thee from the way of evil, From the men that speak froward things;
13הַ֭עֹ֣זְבִים אׇרְח֣וֹת יֹ֑שֶׁר לָ֝לֶ֗כֶת בְּדַרְכֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃Who leave the paths of uprightness, To walk in the ways of darkness;
14הַ֭שְּׂמֵחִים לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רָ֑ע יָ֝גִ֗ילוּ בְּֽתַהְפֻּכ֥וֹת רָֽע׃Who rejoice to do evil, And delight in the frowardness of evil;
15אֲשֶׁ֣ר אׇרְחֹתֵיהֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים וּ֝נְלוֹזִ֗ים בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתָֽם׃Who are crooked in their ways, And perverse in their paths;
16לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝נׇּכְרִיָּ֗ה אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה׃To deliver thee from the strange woman, Even from the alien woman that maketh smooth her words;
17הַֽ֭עֹזֶבֶת אַלּ֣וּף נְעוּרֶ֑יהָ וְאֶת־בְּרִ֖ית אֱלֹהֶ֣יהָ שָׁכֵֽחָה׃That forsaketh the lord of her youth, And forgetteth the covenant of her God.
18כִּ֤י שָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְאֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽיהָ׃For her house sinketh down unto death, And her paths unto the shades;
19כׇּל־בָּ֭אֶיהָ לֹ֣א יְשׁוּב֑וּן וְלֹֽא־יַ֝שִּׂ֗יגוּ אׇרְח֥וֹת חַיִּֽים׃None that go unto her return, Neither do they attain unto the paths of life;
20לְמַ֗עַן תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְאׇרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר׃That thou mayest walk in the way of good men, And keep the paths of the righteous.
21כִּֽי־יְשָׁרִ֥ים יִשְׁכְּנוּ־אָ֑רֶץ וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽהּ׃For the upright shall dwell in the land, And the whole-hearted shall remain in it.
22וּ֭רְשָׁעִים מֵאֶ֣רֶץ יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗ים יִסְּח֥וּ מִמֶּֽנָּה׃But the wicked shall be cut off from the land, And the faithless shall be plucked up out of it.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). [7] Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q102 (4QProva; 30 BCE – 30 CE) with extant verse 1. [8] [9] [10] [11]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century). [12]

Analysis

This chapter belongs to a section regarded as the first collection in the book of Proverbs (comprising Proverbs 19), known as "Didactic discourses". [3] The Jerusalem Bible describes chapters 1–9 as a prologue of the chapters 10–22:16, the so-called "[actual] proverbs of Solomon", as "the body of the book". [13] The chapter starts with an admonition to receive wisdom (verses 1–4) followed by the benefits of it: *the knowledge of God and his protection (5–8),

The instruction in this chapter presents "wisdom" as a human quest (verses 1–5) and a divine gift (verses 6–8), which guards its recipients from the way of evil men and loose women (verses 9–19), and guides them in the way of good men (verses 20–22). [15]

Value of Wisdom (2:1–8)

Wisdom is to be pursued with the attentiveness to the father's words and the inclination of the heart (or 'mind') as well as the fervent desire and perseverance (verses 1–4). [16] The prize for getting the wisdom is worth the toil (verse 5) given by God himself (verse 6), effectively maintaining God's moral order ('paths of justice') by 'shielding' that person from the pitfalls and snares of evil (verses 7–8). [17]

Verse 1

My son, if you receive my words
and treasure up my commandments with you, [18]

This verse opens one long conditional sentence comprising:

The verb "treasure" qualifies the term “receive” (, לָקַח, laqakh, in the first clause, just as “commandments” intensifies “words”. [21] The pattern of 'intensification through parallelism' is found in verses 1 to 4. [21]

Benefits of Wisdom (2:9–22)

The description of Wisdom as a guide and a guard (verses 9–11) echoes the introduction in Proverbs 1:2–7, is applied in following verses, in particular against 'evil men' (verses 12–15) and 'loose women' (or 'sexual impurities'; verses 16–19), [17] so it leads to the way of good persons (verses 20–22). [15] The theme of the 'loose woman' (verses. 16-19) is developed in more details in Proverbs 5:1–14, 6:20–35, and 7:1–27. [17]

Verse 16

to deliver you from the adulterous woman,
from the loose woman who has flattered you with her words [22]

The seductive speech is compared to "olive oil" (Proverbs 5:3) and is recounted (Proverbs 7:14-20). [26] [27]

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. Halley 1965, p. 270.
  2. Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  3. 1 2 Aitken 2007, p. 406.
  4. Aitken 2007, pp. 406–407.
  5. "Proverbs – Chapter 2". Mechon Mamre.
  6. "Proverbs 2 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
  7. Würthwein 1995, pp. 36–37.
  8. Ulrich 2010, p. 732.
  9. Dead sea scrolls - Proverbs
  10. Fitzmyer 2008, p. 42.
  11. 4Q102 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  12. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  13. Jerusalem Bible (1966), Introduction to The Proverbs, p. 931
  14. Note [a] on Proverbs 2:1 in NET Bible
  15. 1 2 Aitken 2007, p. 407.
  16. Aitken 2007, pp. 407–408.
  17. 1 2 3 Aitken 2007, p. 408.
  18. Proverbs 2:1 ESV
  19. Note [c] on Proverbs 2:1 in NET Bible
  20. Note [e] on Proverbs 2:1 in NET Bible
  21. 1 2 Note [d] on Proverbs 2:1 in NET Bible
  22. Proverbs 2:16 NET Bible
  23. Notes [a] on Proverbs 2:16 in NET Bible.
  24. Notes [b] on Proverbs 2:16 in NET Bible.
  25. 1 2 Notes [c] on Proverbs 2:16 in NET Bible.
  26. 1 2 Notes [d] on Proverbs 2:16 in NET Bible.
  27. Notes [e] on Proverbs 2:16 in NET Bible.

Sources