Russian intelligentsia expressed various reactions to the Russian annexation of Crimea.
Over 100 cultural figures signed a letter supporting Russia's return of Crimea. Among those who signed it were conductor Yuri Bashmet, film director Fyodor Bondarchuk, director Stanislav Govorukhin, film director Karen Shakhnazarov, actor Sergey Bezrukov, singer Lev Leshchenko, [1] [2] sculptor Alexander Bourganov, sculptor Zurab Tsereteli, and actor Dmitry Kharatyan. [3]
The letter was kept open to add signatures and eventually reached 511. [3]
The name of the famous theatre and film director Mark Zakharov appeared on a petition opposing Russian accession of Crimea, however, he himself denied ever signing it. He stated in an interview that he opposed Russian soldiers being deployed to Ukraine as it reminded him the start of the Afghanistan conflict, however, he also couldn't imagine Russia without Crimea. [4] He also stated that had he been offered to sign a letter supporting the accession, he would've signed it. [5]
Director and actor Vladimir Menshov, winner of the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, expressed support of the annexation by stating, "Finally Russia has moved from words to actions." [6] He was blacklisted in Ukraine as a result. [7]
Other prominent figures to support the annexation of Crimea and as a result getting blacklisted in Ukraine were actress Irina Alfyorova, singer Yuri Loza, [7] actor Valentin Gaft, [8] comedian Mikhail Zadornov, [9] and winner of the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film director Nikita Mikhalkov. [10]
Director Alexander Mitta expressed support of the return of Crimea to Russia; however, Mitta also said that he didn't like the fact that it was used as a way to distract the Russian population of the internal problems Russia was facing. [11]
The annexation of Crimea divided the Russian rock community to supporters and opposition to the move. [12] Former Aria leader and current leader of the band Kipelov, Valery Kipelov, expressed support of the annexation, and stated that it should've been done in 1991. [13] [14] He performed at music festivals celebrating the event in Crimea. [15] [16]
Konstantin Kinchev and his band Alisa, considered to be among the pioneers of Russian rock, expressed support of the move, and cancelled all of his concerts in Ukraine. [17] Kinchev had already expressed views supporting the return of Crimea to Russia in 2008. [18]
Among the other prominent figures in Russian rock who expressed support of the move included Chaif, [19] [14] Chicherina, [20] [21] Alexander F. Sklyar, [12] [22] and Vadim Samoylov (ex-Agatha Christie). [23] [24]
Many rock concerts have been organised in Crimea following the annexation. [25]
Russian scientists and artists who disagreed with Russian government policy in Crimea, announced their opposition in an open letter: [26]
"Our country has been plunged into a dangerous adventure. Under the slogan "Defend the Russian in Crimea, as well as all Ukrainians from the new illegitimate, fascist government in Ukraine!", an actual annexation of the Crimea has already happened. International law was heavily violated and principles of European security and stability were destroyed. Russia is rapidly slipping into a new Cold War with the West and there are dangerous consequences that cannot be predicted."
"There is unrestrained flow of lies and disinformation in all Russian state media resources, as well as deafening propaganda campaign against anyone who tries to doubt the legitimacy of the authorities' actions or indicate their disastrous consequences for the country and people. All who disagree indiscriminately get called a "fifth column" and "fascists". There are a lot of people who disagree. It is enough to read uncensored media or numerous judgments in social networks to see that political scientists, economists, people who are professionally related to foreign policy, or just people that are endowed with any social intuition are warning that Russia is coming to a real catastrophe — economic, political, humanitarian."
The letter was published in "Echo of Moscow", "Novaya Gazeta" and "Russian PEN Center".
Another open letter headlined "Do not cave in. Do not succumb to lies" [27] was signed by 180 representatives of different professions, including: Yuri Ryzhov (of the Russian Academy of Science), Andrey Makarevich (musician), Yuri Shevchuk (musician), Andrey Zvyagintsev (film director), Marietta Chudakova (writer, literary historian) and Vadim Zakharov (artist).
On March 19, 2014, an "Anti-war Congress" took place at the M.I. Rudomino State Library for Foreign Literature. An appeal, adopted by resolution of the Congress, stated: [28] [29]
"We, the representatives of the Russian intelligentsia, must warn the government about the historical mistake that is happening — the desire of taking under control part of another, recently brotherly Ukraine, by using Russian armed forces."
Sergei Markov, a member of Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, commented on the results of the congress and called its participants "representatives of a "Russophobic" subculture that do not pose any danger to the country". [30]
On March 12, 2014, KinoSoyuz (an organization of the Russian film industry) published an open letter of support for their Ukrainian colleagues on its website. By 13 March 2014, the letter had been co-signed by more than 200 people. [31]
After an open letter of support for Russian policy in Crimea was published, on March 11, 2014 a response from Ukraine appeared. [36]
Yury Mefodievich Solomin is a Soviet and Russian actor and director who has been art director of the Maly Theatre in Moscow since 1988. He previously served as Minister of Culture of the RSFSR from 1990 to 1991.
Oleg Pavlovich Tabakov was a Soviet and Russian actor and the Artistic Director of the Moscow Art Theatre. People's Artist of the USSR (1988).
Andrey Vadimovich Makarevich PAR is a Soviet and Russian rock musician and the founder of Russia's oldest still active rock band Mashina Vremeni.
Dmitry Vadimovich Kharatyan is a Soviet and Russian actor of Armenian descent, People's Artist of Russia.
Pavel Semyonovich Lungin is a Russian film director. He is sometimes credited as Pavel Loungine. Lungin was awarded the distinction People's Artist of Russia in 2008.
Andrey Andreyevich Piontkovsky is a Russian scientist and political writer and analyst, a member of International PEN Club. He is a former member of the Russian Opposition Coordination Council.
Mark Anatolyevich Zakharov was a Soviet and Russian stage and film director, screenwriter and pedagogue best known for his fantasy parable movies. He was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1991.
Vladimir Vladimirovich Bortko is a Russian film director, screenwriter, producer and politician. He was a member of the State Duma between 2011 and 2021, and was awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia.
Lyudmila Alexeyevna Chursina is a Soviet and Russian film actress. She has appeared in more than 50 films and television shows since 1962. In 1981 she was a member of the jury at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. At the age of 40, she is the youngest actress to receive the title of the People's Artist of the USSR.
The 2014 anti-war protests in Russia refers to a series of anti-war demonstrations opposing the Russian military intervention in Ukraine that took place in Russia in 2014. Protesters held two anti-war protest rallies on 2 and 15 March 2014. The latter, known as the March of Peace, took place in Moscow a day before the Crimean referendum. The protests have been the largest in Russia since the 2011–13 Russian protests by the Russian opposition against the alleged electoral fraud committed by United Russia during the 2011 Russian legislative election. Reuters reported that around 20,000 people participated in the 15 March demonstrations.
On 18 March 2014, Russian president Vladimir Putin gave a speech to both chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in connection with the request for admission by the Crimean parliament of the republic in the Russian Federation. He spoke in the St. George Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace in the Moscow Kremlin.
Denis Vasilievich Maidanov is a Russian singer, songwriter, actor, and politician. An accomplished artist known throughout Russia, Maidanov also serves in the Russian State Duma as a representative of the Odintsovo constituency of Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast since 2021. He is a member of United Russia. Maidanov's accolades as an artist include the title of Merited Artist of the Russian Federation, as well as the Golden Gramophone, song of the year, and chanson of the year. In his political career, Maidanov has vocally supported the policies of Vladimir Putin, and supported the invasion of Ukraine. In 2022 he was sanctioned by the European Union.
Sergei Trofimov, also known under the stage name Trofim, is a Russian songwriter, musician, singer.
Dzhanik Habibullaevich Fayziev is an Uzbek and Russian director, producer and screenwriter. He specializes in historical adventure movies. Most notably, he directed The Turkish Gambit and Legend of Kolovrat, and produced Admiral.
Yelena Yurievna Gagarina is a Russian art historian. She is the general director of Moscow Kremlin Museums since 2001. She is also the elder daughter of Yuri Gagarin.
Tikhon Viktorovich Dzyadko is a Russian journalist, television presenter and media manager. He is the editor-in-chief of the TV Rain channel, former deputy editor-in-chief and host of the RTVI TV network. He previously worked at the radio station Echo of Moscow and the Ukrainian channel Inter.
Sergey Alexandrovich Filatov was a Russian statesman, who was the chief of Russian presidential executive office from 1993 to 1996, during the Boris Yeltsin's first term.
On 4 March 2022, the Russian Union of Rectors signed an address in support of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The letter was signed by heads (rectors) of 304 higher education institutions in Russia. It was highly publicized inside Russia, but internationally it only led to further isolation of Russian educational institutions.
"Where have you been for eight years?", "Where have you been for the last eight years?", or "Why have you been silent during the past eight years?" is a rhetorical question widely used by Russian propaganda in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in support of Russia, mainly pointing out what Ukraine has been doing to the Donbas during the war in Donbas (2014–2022), and that the Russo-Ukrainian War has been ongoing since the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea. It has been described as Russian pro-war propaganda.
The Congress of People's Deputies is a meeting of former deputies of different levels and convocations from Russia, claiming to be the transitional parliament of the Russian Federation or its possible successor. Former State Duma deputy Ilya Ponomarev became the public initiator of the congress. Sessions of the 1st Congress were held on 4–7 November in Jabłonna, Poland.