Battle of Horlivka

Last updated

Battle of Horlivka
Part of the war in Donbas
Damaged apartment building in Gorlivka, Donbass, August 7, 2014.jpg
Damaged building in Horlivka
Date21 July – 6 September 2014
(1 month, 2 weeks and 2 days)
Location
Horlivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
48°18′N38°3′E / 48.300°N 38.050°E / 48.300; 38.050
Result DPR victory
  • Ukrainian forces remain in outskirts of Horlivka
Belligerents
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine

Flag of Russia.svg  Russia

Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg  Donetsk People's Republic
Commanders and leaders
Flag of Ukraine.svg Roman Zasukha

Flag of Russia.svg Sergei Surovikin

Flag of the Donetsk People's Republic.svg Igor Bezler
Flag of the Donetsk People's Republic.svg "Botsman" [1]
Units involved

Ensign of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.svg Armed Forces of Ukraine:

Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg Russian Armed Forces

Flag of Donbass People's Militia.svg Donbas People's Militia:

Strength
≈2,500 ≈3,000
Casualties and losses
Unknown

Ukrainian Reports: 7 Confirmed Dead

DPR Reports: 5 Confirmed Dead
36+ civilians killed [2]

The Battle of Horlivka began when the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) attempted to recapture the city of Horlivka, in Donetsk Oblast, from separatist insurgents affiliated with the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) on 21 July 2014.

Contents

Background

Horlivka is a large city in Donetsk Oblast, north of Donetsk city. Amidst rising unrest across eastern and southern Ukraine, armed men stormed and took control of a police station in Horlivka on 14 April. Soon after this, the men stormed the city administration, and gained effective control over the city for the breakaway Donetsk People's Republic. After DPR forces withdrew from Sloviansk in northern Donetsk Oblast on 5 July, many travelled to Horlivka, which remained under DPR control. [3]

On April 12 at 20:00, the protesters attempted to seize the city's Department of Internal Affairs, they demanded the issue of weapons, but this attempt was stopped by police officers led by the head of the Horlivka police department, Andrei Krishchenko. On April 14, the protesters occupied the city council and raised the flags of Russia and the Donetsk People's Republic, in addition, the activists managed to take control of the Department of Internal Affairs in Horlivka. Part of the Horlivka police force went over to the side of the DPR. On April 30, the city came under the control of the DPR.

After the withdrawal of the DPR forces from Sloviansk in the north of the Donetsk region on July 5, many activists headed for Horlivka, which remained under the control of the DPR.

On June 14, a Su-24 attack aircraft of the Ukrainian Air Force launched an airstrike on the city's ATC, which housed the headquarters of the supporters of the DPR, after which the plane was shot down.

Events

Starting on 21 July, Ukrainian forces made repeated attempts to enter Mayorsk, a suburb of Horlivka. [4] Light skirmishes were reported across the city. [5] A fighter jet from the Air Force of Ukraine was shot down over Horlivka on 23 July, after it attacked DPR positions in the city. [6]

After a lull, fighting resumed in Horlivka on 27 July. [7] Government forces launched an offensive to recapture the city, and said that they had encircled it. They also said that they had destroyed checkpoints manned by DPR insurgents on the outskirts of the city. DPR leaders said that they maintained control over some positions on the city outskirts. Government forces shelled many residential areas in Horlivka, killing at least thirteen people. [8] 27 July has proven to be one of the most tragic in terms of civilian casualties as result of a "Grad" salvo fired at the centre of the town with both sides blaming each other. A spokesman for the government military operation in the Donbas said that DPR forces had fired Grad rockets on civilian areas in an attempt to discredit government forces. [9] DPR commanders in Horlivka said that if government forces did not withdraw from the city, they would kill hostages they had been holding, and also blow-up the city's chemical plants. [10] During the fighting, government forces said they killed at least twenty insurgents, and destroyed eight military vehicles on the outskirts of the city. [11]

On the following day, it was reported that seventeen civilians had been killed during the fighting in Horlivka, and that forty-three had been wounded. [12] Government forces continued to shell DPR positions with Grad rockets and mortars, causing panic amongst residents of the city. Black smoke was seen rising over the city's suburbs. [13] By 29 July, many residential districts in the city had been completely destroyed. [14] DPR commander in Horlivka Igor Bezler, nom de guerre "Demon", left the city amidst the near-constant fighting. [15] Government forces tried to encircle the city again on 31 July. [16] Clashes continued over the following days. At least one civilian died on 3 August, whilst 16 were wounded. [17] By 6 August, at least 250 houses in the city had been left without gas service, and many more houses were simply destroyed. [18] On the following day, an artillery shell struck a bus stop, killing five civilians, and wounding ten more. A power station was also destroyed, leaving much of the city without electricity. [19]

DPR forces blew up a bridge that connected the city centre to northern districts on 6 August. [20] This was an attempt to stop Ukrainian forces from advancing on their positions. Heavy fighting continued into 14 August. [21] Chechen fighters that had been manning posts in the city abandoned them on 16 August. [22] Ukrainian forces said that they had once again encircled Horlivka on 18 August. [23] Despite this, fighting continued. A broad counter-offensive by Russian and DPR forces across the Donbas pushed Ukrainian forces back in many areas over the course of late August. During fighting in Horlivka and nearby Ilovaisk on 27 August, Ukrainian forces said that they killed 200 insurgents. [24]

Despite a ceasefire signed on 5 September, DPR forces said that Ukrainian forces were shelling their positions in Horlivka on 6 September. [25] The ceasefire held, nonetheless.

In 2017, the town established a memorial to victims of the conflict. According to the monument erected, over three days the fighting took the lives of 235 civilians, including 22 children. One of the victims, Kristina Zhuk, who was killed with an infant, was widely described in Russian media as "The Madonna of Gorlovka". [26]

Continued hostilities

On 19 February 2021, fierce battles broke out again near Horlivka. According to the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the pro-Russian separatist forces violated the ceasefire five times and received a harsh response from the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Fighting lasted from the 19th to the 21st of February; multiple casualties were reported on both sides for control of the Western Suburb Region of Mayorsk. The fighters of the 503rd separate battalion of the Marine Corps of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the area of the Yuzhnaya mine and the settlement of Toretsk north of Horlivka, inflicted damage on the enemy with return fire. Ukrainian Armed Forces officer Anatoliy "Shtirlits" Shtefan reported that the Ukrainian military killed seven opponents near Horlivka. According to the DPR, five soldiers were killed from their own ranks. The former commandant of Horlivka, Igor Bezler, said that 20 DPR separatists were killed near Horlivka.

On March 1, 2022, the 95th Air Assault Brigade of the Armed Forces of Ukraine launched a counteroffensive and entered the suburbs of Horlivka, inflicting significant losses on the enemy.[ citation needed ] The brigade managed to take control of the western part of the city, but the Ukrainians did not finally succeed in gaining a foothold due to a Russian counterattack which pushed the Armed Forces of Ukraine out of the western districts of the city, back to the small settlements of Pivdenne and Shyroka Balka.[ citation needed ] Russian Forces continued to stress this region of the frontline with artillery fire throughout the summer however, in October the attacks became less frequent.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Prisoners of 'Demon' in war-torn Ukraine". BBC. 9 August 2014.
  2. ↑ "About 36 people die in Horlivka on July 27–29". Kyiv Post. 30 July 2014.
  3. ↑ "Pro-Kremlin Rebels Flee Stronghold as Ukraine Military Campaign Escalates".
  4. ↑ "Ukrainian government forces enter Horlivka suburb". Kyiv Post. 21 July 2014.
  5. ↑ "Anti-Terrorist Operation: Summary for July 21, 2014".
  6. ↑ "East Ukraine militias shoot down two jets of Ukrainian Air Force". Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 23 July 2014.
  7. ↑ "Ukrainian Forces Battle For Horlivka". Morning Star. 21 July 2014. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  8. ↑ "Fighting rages in Ukraine town; 2 children among 13 dead". CNN. 27 July 2014.
  9. ↑ "АТО: В Горловке боевики устроили кровавый теракт". Украинская правда (in Russian). Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  10. ↑ "Terrorists issue ultimatum in Horlivka". Euromaidan Press . 27 July 2014.
  11. ↑ "ATO Forces Kill 20 Separatists, Destroy 8 Pieces of Equipment Near Horlivka, Donetsk Region". Ukrainian News. 27 July 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  12. ↑ "17 Killed, 43 Wounded Due To Shelling in Horlivka, Donetsk Region on July 28". Archived from the original on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "Savur-Mohyla liberated, Horlivka blocked by ATO forces".
  14. ↑ "Fierce fighting in eastern Ukraine". The Washington Post. 29 July 2014.
  15. ↑ "The Flight of 'The Demon': A Brutal Russian Officer Reportedly Flees His Place in the Ukraine War". Atlantic Council. 28 July 2014. Archived from the original on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  16. ↑ "Ukrainian army intensifies offensive on Donetsk". ITAR-TASS. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014.
  17. ↑ "Civilians die in latest Ukraine offensive". Al Jazeera. 3 August 2014.
  18. ↑ "One killed, four injured in Horlivka shelling - city council". Interfax-Ukraine. 5 August 2014.
  19. ↑ "In Ucraina si torna a sparare: 5 civili morti a Gorlivka". 7 August 2014.
  20. ↑ "Self-Defense Forces Blast Bridge in Horlivka, Ukraine to Stop Kiev Army". RIA Novosti. 6 August 2014.
  21. ↑ "Terrorists Mounting Counter Attacks in Several Directions". Ukrainian News. 14 August 2014. Archived from the original on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  22. ↑ "Clashes in Ukraine as aid agreement reached". Al Jazeera. 16 August 2014.
  23. ↑ "Horlivka fully encircled - Information Resistance". Interfax-Ukraine. 18 August 2014.
  24. ↑ "Breakthrough hopes dented as Ukraine accuses Russia of new incursion". Reuters. 27 August 2014.
  25. ↑ "Kiev Forces Continue Shelling Despite Ceasefire: Donetsk Militia". RIA Novosti. 6 September 2014.
  26. ↑ "В Горловке открыли мемориал погибшим жителям — Викиновости". ru.wikinews.org (in Russian). Retrieved 9 June 2020.
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