Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)

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Masked men at the building of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea during its attack, 27 February 2014 VOA-armed men 01-03-14.jpg
Masked men at the building of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea during its attack, 27 February 2014
Armed men without insignia (so-called "little green men") at Simferopol Airport, 28 February 2014 VOA-Crimea-Simferopol-airport.jpg
Armed men without insignia (so-called "little green men") at Simferopol Airport, 28 February 2014
"Little green men" armed with AK-74Ms blockading Perevalne military base, 25 kilometres south of Simferopol, 9 March 2014 2014-03-09 - Perevalne military base - 0206.JPG
"Little green men" armed with AK-74Ms blockading Perevalne military base, 25 kilometres south of Simferopol, 9 March 2014
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Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Russia's Little Green Men Enter Ukraine: Russian Roulette in Ukraine, Vice News, 4:35; YouTube
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Sneaking Into A Ukrainian Military Base, Vice News, 7:00; YouTube
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Getting Stuck on a Ukrainian Battleship: Russian Roulette in Ukraine, Vice News, 11:50; YouTube
Russian "Polite People" morale patch Nashivka "Vezhlivye liudi" - rossiiskii primera nashivok kategorii "morale patch".jpg
Russian "Polite People" morale patch

The "little green men" (Russian : зелёные человечкиzelyonye chelovechki; Ukrainian : зелені чоловічкиzeleni cholovichky) were Russian soldiers who were masked and wore unmarked uniforms upon the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014. They were active just before and during the Russian annexation of Crimea and carried regular weapons and equipment, but were always masked and wore distinctly unmarked green military fatigues. [1] Russia, which had been denying any involvement in Ukraine prior to the annexation, used these little green men to give it plausible deniability on the international stage.

Contents

Between February and March 2014, these unmarked Russian soldiers occupied and blockaded the Simferopol International Airport, [2] most of Ukraine's Crimean military bases, [3] and the Supreme Council of Crimea. The name has also sometimes been used to refer to Russian troops during the War in Donbas; the Kremlin stated that no Russian troops were active in the region, but many little green men were operating in this region while disguised as pro-Russian separatists. [4] [5]

Russian media referred to them with the euphemism "polite people" (вежливые людиvezhlivye lyudi) [6] [7] due to their well-mannered behaviour, as they kept to themselves and mostly made no effort to interfere with civilian life while also refusing to interact with journalists. [8]

After two months of denial, on 17 April 2014, Russian president Vladimir Putin confirmed that the Russian military had been operating in Ukraine. [9] [10] Furthermore, numerous sources, including Russian state-owned media, have confirmed that the little green men were a mix of operatives from the Special Operations Forces and various other units of the Spetsnaz GRU. It likely also included paratroopers of the 45th Guards Spetsnaz Brigade of the Russian Airborne Forces, [11] [12] [13] as well as mercenaries from the Russian state-funded Wagner Group. [14] [15] While their status as soldiers acting under the orders of the Russian government was continually denied, their nationality was not. Alexander Borodai of the unrecognized Donetsk People's Republic stated that 50,000 Russian citizens had fought in Ukraine's Donbas by August 2015 and argued that they should receive the same benefits as Russia's other war veterans, though he maintained that the Russian government did not send them. [16]

Weapons and equipment analysis

In March 2014, the Finnish magazine Suomen Sotilas (Soldier of Finland) published an analysis of the weapons and equipment seen on photos of "little green men".

The article points to a number of weapons and pieces of equipment that it asserts are issued only to armed forces in the Russian Federation:

The article goes on to conclude that with a very high probability "these troops are the 45th Guards Separate Reconnaissance Regiment of the VDV" based in Kubinka, Moscow. [13]

Other media have published a photo of an unmarked Russian soldier armed with a VSS Vintorez taken as proof of deployment of Russian special forces. [17]

Official Russian reaction

Initially, President of Russia Vladimir Putin stated that the men in green were not part of the Russian Armed Forces, but part of a local militia who had seized weapons from the Ukrainian Army. [18] The SACEUR of NATO Allied Command Operations General Philip Breedlove said that these "green men" were in fact Russian troops. [19]

In March 2014, Putin continued to maintain that there was no pre-planned intervention, [20] [21] but that "the heavily armed, tightly coordinated groups who took over Crimea's airports and ports at the start of the incursion – they were merely spontaneous 'self-defence groups' who may have acquired their Russian-looking uniforms from local [military] shops ( voyentorg )". [22] [23] According to the Ukrainian Association of Gun Owners, Ukrainian law does not allow the selling or carrying of firearms other than for hunting. [24]

On 17 April 2014, President Putin admitted publicly for the first time that Russian special forces were involved in the events of Crimea, for the purposes of protecting local people and creating conditions for a referendum. [25] [9] [10] [26] [27] Later, he admitted that the Russian Armed Forces had blocked the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Crimea during the events. [28]

In response to the question of the presence of Russian troops in Crimea, Russian Minister of Defence Sergey Shoigu said, "Regarding the statements about use of Russian special forces in Ukrainian events, I can only say one thing – it's hard to search for a black cat in a dark room, especially if it's not there," and added cryptically that searching for the cat would be "stupid" if the cat is "intelligent, brave, and polite". [29] [30]

In April 2015, retired Russian Admiral Igor Kasatonov  [ ru ] said that the "little green men" were members of Russian Spetsnaz special forces units. According to his information, Russian troop deployment in Crimea included six helicopter landings and three landings of Ilyushin Il-76 with 500 troops. [31] [32] [33] [34]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian Armed Forces</span> Military forces of the Russian Federation

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military of Russia. It is organized into three service branches—the Ground Forces, Navy, and Aerospace Forces—two independent combat arms, and the Special Operations Forces Command.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian Airborne Forces</span> Separate-troops branch of the Russian Armed Forces

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armed Forces of South Ossetia</span> Military of South Ossetia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russo-Ukrainian War</span> Armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine since 2014

The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia occupied and annexed Crimea from Ukraine and supported pro-Russian separatists fighting the Ukrainian military in the Donbas War. These first eight years of conflict also included naval incidents and cyberwarfare. In February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine and began occupying more of the country, starting the biggest conflict in Europe since World War II. The war has resulted in a refugee crisis and tens of thousands of deaths.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</span>

From the end of February 2014, in the aftermath of the Euromaidan and the Revolution of Dignity, which resulted in the ousting of Russian-leaning Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych, demonstrations by Russian-backed, pro-Russian, and anti-government groups took place in Crimea, Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv and Odesa. The unrest, which was supported by the Russian military and intelligence services, belongs to the early stages of the Russo-Ukrainian War.

The annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation took place in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. On 22–23 February, Russian President Vladimir Putin convened an all-night meeting with security services chiefs to discuss pullout of deposed President, Viktor Yanukovych, and at the end of that meeting Putin remarked that "we must start working on returning Crimea to Russia.". Russia sent in soldiers on February 27, 2014. Crimea held a referendum. According to official Russian and Crimean sources 95% voted to reunite with Russia. The legitimacy of the referendum has been questioned by the international community on both legal and procedural grounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</span> De jure autonomous republic of Ukraine

The Autonomous Republic of Crimea is an administrative division of Ukraine encompassing most of Crimea that was unilaterally annexed by Russia in 2014. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea occupies most of the peninsula, while the City of Sevastopol occupies the rest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea</span> 2014 declaration of Crimean independence and intent to join Russia

The Declaration of Independence of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol was a joint resolution adopted on March 11, 2014 by the Supreme Council of Crimea and the Sevastopol City Council that proclaimed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol a sovereign state — the Republic of Crimea. The decision was taken after unmarked Russian soldiers invaded Ukraine and seized the Crimean parliament.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</span> 2014 annexation of territory

In February and March 2014, Russia invaded the Crimean Peninsula, part of Ukraine, and then annexed it. This took place in the relative power vacuum immediately following the Revolution of Dignity. It marked the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War.

On 18 March 2014, a Ukrainian soldier and a Russian Cossack paramilitary were killed in the first case of bloodshed during the Russo-Ukrainian War and the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Igor Girkin</span> Russian intelligence officer and militant leader

Igor Vsevolodovich Girkin, also known by the alias Igor Ivanovich Strelkov, is a Russian army veteran and former Federal Security Service (FSB) officer who played a key role in the Russian annexation of Crimea, and then in the Donbas War as an organizer of militant groups in the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR). In 2024 he was convicted on charges of inciting extremism. Earlier he received the life sentence in absentia in the Netherlands for his role in downing the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War in Donbas</span> 2014–2022 war between Ukraine and Russia

The war in Donbas, also known as the Donbas war, was a phase of the Russo-Ukrainian War in the Donbas region of Ukraine. The war began in April 2014, when a commando unit headed by Russian citizen Igor Girkin seized Sloviansk in Donetsk oblast. The Ukrainian military launched an operation against them. The war continued until subsumed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donbas Battalion</span> Unit of the National Guard of Ukraine

The 2nd Battalion of Special Assignment "Donbas" is a unit of the National Guard of Ukraine under to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and formerly based in Severodonetsk. Originally created in 2014 as a volunteer unit called the Donbas Battalion by Semen Semenchenko following the Russian occupation of Crimea and possible invasion of continental Ukraine. The unit first formed in the spring of 2014 during the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine. The unit was initially formed as an independent force, but has been since fully integrated into the National Guard as the 2nd Special Purpose Battalion "Donbas" within the 15th Regiment of the National Guard.

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The combatants of the war in Donbas included foreign and domestic forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military history of the Russian Federation</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian invasion of Ukraine</span> Ongoing armed conflict in Eastern Europe

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian occupation of Crimea</span> Military occupation by Russia

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References

  1. ↑ Schreck, Carl (26 February 2019). "From 'Not Us' To 'Why Hide It?': How Russia Denied Its Crimea Invasion, Then Admitted It". rferl.org. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  2. ↑ "Ukraine crisis: 'Russians' occupy Crimea airports". BBC News. 28 February 2014. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  3. ↑ Shevchenko, Vitaly (11 March 2014). ""Little green men" or "Russian invaders"?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  4. ↑ "For now, a tense quiet in Ukraine's east". america.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  5. ↑ Buckley, Neil; Olearchyk, Roman; Jack, Andrew; Hille, Kathrin (16 April 2014). "Ukraine's 'little green men' carefully mask their identity". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022. Locals said that what exactly happened to make Novoazovsk headline news remains unclear, but military experts believe the Russian troops and military hardware may have moved north into rebel-held territory shortly after crossing the border. Some said they saw tanks and other military vehicles stationed about 10 miles outside the city, while others said they saw "green men" such as the ones who appeared in the Crimean Peninsula in late February.
  6. ↑ ""Вежливые люди" из бронзы появились в Симферополе" [(Monument to) "Polite people" made of bronze appeared in Simferopol]. BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). 11 June 2016. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  7. ↑ "Russia Unveils Monument To 'Polite People' Behind Crimean Invasion". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 7 May 2015. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  8. ↑ Oliphant, Roland (2 March 2014). "Ukraine crisis: 'Polite people' leading the silent invasion of the Crimea" . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  9. 1 2 Путин: в Крыму действовали российские военные [Putin: there were Russian military operating in Crimea]. rferl.org (in Russian). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 17 April 2014. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  10. 1 2 Lally, Kathy (17 April 2014). "Putin's remarks raise fears of future moves against Ukraine". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  11. ↑ Synovitz, Ron (4 March 2014). "Russian Forces in Crimea: Who Are They And Where Did They Come From?". rferl.org. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  12. ↑ Reeves, Shane R.; Wallace, David (2015). "The Combatant Status of the "Little Green Men" and Other Participants in the Ukraine Conflict". International Law Studies. 91: 393. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  13. 1 2 Pulkki, Arto (3 March 2014). "Krimillä on Venäjän asevoimien ensilinjan joukkoja" [Crimea has first-line troops of the Russian armed forces]. Suomen Sotilas (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  14. ↑ "Revealed: Russia's 'Secret Syria Mercenaries'". Sky News. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  15. ↑ "Russian Mercenaries in Syria". Warsaw Institute. 22 April 2017. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  16. ↑ "Former Ukraine rebel head starts support group for Russian fighters". Yahoo News (AFP). 27 August 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  17. ↑ Vaux, Pierre (18 May 2015). "Ukraine Presents Russian Sniper Rifle Taken From Captured Soldiers, Will Charge Them With 'Terrorism'". The Interpreter. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2017– via Pressimus.
  18. ↑ "Путін: В Криму діють не війська РФ, а "загони самооборони", які забрали зброю в українців" [Putin: It is not the Russian military that is operating in Crimea, but the "self-defense forces" that took the Ukrainians with their weapons] (in Ukrainian). Espreso TV. 4 March 2014. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  19. ↑ Головнокомандувач НАТО у Європі вважає, що всі воєнізовані формування у Криму є армією РФ [Supreme commander of NATO in Europe believes that all paramilitary forces in Crimea are from the army of the Russian Federation] (in Ukrainian). RBK Ukraine. 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  20. ↑ Fernández, Rodrigo (4 March 2014). "Putin no descarta una intervención si el caos se apodera de Ucrania" [Putin does not rule out intervention if chaos takes hold of Ukraine]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  21. ↑ Kaufmann, Stefan (4 March 2014). "Kommentar: Der Unberechenbare" [Commentary: The Unpredictable]. Handelsblatt (in German). Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  22. ↑ Borger, Julian (4 March 2014). "Putin offers Ukraine olive branches delivered by Russian tanks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  23. ↑ Avril, Pierre (4 March 2014). "Ukraine : Poutine souffle le chaud et le froid" [Ukraine: Putin blows hot and cold]. Le Figaro (in French). Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  24. ↑ Kravchenko, Yevhehia (11 January 2012). Українська асоціація власників зброї: вільні люди носять зброю, раби – ні [Ukrainian Association of Gun Owners: free people carry weapons, slaves don't]. gurt.org.ua (in Ukrainian). GURT Resource Center. Archived from the original on 31 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  25. ↑ Ash, Lucy (29 January 2015). "How Russia outfoxes its enemies". BBC News Online. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  26. ↑ "Direct Line with Vladimir Putin". kremlin.ru . 17 April 2014. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  27. ↑ Gregory, Paul Roderick (5 May 2014). "Putin's 'Human Rights Council' Accidentally Posts Real Crimean Election Results". Forbes . Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  28. ↑ Путин: Украинских военных в Крыму блокировали российские войска [Putin: Ukrainian militia in Crimea were blocked by Russian troops]. liga.net (in Russian). 17 November 2014. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  29. ↑ Skibina, Evgeniya (17 April 2014). Шойгу о 'зеленых человечках' на Украине: глупо искать черную вежливую кошку в темной комнате [Shoygu about the 'green men' in Ukraine: it's foolish to look for a black polite cat in a dark room]. Moskovskij Komsomolets (in Russian). Archived from the original on 25 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  30. ↑ "Kiev's claims over special forces 'resemble paranoia': Russia". Agence France-Presse. 17 May 2014. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015– via Zee News.
  31. ↑ Tambur, Silver, ed. (30 July 2015). "Finland shoring up Åland defenses against 'little green men'". Eesti Rahvusringhääling . Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  32. ↑ Urbanska, Tetyana (22 February 2018). "Operation "Crimea is Ours"". Ukrainian Independent Information Agency . Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  33. ↑ Owuor Otieno, Mark (8 February 2018). "Who Were the Little Green Men?". WorldAtlas. Archived from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  34. ↑ "Российский адмирал объяснил, почему операцию "зеленых человечков" в Крыму прозевала разведка НАТО" [Russian admiral explained why NATO intelligence missed the "green men" operation in Crimea]. ТСН.ua (in Russian). 13 March 2015. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
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