Ready for the Weekend (album)

Last updated

Ready for the Weekend
Calvin Harris - Ready for the Weekend (album).png
Studio album by
Calvin Harris
Released14 August 2009 (2009-08-14)
Recorded2008–2009
StudioEarth's Core (Glasgow)
Genre Dance [1]
Length52:20
Label
Producer Calvin Harris
Calvin Harris chronology
I Created Disco
(2007)		Ready for the Weekend
(2009)		 18 Months
(2012)
Singles from Ready for the Weekend
  1. "I'm Not Alone"
    Released: 6 April 2009
  2. "Ready for the Weekend"
    Released: 9 August 2009
  3. "Flashback"
    Released: 2 November 2009
  4. "You Used to Hold Me"
    Released: 8 February 2010
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic 65/100 [2]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar half.svgStar empty.svg [3]
The Daily Telegraph Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [4]
Dotmusic 7/10 [5]
Evening Standard Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [6]
The Guardian Star full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [7]
The Independent Star full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [8]
musicOMH Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [9]
NME 7/10 [10]
Spin Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [11]
Under the Radar 4/10 [12]

Ready for the Weekend is the second studio album by Scottish musician Calvin Harris, released on 14 August 2009 by Fly Eye and Columbia Records. The album debuted atop the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). It spawned the singles "I'm Not Alone", "Ready for the Weekend", "Flashback" and "You Used to Hold Me".

Contents

Background

Harris had been working on the album since the release of his debut album, I Created Disco , with the first tracks being recorded in 2008. In April 2008, Harris stated that the only existing copy of his then-upcoming album was lost when his laptop was misplaced during the baggage handling problems at the opening of London Heathrow Terminal 5. [13] He later stated on the BBC's Glastonbury Festival 2008 coverage that he got his baggage back including the album within a few days. However, Harris ultimately admitted in April 2009 that this was a lie as the album was not in his luggage at all, and that he hoped that what he said would give him more time to finish recording the album. [14]

"Yeah Yeah Yeah La La La" was used in a Coca-Cola advertisement in mid-2009. [15]

Singles

"I'm Not Alone" was released as the album's lead single on 6 April 2009. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, knocking off Lady Gaga's "Poker Face". [16] It spent two weeks atop the chart, before dropping to number three in its third week. [17] "Ready for the Weekend" was released as the album's second single on 9 August 2009. The song peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart. [18]

"Flashback" was released as the third single from the album on 2 November 2009. The track reached number 18 on the UK Singles Chart. [18] The album's fourth and final single, "You Used to Hold Me", was released on 8 February 2010, peaking at number 27 on the UK chart. [18] An extended version of Harris's 2008 chart-topping collaboration with Dizzee Rascal, "Dance wiv Me", is also included on the album.

Critical reception

The Metacritic score for the album was 65/100. Several reviewers drew on Harris’ comment that he was intending to make a “stadium dance” album and noted the bigger scale and greater sense of a party crowd atmosphere in Ready for The Weekend compared to Harris’ previous album I Created Disco. James McMahon of NME for example referred to the “music-for-the-people philosophy embodied at the core of Harris’ anthem-heavy new record”. [19]

Neil McCormick called the album “big, bold and colourful”, describing how the album’s songs “start out simple and organic” before evolving closer to electronic dance music over the course of the track. McCormick writes about how “The pop genius is in the way these develop and mutate, rather than settling into obvious, dumb grooves”. [20]

Commercial performance

Ready for the Weekend debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, selling 36,308 copies in its first week. [21] The album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 16 October 2009, [22] and by November 2014, it had sold 274,786 copies in the United Kingdom. [23] The album was also successful in Ireland, where it peaked at number six on the Irish Albums Chart. [24] In the United States, it reached number 12 on the Dance/Electronic Albums chart and number 22 on the Heatseekers Albums chart. [25] [26] Ready for the Weekend attained moderate success elsewhere, reaching number 39 in Australia, number 74 in Belgium (Wallonia) and number 139 in France. [27]

Track listing

All tracks are written by Calvin Harris, except where noted

No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."The Rain" 4:36
2."Ready for the Weekend" 3:37
3."Stars Come Out" 4:28
4."You Used to Hold Me" 3:51
5."Blue" 3:41
6."I'm Not Alone" 3:31
7."Flashback" 3:49
8."Worst Day" (featuring Izza Kizza)
  • Harris
  • Izza Kizza
3:46
9."Relax" 3:49
10."Limits" 3:42
11."Burns Night"
  • Harris
  • Mark Irving
2:20
12."Yeah Yeah Yeah La La La" 3:17
13."Dance wiv Me" (Dizzee Rascal featuring Calvin Harris and Chrome)
4:24
14."5iliconeator" 3:29
iTunes Store bonus tracks [28] [29] [30]
No.TitleLength
15."Greatest Fear"6:20
16."I'm Not Alone" (deadmau5 Mix) (France and US only)8:15
17."Ready for the Weekend" (Fake Blood Remix) (France only)5:40
Japanese edition bonus tracks [31]
No.TitleLength
15."Ready for the Weekend" (High Contrast Remix)5:42
16."Ready for the Weekend" (Fake Blood Remix)5:40
17."I'm Not Alone" (Tiësto Remix)6:41
18."I'm Not Alone" (☆Taku Takahashi Remix)5:50

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Ready for the Weekend. [32]

Charts

Certifications

RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA) [43] Gold35,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI) [22] Platinum274,786 [23]

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

RegionDateFormatLabelRef(s)
Australia14 August 2009 Sony [44] [45]
Ireland [46] [47]
United Kingdom17 August 2009
  • CD
  • LP
  • digital download
 [28] [48] [49]
FranceCD
 [50]
United States18 August 2009Digital download Ultra [30]
Japan26 August 2009
  • CD
  • digital download
 Sony [31]
Germany25 September 2009 Ministry of Sound [51]
France5 October 2009Digital download
  • Cinq 7
  • Wagram
 [29]
United States6 October 2009CDUltra [52]
France12 October 2009LP
  • Cinq 7
  • Wagram
 [53]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calvin Harris</span> Scottish DJ and producer (born 1984)

Adam Richard Wiles, known professionally as Calvin Harris, is a Scottish DJ, record producer, singer, and songwriter. His debut studio album, I Created Disco (2007) was preceded by the singles "Acceptable in the 80s" and "The Girls", both of which peaked within the top ten of the UK singles chart. His second album, Ready for the Weekend (2009), debuted atop the UK Albums Chart; its lead single, "I'm Not Alone", became his first song to peak the UK Singles Chart.

<i>I Created Disco</i> 2007 studio album by Calvin Harris

I Created Disco is the debut studio album by Scottish musician Calvin Harris, released on 15 June 2007 by Columbia Records. It was preceded by the singles "Acceptable in the 80s" and "The Girls", which reached numbers 10 and three on the UK Singles Chart, respectively. The album debuted at number eight on the UK Albums Chart with first-week sales of 16,121 copies. On 23 May 2008, it was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). I Created Disco had sold 223,845 copies in the United Kingdom by November 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I'm Not Alone</span> Song by Calvin Harris

"I'm Not Alone" is a song by Scottish recording artist Calvin Harris, released as the lead single from his second studio album, Ready for the Weekend (2009). The track was first played by Pete Tong on BBC Radio 1 as his "essential new tune" on 23 January 2009 and has been described as a slice of euphoric dance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calvin Harris discography</span>

Scottish DJ Calvin Harris has released seven studio albums, one mix album, nine extended plays, 57 singles, 12 promotional singles and 47 music videos. As of November 2014, Harris had sold 8,176,180 singles and tracks in the United Kingdom.

<i>La Roux</i> (album) 2009 studio album by La Roux

La Roux is the debut studio album by English synth-pop duo La Roux, released on 26 June 2009 by Polydor Records. The album peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). It includes the singles "In for the Kill" and "Bulletproof", which reached numbers two and one on the UK Singles Chart, respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ready for the Weekend (song)</span> 2009 single by Calvin Harris

"Ready for the Weekend" is a song by Scottish recording artist Calvin Harris. It features uncredited vocals from British singer Mary Pearce. Written and produced by Harris himself, the song was released on 9 August 2009 as the second single from his second studio album of the same name (2009).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flashback (Calvin Harris song)</span> 2009 single by Calvin Harris

"Flashback" is a song by Scottish musician Calvin Harris from his second studio album, Ready for the Weekend (2009). The song was released in the UK on 2 November 2009 and features Jordanian singer Ayah Marar. Harris and Marar would later work together again on Harris' 2013 single "Thinking About You".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">You Used to Hold Me (Calvin Harris song)</span> 2010 single by Calvin Harris

"You Used to Hold Me" is a song by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris. The song was released on 8 February 2010 as the fourth and final single from his second studio album, Ready for the Weekend. The song marked the last time Harris regularly sang for his songs, as since 2011 he has almost always focused on music production while having guest singers provide the vocals for him.

<i>Aphrodite</i> (Kylie Minogue album) 2010 studio album by Kylie Minogue

Aphrodite is the eleventh studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. It was released on 30 June 2010 by Parlophone. In 2009, Minogue began working with British electronic music producer Stuart Price, who served as the executive producer of the album. The two collaborated with various producers and writers on the album, including Jake Shears, Calvin Harris, Sebastian Ingrosso and Pascal Gabriel. Aphrodite follows a musical approach similar to Minogue's previous albums and is primarily a dance-pop and disco-pop record. It draws influences from various dance-based genres including electropop, club and rave music.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sweet Nothing (Calvin Harris song)</span> 2012 single by Calvin Harris

"Sweet Nothing" is a song by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris from his third studio album, 18 Months (2012). It features vocals from Florence and the Machine singer Florence Welch. Harris previously worked with the band in a remix of their single, "Spectrum" (2012). While recording 18 Months, Harris expressed interest in working with Welch. He mentioned that it was not easy and he had to chase her, due to schedule conflicts. Welch accepted his invitation and the two recorded "Sweet Nothing". The track premiered on The Chris Moyles Show on BBC Radio 1 on 28 August 2012 and was later released as the fifth single from the album on 12 October 2012.

<i>18 Months</i> 2012 studio album by Calvin Harris

18 Months is the third studio album by Scottish DJ and musician Calvin Harris. It was released on 26 October 2012 by Deconstruction, Fly Eye and Columbia Records. It marked Harris's first album where he does not regularly provide vocals on each song, instead producing the music and having guest singers sing for him, as Harris stated in late 2010 he did not intend to sing on his songs anymore. The album also shows a shift from Harris' usual nu disco-style songs, focusing more on an electro house style.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I Need Your Love (Calvin Harris song)</span> 2013 single by Calvin Harris featuring Ellie Goulding

"I Need Your Love" is a song by Scottish producer and DJ Calvin Harris from his third studio album, 18 Months (2012). The song features vocals from English singer Ellie Goulding and was released on 2 April 2013 as the album's seventh single. "I Need Your Love" is also included as a bonus track on Goulding's second studio album, Halcyon (2012). The accompanying music video, directed by Emil Nava, depicts Harris and Goulding as a romantic couple on a trip to Miami.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Summer (Calvin Harris song)</span> 2014 single by Calvin Harris

"Summer" is a song by Scottish DJ and singer Calvin Harris, released on 14 March 2014 as the second single from his fourth studio album, Motion (2014). Like his earlier single "Feel So Close" and his later single "My Way", Harris returns as a vocalist on "Summer". The accompanying music video was directed by Emil Nava and premiered on 6 April 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blame (Calvin Harris song)</span> 2014 single by Calvin Harris ft. John Newman

"Blame" is a song by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris from his fourth studio album, Motion (2014). It was released as the album's third single on 5 September 2014. The song features the vocals of English singer John Newman and is included on the deluxe edition of Newman's second studio album, Revolve. Newman's brother James Newman assisted the artists in writing the song, with Harris serving as the producer.

<i>Motion</i> (Calvin Harris album) 2014 studio album by Calvin Harris

Motion is the fourth studio album by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris, released on 31 October 2014 by Fly Eye and Columbia Records. The album includes collaborations with Ellie Goulding, Gwen Stefani, John Newman, Tinashe, Big Sean, Alesso, R3hab, Ummet Ozcan, Firebeatz, Hurts, Haim and All About She.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Open Wide (song)</span> 2015 single by Calvin Harris featuring Big Sean

"Open Wide" is a song by Scottish DJ and producer Calvin Harris from his fourth studio album, Motion (2014). It features American rapper Big Sean. Originally released a promotional single on 27 October 2014, the song officially impacted rhythmic contemporary radio in the United States on 27 January 2015 as the album's fifth single. "Open Wide" is the vocal version of Harris's instrumental track "C.U.B.A", which appears as a B-side to his single "Blame". It peaked at number 23 in the UK, becoming Harris's first single to miss the top 10 since 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">How Deep Is Your Love (Calvin Harris and Disciples song)</span> 2015 single by Calvin Harris and Disciples

"How Deep Is Your Love" is a song by British DJ and record producer Calvin Harris and British production trio Disciples. It was released on 17 July 2015 and included on Harris' seventh studio album, 96 Months (2024). It features uncredited vocals by Norwegian singer and songwriter Ina Wroldsen. The single received generally positive reviews, and was commercially successful, reaching the top ten in 22 countries, including number two on the UK Singles Chart and number one in Australia, Belgium, Greece, the Netherlands and Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dance wiv Me</span> 2008 single by Dizzee Rascal

"Dance wiv Me" is a single by British rapper Dizzee Rascal, from his fourth studio album, Tongue n' Cheek. It was released on 30 June 2008 and features guest vocals from British DJ Calvin Harris and British R&B singer Chrome. The extended mix of the song also appears on Harris' second studio album, Ready for the Weekend.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">This Is What You Came For</span> 2016 single by Calvin Harris featuring Rihanna

"This Is What You Came For" is a song by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris featuring Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on 29 April 2016, through Columbia Records and Westbury Road and included on Harris' seventh studio album, 96 Months (2024). American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, initially credited with the pseudonym Nils Sjöberg, wrote the song; Harris then produced with Kuk Harrell. Rihanna and Harris had previously collaborated on her sixth studio album, Talk That Talk, which included the international chart-topper "We Found Love" and US top five single "Where Have You Been", the former of which was written and produced by Harris. He played the final version for Rihanna at the 2016 Coachella Music Festival. It was also played at the 2018 FIFA World Cup Final after the conclusion of the match.

<i>Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1</i> 2017 studio album by Calvin Harris

Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1 is the fifth studio album by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris. It was released on 30 June 2017 by Columbia Records. The album features guest appearances by Frank Ocean, Migos, Schoolboy Q, PartyNextDoor, DRAM, Young Thug, Pharrell Williams, Ariana Grande, Future, Khalid, Travis Scott, Snoop Dogg, John Legend, Nicki Minaj, Katy Perry, Big Sean, Kehlani, Lil Yachty, and Jessie Reyez, as well as prominent writing contributions from Starrah. It is also Harris' first album not to feature his vocals.

References

  1. ↑ Haider, Arwa (17 August 2009). "Calvin proves he's here to stay". Metro . Retrieved 17 August 2009.
  2. ↑ "Ready for the Weekend by Calvin Harris Reviews and Tracks". Metacritic . Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  3. ↑ Bush, John. "Ready for the Weekend – Calvin Harris". AllMusic . Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  4. ↑ McCormick, Neil (6 August 2009). "Calvin Harris: Ready for the Weekend, pop CD of the week". The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
  5. ↑ Gill, Jaime (17 August 2009). "Calvin Harris - Ready For The Weekend". Dotmusic . Archived from the original on 19 September 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  6. ↑ Smyth, David (14 August 2009). "CDs of the week". Evening Standard . Archived from the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  7. ↑ Petridis, Alexis (7 August 2009). "Calvin Harris: Ready for the Weekend". The Guardian . Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  8. ↑ Gill, Andy (21 August 2009). "Album: Calvin Harris, Ready for the Weekend (Columbia)". The Independent . Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  9. ↑ Urdang, Ben. "Calvin Harris – Ready for the Weekend". musicOMH . Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  10. ↑ McMahon, James (25 August 2009). "Album review : Calvin Harris – 'Ready for the Weekend'". NME . Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  11. ↑ Walter, Barry (December 2009). "Reviews [Albums]". Spin . p. 75. ISSN   0886-3032.
  12. ↑ Ultimately, this is one party you might want to sit out. [Fall 2009, p.74]
  13. ↑ "DJ loses album in baggage backlog". BBC News . 4 April 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  14. ↑ Robinson, Peter (21 April 2009). "Calvin Harris interview". Popjustice . Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  15. ↑ Sweney, Mark (7 May 2009). "Calvin Harris soundtracks Coca-Cola ad". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  16. ↑ Jones, Alan (14 April 2009). "GaGa edges it in albums chart". Music Week . Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  17. ↑ Williams, Paul (27 April 2009). "Number One is number one". Music Week. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  18. 1 2 3 "Calvin Harris". Official Charts Company . Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  19. ↑ McMahon, James (25 August 2009). "Album review : Calvin Harris – 'Ready for the Weekend'". NME . Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  20. ↑ McCormick, Neil (6 August 2009). "Calvin Harris: Ready for the Weekend, pop CD of the week". The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
  21. ↑ "Dance dominates charts with Harris and Guetta at the peak". Music Week. 24 August 2009. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  22. 1 2 "British album certifications – Calvin Harris – Ready for the Weekend". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  23. 1 2 Jones, Alan (10 November 2014). "Official Charts analysis: Ed Sheeran pips Calvin Harris to No.1 on albums" . Music Week. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  24. 1 2 "Irish-charts.com – Discography Calvin Harris". Hung Medien. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  25. 1 2 "Calvin Harris Chart History (Top Dance/Electronic Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  26. 1 2 "Calvin Harris Chart History (Heatseekers Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  27. 1 2 "Ultratop.be – Calvin Harris – Ready for the Weekend" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  28. 1 2 "Ready for the Weekend by Calvin Harris". iTunes Store . United Kingdom. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  29. 1 2 "Ready for the Weekend (Deluxe Edition) par Calvin Harris". iTunes Store (in French). France. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  30. 1 2 "Ready for the Weekend (Bonus Track Version) by Calvin Harris". iTunes Store. United States. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  31. 1 2 レディー・フォー・ザ・ウィークエンド [Ready for the Weekend] (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment Japan . Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  32. ↑ Ready for the Weekend (liner notes). Calvin Harris. Columbia Records. 2009. 88697571912.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  33. ↑ "Australiancharts.com – Calvin Harris – Ready for the Weekend". Hung Medien. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  34. ↑ "ARIA Dance – Week Commencing 24th August 2009" (PDF). The ARIA Report (1017): 18. 24 August 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2012– via National Library of Australia.
  35. ↑ "Calvin Harris – Ready for the Weekend" (in Dutch). Ultratop . Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  36. ↑ "Hits of the World". Billboard. Vol. 121, no. 35. 5 September 2009. p. 63. ISSN   0006-2510 – via Google Books.
  37. ↑ "Lescharts.com – Calvin Harris – Ready for the Weekend". Hung Medien. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  38. ↑ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  39. ↑ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  40. ↑ "Official Dance Albums Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  41. ↑ "ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 50 Dance Albums 2009". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  42. ↑ "End of Year Album Chart Top 100 – 2009". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  43. ↑ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2019 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association . Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  44. ↑ "Ready for the Weekend". JB Hi-Fi. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  45. ↑ "Ready For The Weekend (2009) | Calvin Harris". zdigital . Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  46. ↑ "Ready for the Weekend – Calvin Harris (CD)". HMV Ireland. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  47. ↑ "Ready For The Weekend (2009) | Calvin Harris". 7digital . Ireland. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  48. ↑ "Calvin Harris: Ready for the Weekend". HMV. Archived from the original on 3 November 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  49. ↑ "Ready for the Weekend [VINYL]". Amazon UK. United Kingdom. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  50. ↑ "Ready for the weekend – Calvin Harris – CD album" (in French). Fnac . Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  51. ↑ "Ready for the Weekend (Bonus Track Version) by Calvin Harris". iTunes Store. Germany. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  52. ↑ "Calvin Harris: Ready for the Weekend". Amazon. United States. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  53. ↑ "Ready for the weekend – Calvin Harris – Vinyl album" (in French). Fnac. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.