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Retama | |
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White flowers of Retama rhodorhizoides | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Fabaceae |
Subfamily: | Faboideae |
Clade: | Core Genistoids |
Tribe: | Genisteae |
Genus: | Retama Raf. |
Species | |
4–14; see text. | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Retama (also known as rotem, Hebrew : רותם) is a genus of flowering bushes in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the broom tribe, Genisteae. [2] Retama broom bushes are found natively in North Africa, the Levant and some parts of southern Europe. Retama raetam and Retama monosperma have white flowers, while Retama sphaerocarpa has yellow flowers. It remains an open question in taxonomy whether the members of the genus Retama should be incorporated into the genus Genista (see Genisteae).
The species contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid.
In the Spanish language the name retama is commonly used for broom bushes in general, including the genus Retama.
The genus Retama was erected in 1838 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, the genus name being derived from the Arabic name. Rafinesque noted that the genus had been included in other genera, including Spartium , Cytisus and Genista , but he regarded it as distinct. [3]
The name Lygos was once used for Retama; [4] [5] [6] it is now a rejected name (nomen rejiciendum) in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. [7] Michel Adanson described and classified the genus referencing to the Greek plant "lygos" and to Pedanius Dioscorides. [8] In the ancient Greek language, lygos (λύγος) was the name of the plant Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) [9] or willow or other plants with pliant twigs. [10] The same word (in some cases Latinized as Lygus) was used in botany and zoology for various taxonomic groups as a component of names, e.g. Lygodysodea, Lygisyum, Lygistum, Lygodesmia etc. [11] [12]
Retama is traditionally placed in the tribe Genisteae, and in the subfamily Papilionoideae in the 2017 classification of the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae).
The number of species in the genus and their circumscription varies. As of September 2023 [update] , Plants of the World Online, based on the African Plant Database, accepted the following species: [1]
R. rhodorhizoides is included in R. monosperma by some sources, [13] and has been identified as R. raetam by others. [14] When recognized as a separate species, it is restricted to the Canary Islands. [15]
Retama may be mentioned in the Bible, in I Kings 19:4, Psalms 120:4, and Job 30:4, under the name rotem (Heb. רוֹתֶם/רֹתֶם). According to multiple Jewish biblical commentators, Retama is used in the Bible as a symbol of slander, as, when burnt, its embers will remain hot long after they turn black. [16] [17] However, this translation is contested, with other commentators translating the word as "juniper". [18] [16] [19]
Trillium is a genus of about fifty flowering plant species in the family Melanthiaceae. Trillium species are native to temperate regions of North America and Asia, with the greatest diversity of species found in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States.
Cytisus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, native to open sites in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and is one of several genera in the tribe Genisteae which are commonly called brooms. They are shrubs producing masses of brightly coloured, pea-like flowers, often highly fragrant. Members of the segregate genera Calicotome, Chamaecytisus, and Lembotropis are sometimes included in Cytisus.
Genista is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, native to open habitats such as moorland and pasture in Europe and western Asia. They include species commonly called broom, though the term may also refer to other genera, including Cytisus and Chamaecytisus. Brooms in other genera are sometimes considered synonymous with Genista: Echinospartum, Retama, Spartium, Stauracanthus, and Ulex.
Clintonia is a genus of flowering plants in the lily family Liliaceae. Plants of the genus are distributed across the temperate regions of North America and eastern Asia, in the mesic understory of deciduous or coniferous forests. The genus, first described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1818, was named for DeWitt Clinton (1769–1828), a naturalist and politician from the U.S. state of New York. For this reason, plants of the genus are commonly known as Clinton's lily. The common name bluebead refer to the distinctive fruit of members of the genus. Since fruit color varies somewhat across species, the common name bead lily is used as well.
Lotus, a latinization of Greek lōtos, is a genus of flowering plants that includes most bird's-foot trefoils and deervetches and contains many dozens of species distributed in the eastern hemisphere, including Africa, Europe, western, southern, and eastern Asia, and Australia and New Guinea. Depending on the taxonomic authority, roughly between 70 and 150 are accepted. Lotus is a genus of legumes and its members are adapted to a wide range of habitats, from coastal environments to high elevations.
Spartium junceum, known as Spanish broom, rush broom, or weaver's broom, it is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and the sole species in the genus Spartium. It is closely related to the other brooms.
Echium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae that contains about 70 species and several subspecies.
Baptisia is a genus in the legume family, Fabaceae. They are flowering herbaceous perennial plants with pea-like flowers, followed by pods, which are sometimes inflated. They are native to woodland and grassland in eastern and southern North America. The species most commonly found in cultivation is B. australis.
Micromeria is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, widespread across Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America, with a center of diversity in the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands. It is sometimes placed within the genus Satureja. The name is derived from the Greek words μῑκρος (mīkros), meaning "small," and μερίς (meris), meaning "portion," referring to the leaves and flowers. Common names include savory and whitweed.
Adenocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. The plants are broom-like shrubs with bright yellow flowers. The genus is native to the Mediterranean Basin and sub-Saharan Africa, but finds its highest diversity in Northwest Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.
Retama monosperma, the bridal broom or bridal veil broom, is a flowering bush species in the genus Retama, native to the western Mediterranean Basin.
Retama rhodorhizoides is a species or subspecies of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, endemic to the Canary Islands.
Genisteae is a tribe of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in the subfamily Faboideae of the family Fabaceae. It includes a number of well-known plants including broom, lupine (lupin), gorse and laburnum.
Rivasgodaya is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the legume family, Fabaceae. It just contains one species, Rivasgodaya nervosa.
Retama raetam is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to northern Africa from the Western Sahara to Sudan, Sicily, Israel, Sinai Peninsula, the Palestine region and Saudi Arabia, and widely naturalized elsewhere.
Genista lydia, Lydian broom, dwarf broom, or common woadwaxen, is a species in the genus Genista, native to the Balkans, Turkey and Syria. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Genista sagittalis, called the arrow-jointed broom and winged broom, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Genista, native to central and southern Europe, Ukraine, and Anatolia. Its subspecies Genista sagittalis subsp. delphinensis, called rock broom, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Cytisus oromediterraneus, the Pyrenean broom, is a shrub species that belongs to the family Fabaceae.
Genista florida is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Fabaceae.