Spartium

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Spartium
Spartium junceum (habitus).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Genisteae
Genus: Spartium
L.
Species:
S. junceum
Binomial name
Spartium junceum
L.
Synonyms

Genus:

  • SpartianthusLink

Species:

  • Cytisus junceus(L.) Vuk.
  • Genista acutifoliaSpach
  • Genista AmericanaSpach
  • Genista hispanicaGarsault
  • Genista juncea(L.) Scop.
  • Genista odorataMoench
  • Genista odoratissimaSpach
  • Spartanthus americanusSteud.
  • Spartanthus junceusLink
  • Spartium acutifoliumLindl.
  • Spartium americanumMeyen
  • Spartium japonicumMiq.
  • Spartium odoratissimumD.Don ex Steud.
  • Spartium odoratumDulac

Spartium junceum, known as Spanish broom, [1] rush broom, or weaver's broom, [2] it is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and the sole species in the genus Spartium. [3] [4] [5] It is closely related to the other brooms (in the genera Cytisus and Genista ).

Contents

Description

Spartium junceum is a vigorous, deciduous shrub growing to 2–4 metres (7–13 feet) tall, rarely 5 m (16 ft), with main stems up to 5 centimetres (2 inches) thick, rarely 10 cm (4 in). It has thick, somewhat succulent grey-green rush-like shoots with very sparse small deciduous leaves 1 to 3 cm (12 to 1+14 in) long and up to 4 millimetres (18 in) broad. The leaves are of little importance to the plant, with much of the photosynthesis occurring in the green shoots (a water-conserving strategy in its dry climate). The leaves fall away early. [6] In late spring and summer shoots are covered in profuse fragrant yellow pea-like flowers 1 to 2 cm across. In late summer, the legumes (seed pods) mature black and reach 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long. They burst open, often with an audible crack, spreading seed from the parent plant.

Taxonomy

The Greek name Spartium given to the genus denotes the use of the plant for 'cordage'. [7] The Latin specific epithet junceum means "rush-like", referring to the shoots, which show a passing resemblance to those of the rush genus Juncus . [8]

Distribution and habitat

This species is native to the Mediterranean in southern Europe, southwest Asia and northwest Africa, [9] where it is found in sunny sites, usually on dry, sandy soils.

As an invasive species

Spartium junceum has been widely introduced into other areas, and is regarded as a noxious invasive species in places with a Mediterranean climate such as California and Oregon, Hawaii, central Chile, southeastern Australia, [10] the Western Cape in South Africa and the Canary Islands and Azores. [9] [11] It was first introduced to California as an ornamental plant. [11] [12]

Uses

The plant is used as an ornamental plant in gardens and in landscape plantings. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [2] [13]

In Bolivia and Peru, the plant is known as retama, [9] (not to be confused with the genus Retama ) and has become very well established in some areas. It is one of the most common ornamental plants, often seen growing along sidewalks in La Paz.[ citation needed ]

Retama has made its way into the ethnobotany of the indigenous Aymara and Quechua cultures.[ citation needed ]

The plant is also used as a flavoring, and for its essential oil, known as genet absolute. [9] [14] Its fibers have been used for cloth and it produces a yellow dye. [14] [15]

Related Research Articles

<i>Laburnum</i> Genus of plants

Laburnum, sometimes called golden chain or golden rain, is a genus of two species of small trees in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. The species are Laburnum anagyroidescommon laburnum and Laburnum alpinumalpine laburnum. They are native to the mountains of southern Europe from France to the Balkans.

<i>Retama</i> Genus of legumes

Retama is a genus of flowering bushes in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the broom tribe, Genisteae. Retama broom bushes are found natively in North Africa, the Levant and some parts of southern Europe. Retama raetam and Retama monosperma have white flowers, while Retama sphaerocarpa has yellow flowers. It remains an open question in taxonomy whether the members of the genus Retama should be incorporated into the genus Genista.

<i>Petteria</i> Genus of legumes

Petteria ramentacea, commonly known as Dalmatian laburnum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a deciduous shrub native to the western Balkan Peninsula, including Greece, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It grows up to 3 meters tall, and flowers in May. It grow in shrubland and scrub from 10 to 700 meters elevation, in both sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean habitats. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It is the only member of the genus Petteria.

<i>Argyrocytisus</i> Genus of legumes

Argyrocytisus battandieri, the pineapple broom or Moroccan broom is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It is the only member of the genus Argyrocytisus.

<i>Ulex</i> Genus of flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae

Ulex is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. The genus comprises about 20 species of thorny evergreen shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. The species are native to parts of western Europe and northwest Africa, with the majority of species in Iberia.

<i>Virgilia</i> (plant) Genus of legumes

Virgilia is a genus of Southern African trees in the family Fabaceae that is known for its very fast growth and a tendency to fall over as it matures. The common name in South Africa is keurboom, meaning 'choice tree'. Valued as useful ornamental trees by gardeners, the genus's two species are also known as tree-in-a-hurry, cape lilac, blossom tree and pink blossom tree.

<i>Viminaria</i> Genus of plants

Viminaria juncea is the single species in the genus Viminaria endemic to Australia. The genus is in the pea family Fabaceae. It is colloquially known as native broom after its resemblance to the related European broom plants. The Noongar peoples know the plant as koweda.

<i>Aotus</i> (plant) Genus of legumes

Aotus is an Australian genus of flowering plants, within the legume family Fabaceae. Aotus species, together with other species of the tribe Mirbelieae, are often called golden peas because of their distinctive small yellow flowers. They are endemic to Australia, occurring in all states except the Northern Territory. Aotus are evergreen species. Some are widely cultivated by gardeners for their ornamental value.

<i>Camoensia</i> (plant) Genus of legumes

Camoensia is a genus of 2 species of lianas in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, native to the Gulf of Guinea, Africa. C. scandens is cultivated as an ornamental plant; it has one of the largest leguminous flowers, up to 20 cm across. The genus has classically been assigned to the tribe Sophoreae, but was recently assigned to its own monophyletic tribe, Camoensieae, on the basis of molecular phylogenetic evidence. Species of Camoensia are known to produce quinolizidine alkaloids, consistent with their placement in the genistoid clade.

<i>Acer ginnala</i> Species of plant

Acer ginnala, the Amur maple, is a plant species with woody stems native to northeastern Asia from easternmost Mongolia east to Korea and Japan, and north to the Russian Far East in the Amur River valley. It is a small maple with deciduous leaves that is sometimes grown as a garden subject or boulevard tree.

<i>Baptisia</i> Genus of legumes

Baptisia is a genus in the legume family, Fabaceae. They are flowering herbaceous perennial plants with pea-like flowers, followed by pods, which are sometimes inflated. They are native to woodland and grassland in eastern and southern North America. The species most commonly found in cultivation is B. australis.

<i>Psorothamnus</i> Genus of legumes

Psorothamnus is a genus of plants in the legume family. These are shrubs and small trees. Many are known by the general common name indigo bush. Some are referred to as daleas, as this genus was once included in genus Dalea. These are generally thorny, thickly branched, strongly scented bushes. Most species bear lupinlike raceme inflorescences of bright purple legume flowers and gland-rich pods. Psorothamnus species are native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The genus is paraphyletic and it has been proposed that the genus Psorodendron be reinstated to accommodate sections Xylodalea, Capnodendron, and Winnemucca.

<i>Sorbaria sorbifolia</i> Species of plant in the family Rosaceae

Sorbaria sorbifolia, the false spiraea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. The common name is also spelled false spirea. Other common names include false goat's beard, sorb-leaved schizonotus, Ural false spirea, and in Chinese: 珍珠梅; pinyin: zhen zhu mei; lit. 'pearl plum'.

<i>Barklya</i> Genus of legumes

Barklya is a genus of Australian trees in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Cercidoideae. The sole species is Barklya syringifolia, commonly known as golden crown or golden glory. It grows in rainforest to 20 metres tall. Recorded from Queensland and New South Wales in rain forest. It is often used as an ornamental.

<i>Adenocarpus</i> Genus of legumes

Adenocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. The plants are broom-like shrubs with bright yellow flowers. The genus is native to the Mediterranean Basin and sub-Saharan Africa, but finds its highest diversity in Northwest Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.

<i>Bolusanthus</i> Genus of legumes

Bolusanthus speciosus is a species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It is the only member of the genus Bolusanthus.

<i>Piptanthus</i> Genus of legumes

Piptanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes two species of shrubs native to the Himalayas, Tibet, Myanmar, and western China. They grow in montane grassland, thicket, and forest margins.

<i>Salix eleagnos</i> Species of flowering plant

Salix eleagnos the bitter willow, olive willow, hoary willow, rosemary willow, or elaeagnus willow, is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae, native to central and southern Europe and south west Asia. Growing to 3 m (10 ft) tall by 5 m (16 ft) broad, it is an erect bushy deciduous shrub with narrow grey-green leaves up to 20 cm (8 in) long, which turn yellow in autumn (fall). The green catkins, 3–6 cm (1–2 in) long, appear with the leaves in spring, male catkins having yellow anthers.

<i>Cytisus nigricans</i> Species of legume

Cytisus nigricans, the black broom, is a species of flowering plant in the subfamily Faboideae of the family Fabaceae. Growing 3–5 ft (0.91–1.52 m) tall, it is a slender deciduous shrub with erect branches. Masses of brilliant yellow, slightly fragrant pea-like flowers appear in long racemes on the current year's growth in summer and early autumn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Genisteae</span> Tribe of legumes

Genisteae is a tribe of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in the subfamily Faboideae of the family Fabaceae. It includes a number of well-known plants including broom, lupine (lupin), gorse and laburnum.

References

  1. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Spartium junceum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  2. 1 2 "RHS Plant Selector - Spartium junceum" . Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  3. "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Spartium". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  4. USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Spartium". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  5. "The Plant List entry for Spartium". The Plant List . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  6. Jepson Manual Treatment
  7. "A Modern Herbal | Broom, Spanish". www.botanical.com. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
  8. A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley in association with the Royal Horticultural Society. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN   978-1405332965.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Spartium junceum". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  10. "The NSW Government WeedWise Resource from the Department of Primary Industries".
  11. 1 2 US Forest Service Fire Ecology
  12. Element Stewardship: S. junceum
  13. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 99. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  14. 1 2 FAO
  15. botanical.com