Rhinella

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Rhinella
Bufo marinus from Australia.JPG
Cane toad (Rhinella marina)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Rhinella
Fitzinger, 1826
Type species
Rhinella proboscidea
Spix, 1824
Species

95 species; see table

Synonyms
  • ChaunusWagler, 1828
  • RhamphophryneTrueb, 1971

Rhinella, commonly known as South American toads, beaked toads or Rio Viejo toads, is a genus of true toads native to Neotropical parts of Mexico, Central and South America. Additionally, the cane toad has been Introduced to Australia, the Caribbean, the Philippines and elsewhere.

Contents

Originally, all species of the genus Rhinella were included in the genus Bufo , then they were split into the genera Chaunus and Rhamphophryne. However, Chaunus and Rhamphophryne are now considered synonyms of Rhinella. [1]

Etymology

Species

There are about 94 living species recognised in the genus Rhinella: [6]

ImageBinomial name and authorCommon nameDistribution
Bufo abei02a.jpg Rhinella abei (Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004)southeastern Brazil (eastern Paraná, eastern Santa Catarina and northern Rio Grande do Sul)
Bufo achalensis.jpg Rhinella achalensis (Cei, 1972)Cordoba toadnorthern Argentina (Córdoba and San Luis provinces)
Bufo achavali01.jpg Rhinella achavali (Maneyro, Arrieta, & de Sá, 2004)Uruguay and southernmost Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
Rhinella acrolopha (Trueb, 1971)Cerro Mali beaked toadSerranía del Darién in eastern Panama
Rhinella acutirostris (Spix, 1824)Brazil, Colombia, Panama and Venezuela
Leaflitter toad Rhinella alata.jpg Rhinella alata (Thominot, 1884)Western Panama through Chocoan western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador
Rhinella amabilis (Pramuk and Kadivar, 2003)Loja Province, Ecuador
Rhinella angeli (Rojas, Peña, Ávila, Carvalho, Perez, Farias, Gordo & Hrbek, 2022)Peru
Rhinella amboroensis (Harvey & Smith, 1993)Cochabamba toadBolivia (Cochabamba Department)
Rhinella arborescandens (Duellman & Schulte, 1992)Mendoza Pass toadPeru (Mendoza, northern Cordillera Central, in the Amazonas Region)
Bufo arenarum01.jpg Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867)Common toad; Argentine toadArgentina from the Chubut Province northward, Bolivia east of the Andes
Rhinella arequipensis (Vellard, 1959)Rio Chili toadPeru
Rhinella arunco.JPG Rhinella arunco (Molina, 1782)Arunco; Concepcion toadChile
Rhinella atacamensis (Cei, 1962)Vallenar toad; Atacama toadChile between Paposo (Antofagasta Region) and Las Chilcas (Valparaíso Region)
Rhinella azarai (Gallardo, 1965)Paraguay
Rhinella beebei.jpg Rhinella beebei (Gallardo, 1965)Rivero's ToadColombia east of the Andes and Venezuela north of the Orinoco to French Guiana; Trinidad
Rhinella bergi (Céspedez, 2000)Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay
Rhinella bernardoi Sanabria, Quiroga, Arias, and Cortez, 2010Argentina
Rhinella casconi Roberto, Brito, and Thomé, 2014Brazil (Ceará)
Rhinella castaneotica (Caldwell, 1991)Para toadBolivia (Pando), Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, and Rondônia), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, and Putumayo) and eastern Peru
Rhinella centralis Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009Panama (Chiriquí)
Rhinella ceratophrys (Boulenger, 1882)Horned toadColombia, southern Venezuela (Cerro Neblina and Cerro Marahuaca), eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru (Loreto), Brazil
Rhinella cerradensis.jpg Rhinella cerradensis Maciel, Brandão, Campos, and Sebben, 2007Brazil (Piauí, Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal), Argentina (Corrientes)
Rhinella chavin (Lehr, Köhler, Aguilar & Ponce, 2001)Peru (Huánuco)
Rhinella chrysophora (McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1989)Rio Viejo toadHonduras
Rhinella chullachaki (Castillo-Urbina, Glaw, Aguilar-Puntriano, Vences, and Köhler 2021)Peru (Huánuco)
Rhinella cristinae (Vélez-Rodriguez & Ruiz-Carranza, 2002)Colombia(La Pedrera, Amazonas Province)
Rhinella crucifer IRDias 2014 (cropped).jpg Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)Striped toadeastern Brazil between the states of Ceará in the north and Rio de Janeiro
Rhinella dapsilis.jpg Rhinella dapsilis (Myers & Carvalho, 1945)Bom Jardim toadBrazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
Rococo Toad (Rhinella schneideri) (27958803304).jpg Rhinella diptycha (Cope, 1862)Cope's toad; cururu toadArgentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, eastern Bolivia, and eastern and southern Brazil
Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841)Dorbigny's toadnortheastern Argentina, Uruguay and southeastern Brazil
Rhinella exostosica Ferrão, Lima, Ron, dos Santos & Hanken, 2020 [7] Bolivia (Beni and Pando Departments), Brazil (Rondônia) and Peru (Departments of Ucayali and Madre de Dios)
Bufo fernandezae02.jpg Rhinella fernandezae (Gallardo, 1957)Bella Vista toadArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay
Rhinella festae.jpg Rhinella festae (Peracca, 1904)Valle Santiago beaked toadEcuador and Peru
Rhinella fissipes (Boulenger, 1903)Carabaya toadBolivia and Peru
Rhinella gallardoi (Carrizo, 1992)Gallardo's toadArgentina
Rhinella gildae Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Bastos, and Pombal, 2015Brazil
Rhinella gnustae (Gallardo, 1967)Rio Grande toadArgentina
Bufo granulosus01d.jpg Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824)Common lesser toadBrazil
Rhinella henseli (Lutz, 1934)Brazil
Rhinella hoogmoedi (Caramaschi & Pombal, 2006) (10358995114).jpg Rhinella hoogmoedi (Caramaschi & Pombal, 2006)Brazil
Rhinella horribilis.jpg Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833)Cane toadnorth-western South America
Rhinella humboldti (Gallardo, 1965)Rivero's toadColombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas
Bufo ictericus01.jpg Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824)Yellow Cururu toadnortheastern Argentina (Misiones Province), southern Brazil and eastern Paraguay
Rhinella inca (Stejneger, 1913)Inca toadPeru
Rhinella inopina Vaz-Silva, Valdujo, and Pombal, 2012Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil
Rhinella iserni (Jiménez de la Espada, 1875)Rio Perene toadPeru
Instituto Butantan 2016 034 - "Cururu" toad.jpg Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002)Cururu toadBrazil (between Bujaru in northeastern Pará and Maranhão in the north, south to Bahia and Vitória, Espírito Santo)
Rhinella justinianoi (Harvey & Smith, 1994)El Chape toadBolivia
Rhinella kuka (Köhler, Vences, Padial, Plewnia & Lötters 2023)Bolivia
Rhinella leptoscelis (Boulenger, 1912)Peru
Crested Toad (Rhinella lescurei) (38639489255).jpg Rhinella lescurei Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc and Velez-Rodriguez, 2007French Guiana, Suriname
Rhinella lilyrodriguezae.jpg Rhinella lilyrodriguezae Cusi, Moravec, Lehr, and Gvoždík, 2017Lily Rodriguez's beaked toadPeru
Rhinella limensis (Werner, 1901)Peru Coast toadPeru
Rhinella lindae (Rivero & Castaño, 1990)Murri beaked toadColombia
† Rhinella loba Pérez-Ben, Gómez & Báez, 2019 [8] Argentina
Rhinella macrorhina.jpg Rhinella macrorhina (Trueb, 1971)Santa Rita beaked toadColombia
Rhinella magnussoni Lima, Menin, and Araújo, 2007Brazil
Rhinella major (Müller and Hellmich, 1936)Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia and in Brazil
Bufo manu.jpg Rhinella manu Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp, 2007Peru
Mitred Toad (Rhinella margaritifera) male (10595988513).jpg Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti, 1768)South American common toadPanama, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela
Bufo marinus (2719074003).jpg Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)Cane toadSouth and mainland Central America
Rhinella martyi.jpg Rhinella martyi Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc and Velez-Rodriguez, 2007Suriname
Rhinella merianae (Gallardo, 1965)Venezuela (Bolívar), Suriname, Guyana, Brazil
Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca Luis Felipe Carvalho de Lima (07).jpg Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965)Brazil(Bahia, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, and Piaui), Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
Rhinella multiverrucosa (Lehr, Pramuk & Lundberg, 2005)Peru (Pasco)
Rhinella nattereri (Bokermann, 1967)Venezuela (Bolivar), Guyana
Rhinella nesiotes (Duellman & Toft, 1979)Laguna toadPeru
Rhinella nicefori (Cochran & Goin, 1970)Colombian beaked toadColombia (Antioquia)
Rhinella ocellata (Günther, 1858)Ocellated toadBrazil
Rhinella ornata 02.jpg Rhinella ornata Spix, 1824Brazil
Rhinella paraguas Grant and Bolívar-Garcías, 2014Colombia (Chocó)
Rhinella paraguayensis Ávila, Pansonato, and Strüssmann, 2010Paraguay
Rhinella parecis Ávila, Morais, Perez, Pansonato, Carvalho, Rojas, Gordo & Farias, 2020Brazil
Rhinella pleuroptera Schmidt, 1857Peru
Bufo poeppigii02.jpg Rhinella poeppigii (Tschudi, 1845)Gray toadEcuador, Peru and Bolivia
Bufo proboscideus02.jpg Rhinella proboscidea (Spix, 1824)Beaked toadBrazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
Rhinella pygmaea (Myers & Carvalho, 1952)Rio Parahyba toadBrazil
Rhinella quechua (Gallardo, 1961)Incachaca toadBolivia
Rhinella roqueana 32302817.jpg Rhinella roqueana (Melin, 1941)northern Peru, eastern Ecuador (Pastaza), Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas and Caquetá Departments), Brazil
Rhinella rostrata (Noble, 1920)Mesopotamia beaked toadColombia (Antioquia)
Bufo rubescens02.jpg Rhinella rubescens (Lutz, 1925)Brazil
Rhinella rubropunctata (Guichenot, 1848)Rusty toadChile and Argentina
Rhinella ruizi (Grant, 2000)Colombia (Antioquia)
Rhinella rumbolli (Carrizo, 1992)Salta toadBolivia
Bufo scitulus02.jpg Rhinella scitula (Caramaschi & de Niemeyer, 2003)Paraguay (Amambay and Concepción Departments), Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul)
Rhinella sclerocephala (Mijares-Urrutia & Arends-R., 2001)Venezuela
Rhinella sebbeni Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Bastos, and Pombal, 2015Brazil
Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834)Warty toad; Huanuco toadArgentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru
Rhinella stanlaii (Lötters & Köhler, 2000)Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz and Santa Cruz)
Rhinella sternosignata 62640906.jpg Rhinella sternosignata (Günther, 1858)Falcon toadColombia and Venezuela
Rhinella tacana (Padial, Reichle, McDiarmid, & De la Riva, 2006)Bolivia (La Paz)
Rhinella tenrec (Lynch & Renjifo, 1990)Antioquia Beaked ToadColombia
Rhinella teotoniensis (Ferrão, Souza, Colatreli, Hanken & Lima, 2022)Teotonio Falls Leaf-litter ToadBolivia, Brazil
Rhinella truebae (Lynch & Renjifo, 1990)Trueb's Beaked ToadColombia
Rhinella unapensis Rojas, Peña, Ávila, Carvalho, Perez, Farias, Gordo & Hrbek, 2022)Peru
Rhinella vellardi (Leviton & Duellman, 1978)Alto Maranon toadPeru
Rhinella veraguensis (Schmidt, 1857)Veragua toadBolivia and southeastern Peru
Rhinella veredas (Brandão, Maciel, and Sebben, 2007)Brazil(Piauí and Bahia)
Rhinella yanachaga Lehr, Pramuk, Hedges, and Córdova, 2007Peru (Pasco)
A male and a female of Rhinella yunga.jpg Rhinella yunga (Mordavec, Lehr, 2014)Peru (Yungas)

Notes

  1. ↑ Chaparro, Juan Carlos, Jennifer B. Pramuk and Andrew G. Gluesenkamp. 2007. A new species of arboreal Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from a cloud forest of southeastern Peru. Herpetologica. 63 (2): 203-212.
  2. 1 2 Dodd, C. Kenneth (2013). Frogs of the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 20. ISBN   978-1-4214-0633-6.
  3. ↑ d'Orbigny, Charles (1845). Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle (in French). Vol. 3. Bureau Principal de l'Éditeurs. p. 433.
  4. ↑ χαῦνος . Liddell, Henry George ; Scott, Robert ; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
  5. ↑ "rhamphoid" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  6. ↑ "Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826 | Amphibian Species of the World". research.amnh.org. Retrieved 2019-10-26.
  7. ↑ Ferrão, Miquéias; Lima, Albertina Pimentel; Ron, Santiago; Santos, Sueny Paloma dos; Hanken, James (2020-12-28). "New Species of Leaf-litter Toad of the Rhinella margaritifera Species Group (Anura: Bufonidae) from Amazonia". Copeia. 108 (4): 967–986. doi: 10.1643/CH2020043 . ISSN   0045-8511.
  8. ↑ Pérez-Ben, Celeste M.; Gómez, Raúl O.; Báez, Ana M. (2019-04-04). "A new Pliocene true toad (Anura: Bufonidae): first record of an extinct species from South America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39: e1576183. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1576183. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   133110392.

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References

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