Richard Heydarian

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Richard Heydarian
2016 Ten Outstanding Young Men Heydarian (cropped).jpg
Heydarian in 2016 receiving the TOYM award
Born
Richard Javad Foronda Heydarian

Baguio, Philippines
Nationality Filipino
Alma mater University of the Philippines Diliman (BA, MIS)
Occupations
  • Writer
  • TV Host
  • Professor
  • Youtuber
Employers
Known for
  • South China Sea dispute expertise
  • Philippine politics and Populism analysis
TelevisionThe View From Manila (One News)
AwardsTen Outstanding Young Persons in the World
YouTube information
Channels Richard Heydarian VLOGS
Years active2015–present
Subscribers150,000 (As of March 2025)
Views33,000.000 (As March 2024)
Website richardheydarian.com

Richard Javad Foronda Heydarian is a Filipino political scientist, podcaster and media personality. As an academic and global columnist, he has penned numerous articles for various publications, [1] [2] including The New York Times, Foreign Affairs, and The Guardian, as well as authored or co-authored more than a dozen academic books. He is best known for his research and writings on Southeast Asia, Asian geopolitics, Philippine current affairs, and populism. [3] He has also been regularly interviewed by Al Jazeera, BBC, Bloomberg, CNN International, CNBC, and DW. [4] As a global affairs specialist, he has been interviewed by journalists such as Christiane Amanpour, [5] Fareed Zakaria, [6] and Maria Ressa. [7]

Contents

Heydarian is also a columnist for the Philippine Daily Inquirer , the country's newspaper of record, and regularly writes for the Asia Times and the South China Morning Post . [8] He is the host of The View from Manila on One News TV Channel, and also hosts multiple podcasts, including Deep Dive with Richard Heydarian, [9] as well as The Bridge, which focuses on Europe-ASEAN ties and is a project supported by the European Parliament. [10] As a public thinker, he is also active on social media, including on his YouTube channel (Richard Heydarian Vlogs). [11] He also hosts the "UTAK FORUM", which brings together top experts and policy-makers focusing on South China Sea and foreign policy issues. [12] As a cultural figure, he has also been featured in lifestyle publications, including in Tatler Magazine's "Asia's Most Stylish" issue in 2022. [13]

Early life and education

Heydarian was born in Baguio in Benguet. [14] Heydarian father's side is of Persian descent and his mother is a Baguio-born Ilocano. [14] [15] "For nights, we slept outside under the soothing embrace of moonlight, but terrorized by the powerful aftershocks that battered an already devastated city. For days, we were cut off from the rest of the world, as the smell of death and destruction mixed with cries for help and reprieve, a haunting chorus of misery that drowned a once beautiful city under a cloud of sorrowful darkness," Heydarian wrote about the 1990 Luzon earthquake, which devastated his hometown. "I remember my dad, young and vigorous back then, holding my sister and me in his arms and hurriedly escorting us out once he saw our little house shaking, cracking and squealing under the punishing force of one of the most powerful earthquakes to hit the Philippines ever." After the 1990 Luzon earthquake, Heydarian's family moved abroad for a few years, but returned to the his hometown of Baguio for basic education. [14] [16] [17]

Heydarian moved to Metro Manila for higher education, where he took political science (Bachelor's Degree) and international studies (Post-Graduate Degree) at the University of the Philippines Diliman. [18] Heydarian has often written critically about his hometown, bemoaning its gradual decline throughout the decades, especially following the post-earthquake reconstruction era: "[A]s times goes by, Baguio has come to gradually resemble other urban centers in the country. It is suffering from what leading American intellectual Francis Fukuyama calls “modernization without development.” Baguio’s economic growth and incorporation of new technology and lifestyles has gone hand in hand with the deterioration of overall living standards, growing inequality, as well as increasingly oligarchic political institutions." Nevertheless, he has always held Baguio as a potential cite for progressive politics. "While extreme economic inequality has facilitated the emergence of powerful networks of clientelism in other parts of the country, where political dynasties effectively serve as parallel state institutions, Baguio, in contrast, has the ingredients to become a bastion of vibrant local democracy anchored by an energetic middle class and a cosmopolitan culture," he has argued. Heydarian has also regularly interviewed Baguio's Mayor Benjamin Magalong, who has been a champion of 'good governance.' "Under the stewardship of the former top law enforcement official and corporate chief, Baguio City, my hometown, is gradually embracing a new model of governance altogether, which rejects traditional politics in favor of good governance. As Magalong told me, he envisions a “sustainable, smart, green city,” which adopts and adapts best practices from all around the world," Heydarian wrote about the Baguio mayor in 2022, welcoming the rise of reformist leadership in the city. [19] [20] [21]

Background

Academia

Heydarian began his career in academia, teaching at Ateneo de Manila University and later at De La Salle University in the early 2010s. [22]

As a researcher, Heydarian began as a consultant to the German think tank Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Manila office, and was also the editor-in-chief of Socdem Asia, the magazine and publication outlet for the alliance of social democratic and progressive parties in the Indo-Pacific region. [23] He is also a contributor to International Politics and Society magazine, published by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung's Brussels office, and a magazine for social democratic thinkers. [22]

Richard Heydarian has been operating at the interstices of academe, journalism, think tank circles, and activism. He has taught at the University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, and De La Salle University. He has also presented lectures and talks at universities such as Harvard University, Stanford University, University of California Berkeley, Johns Hopkins University, Leiden University, and Australian National University. He has also contributed to and given talks at think tanks such as the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), and Brookings Institution, and the Lowy Institute.[ citation needed ] He has been described as among the "most prolific and interviewed geopolitical analyst[s] currently writing and speaking not only in the Philippines but arguably in Southeast Asia as well" by the Stanford University [22]

He previously served as Professorial Chairholder and Associate Professor at Polytechnic University of the Philippines. [8] Heydarian is currently a senior lecturer at the UP Asian Center, where he teaches graduate courses on international affairs in Asia and the broader Indo-Pacific region. [24]

Television and media

Heydarian transitioned from teaching to mainstream media, serving as a resident analyst at ABS-CBN News Channel and, a year later, as a resident political analyst and host of Stand for Truth at GMA Network. [14] He has also served as resident analyst/host at ABS-CBN News Channel, GMA Network and One News/TV5. [25]

He is also a television host at One News, where his show, The View From Manila, was nominated for the "Best Current Affairs" program at the Asian Television Awards 2023. [25]

He began his writing career as a regular contributor to The Huffington Post, where he wrote on Asian affairs and domestic Philippine politics. [26] In 2018, he joined the Philippine Daily Inquirer , becoming one of the youngest columnists in the newspaper's history. The same year, he won the Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the Year award by the Junior Chamber International for his contributions to public policy discourse and social sciences. He had previously won the Ten Outstanding Young Men award in 2016. [27]

His articles and interviews have appeared on The Atlantic, BBC, Bloomberg, The Economist, The Financial Times, Foreign Affairs, The Guardian, The New York Times, Time, Nikkei Asian Review, South China Morning Post, The Straits Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Post. [28] [29]

As a journalist and academic, Heydarian has met and/or exchanged views with global leaders including Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, [30] German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, [31] and US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. [32]

Political views and advocacy

His early exposure to social democratic ideals and organizations, particularly his work at The Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, shaped his views on economics, politics and foreign policy. Against the backdrop of global uncertainty and rise of alt-right populism, he considers himself as a "progressive realist", who appreciates the need for proactive social mobilization, coalition-building with likeminded forces, robust social safety nets combined with more centrist social policies, as well as deterrence and balance of power in matters of geopolitics. [22] He is also a major proponent of a more proactive and autonomous Philippine foreign policy as well as a greater role for Global South nations and cooperation among likeminded post-colonial nations. Accordingly, he prefers middle powers such as the Philippines to resist any undue pressure and unilateralism by any superpower, including the incoming Trump 2.0 administration. [33] He is, however, an advocate of 'minilateralism', and has dubbed the term, "JAPHUS", referring to the Japan-Philippine-US trilateral alliance. [34]

As a prominent voice on ASEAN affairs, he was among speakers at the ASEAN Business and Investment Summit in Jakarta in 2023. [35] Following his participation at the 2025 ASEAN Economic Opinion Leaders Conference, which was hosted by Malaysia's Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry (MITI), Heydarian argued in favor of a more proactive and coherent regional approach to a new era of great power competition. Responding to Singaporean diplomat Kausikan Bilahari famous argument on how ASEAN is more like a "cow" than a "horse", Heydarian has argued "the least ASEAN can do is to become a “donkey” similar to “Dapple” in Don Quixote: a tad slow and lacking flair, but impeccably sturdy and reliable. Otherwise, the regional body risks being consigned to a laughing stock among major powers and a marginal player in shaping the broader Indo-Pacific region." [36]

In an era of great power competition, Heydarian argues that ASEAN states have engaged in "fifty shades of hedging" in order to preserve their strategic autonomy. [37] He is also critical of what he calls "strategic gaslighting", namely when smaller nations as varied as Ukraine, the Philippines and Taiwan are blamed for being bullied or even invaded by bigger powers. At times, major powers such as China, Heydarian argues, accuse smaller neighbors of provocation, when the latter resists expansionist activities by bigger neighbors. [38] He is also a strong believer in 'industrial policy', and the need for service-oriented economies such as the Philippines' to shift to manufacturing, with a focus on semiconductors and EV batter production. This is the best way, according to Heydarian, to create sustainable development and inclusive growth. [39]

As for new power grouping such as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), Heydarian believes they are important indicators of a major shift in the global balance of power towards post-American multipolarity, although remains skeptical of the actual projects and initiatives of the power grouping. Although impressed by China's industrial policy and economic miracle, Heydarian is also skeptical of its investment promises. He dubbed the term "pledge trap", which refers to prospective beneficiaries "forward-deploying strategic concessions in exchange for broadly illusory investment pledges." [40] Nevertheless, Heydarian has argued that BRICS' continued expansion—now including Southeast Asia's largest economy, Indonesia, which is also among the world's most populous nations—indicates the (i) prestige rising powers attach to joining the new power grouping; (ii) the need to hedge against US sanctions—Vietnam has robust ties to Russia's sanctioned defense industry, while Malaysia has been a conduit for sanctioned Iranian oil—and potentially destabilizing impact of Trump policies on US dollar stability via unsustainable fiscal practices; and, more concretely, (iii) expanding bilateral currency swap deals and financial integration among major BRICS nations, with Russia de-dollarizing close to 90 percent of its trade with major powers such as India as well as establishing direct financial linkages with Iran to circumvent Western sanctions. [41] [42]

He has also written extensively about Philippine domestic politics and has been an advocate for a revitalized opposition. Accordingly, he has focused on the role of prominent leaders such as Risa Hontiveros, Leila de Lima, and Leni Robredo – and ways for unifying and mobilizing liberal-progressive and broader democratic forces in the country. [43] For Heydarian, the Latin American "Pink Tide" progressive movements could serve a potential inspiration for the Philippines, especially given the massive mobilization of the "Pink Movement" during the 2022 presidential elections. 'Over the past two decades, the region has produced, against all odds, a wave of progressive-charismatic leaders, who collectively belong to the so-called “Pink Tide“,' Heydarian argued. 'In many ways, we are collectively more similar to Latin America and other former Spanish colonies than neighboring Asian states..."' Analyzing the success of progressive leaders in Latin America, Heydarian emphasized the role of "sustained and full-scale mobilization of the civil society beyond election cycles alone" and how they shunned "half-hearted reforms or tired liberal clichés. They succeeded because they offered nothing short of transformational reform in a broken political system." [44]

Heydarian is also a social media influencer, with extensive reach across all major platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. [11] His podcast Deep Dive w/ Richard Heydarian has consistently ranked among top 100 podcasts in the country [45] He is also the host of the "UTAK FORUM", which regularly brings together experts and policy-makers to discuss South China Sea and foreign policy issues. A mix of podcast and panel discussion, the forum also serves as a press conference to discuss pressing national security issues in the country [46] As a partisan and a supporter of Liberal Party a political group in the Philippines, Heydarian has consistently challenged political orthodoxies, liberal elitism, persistent deficiencies of opposition groups, and has even publicly debated with leading propagandists aligned with the controversial Rodrigo Duterte presidency. [47]

Controversies

Mindanao statement

During an interview with the CNN on Arrest of Rodrigo Duterte by the International Criminal Court, Heydarian compared Duterte's influence and enduring base of support to the MAGA movement, a term popularized by Donald Trump during his 2016 campaign and reused for the 2024 presidential run. [48] When asked about Duterte's support base, Heydarian cited several factors, most notably the immense developmental disparities in the country and the neglect of national government for the southern island. [49] [50] Heydarian, who was born in Baguio in northern Philippines, mentioned how the Human Development Index in some parts of Mindanao—Duterte's political stronghold and the base of his presidential rise— is similar to those in Sub-Saharan Africa:

Their base of support, first of all, is in the south of the Philippines, the so-called ‘Solid South’ in the Mindanao region, where there is a lot of legitimate grievances against the national government. I mean, it is one of the poorest areas of the country. I come from the Northern Luzon] where our Human Development Index is almost Southern Europe. But if you go to [parts] Mindanao, their Human Development Index is [similar to] Sub-Saharan African [nations]. [48]

When spliced portions of his interviews went viral online, it quickly sparkled online backlash, particularly among the people of Mindanao, who found the comparison -- based on HDI scores -- demeaning. A Cagayan De Oro councilor challenged Heydarian regarding the Sub-Sahara statement to visit Mindanao particularly in Northern Mindanao to see it for himself how developed the region was. In addition to the outrage, many people responded with humor and sarcasm, posting memes about "Sub-Saharan Mindanao". [51] [52] [53]

In response, Heydarian, in a video post on Facebook, reiterated that his words were taken out of context and deliberately twisted by what he described as "fake news peddlers", referring to alleged troll farms aligned to the Dutertes. [54] An investigative report by the Philippine Star revealed the spike in activity of pro-Duterte troll farms immediately after his ICC arrest. [55] Heydarian also expressed apology for any unintended hurt and insisted he does not intend to insult anyone. “If anyone felt hurt I apologize. I didn’t mean to insult anyone. I only had one minute to explain the development gap and injustice that we have to solve...I apologize if people felt offended based on the fake news because I really care about our folks in Mindanao,” he added. </ref> [53]

Academic work

As an academic, he has authored or co-authored more than a dozen books, including "The Indo-Pacific: Trump, China, and the New Struggle for Global Mastery" (Palgrave Macmillan); "Asia's New Battlefield" (Zedbooks, London); and "How Capitalism Failed the Arab World" (Zedbooks, London); [56] His book "The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt Against Elite Democracy", published by Palgrave Macmillan (London), was featured in The Financial Times' "Best of Weekend Long Reads" list. The book represents the first internationally published analysis of President Rodrigo Duterte's presidency and its implications for the Philippines and beyond. [57]

He has also co-authored and/or contributed chapters to leading academic publications and authoritative edited volumes, including "Subaltern Populism – Dutertismo and the War on Constitutional Democracy" (Cambridge University Press, 2022); "Penal Populism in Emerging Markets: Human Rights and Democracy in the Age of Strongmen" (Cambridge University Press, 2020); [58] as well as "Genealogy of Conflict: The roots, evolution, and trajectory of the South China Sea disputes" (Routledge, 2017); [59] "The Struggle for Centrality ASEAN, the South China Sea, and the Sino-American New Cold War?" (Routledge, 2022) [60] "Philippines' Counter-Terror Conundrum: Marawi and Duterte's Battle Against the Islamic State" (Routledge, 2019) [61] and "The Shifting Sands: Duterte, the Philippines, and ASEAN's Evolving Relations with the DPRK" (Routledge, 2024) [62] and "At a Strategic Crossroads: ASEAN Centrality amid Sino-American Rivalry in the Indo-Pacific" (Brookings Institution, 2021). [63]

He also contributed to prominent edited volumes, including "The WikiLeaks Fallout: Strategic Implications for the U.S.- ASEAN Relations", in "The Wikileaks Files: What the Cables Tell us about the American Empire" (Verso, 2015) [64] as well as Oxford Bibliographie, "Politics of the Philippines: From Rizal to Duterte" (Oxford University Press) and "The US-Philippine-China Triangle: From Equi-Balancing to Counter- Balancing amid the South China Sea Disputes" in "Regional Power Shift in the Making? The Rise of China and the South China Sea Disputes" (Springer, 2015, Feb/March) [65]

He is also a regular contributor to the prestigious Journal of Democracy academic publication, where he primarily focuses on issues of democratization, authoritarian populism, and the Marcos–Duterte rivalry. [66]

Journal articles

Books/chapters

References

  1. ↑ "Muck Rack". Richard Javad Heydarian. Retrieved December 2, 2024.
  2. ↑ "Muck Rack". Richard J. Heydarian. Retrieved December 2, 2024.
  3. ↑ "Google Scholar". Google Scholar Richard Javad Heydarian. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
  4. ↑ Stanford University, Walter Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Center (March 26, 2019). "The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt against Elite Democracy". Stanford University Walter Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Center. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
  5. ↑ Christiane Amanpour (April 2022). "Ferdinand Marcos was a brutal dictator. His son could become the Philippines' next president". CNN International. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  6. ↑ "Fareed Zakaria Interview". CNN International. September 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  7. ↑ Rappler.com (April 25, 2016). "#PiliPinasDebates2016: Analysis + commentary, round 1". Rappler.com. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  8. 1 2 "Prof. Richard Javad Heydarian". Trends Research & Advisory. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
  9. ↑ "Deep Dive with Richard Heydarian". Spotify .
  10. ↑ "9DASHLINE". August 9, 2024.
  11. 1 2 "Richard Heydarian Vlogs". YouTube . Retrieved November 30, 2024.
  12. ↑ Raymond Carl Dela Cruz (January 29, 2025). "Exclusive: PCG reports surge in online 'trolls' after WPS transparency efforts". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved January 29, 2025.
  13. ↑ "Onward and upwards". Tatler Asia. Retrieved January 2, 2025.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Aedrianne Acar (March 26, 2019). "Exclusive: Chaps resident political analyst Richard Heydarian tapped to be part of the flagship digital newscast 'Stand For Truth'". GMA Network. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  15. ↑ "Baguio: In praise of our Spartan women". Philippine Daily Inquirer. February 12, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  16. ↑ "Baguio: My dying hometown (2)". Philippine Daily Inquirer. September 25, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  17. ↑ Heydarian, Richard (March 26, 2010). "Son of Asia: The odyssey of a Persian-Filipino". GMA News. Retrieved March 30, 2025.
  18. ↑ "TOYP 2018". University of the Philippines. September 25, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  19. ↑ "Beautiful Baguio: What happened?". Rappler. May 13, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  20. ↑ "Baguio: My dying hometown (2)". Philippine Daily Inquirer. September 25, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  21. ↑ "Magalong, Vico: Governance beyond partisanship". Rappler. November 8, 2022. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  22. 1 2 3 4 "The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt against Elite Democracy". Stanford University. Retrieved December 9, 2024.
  23. ↑ "list". Socdem Asia Pacific. September 1, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2024.
  24. ↑ "Heydarian, Richard Javad". UP Asian Center. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
  25. 1 2 Pauline Nagar (November 13, 2023). "The Philippines rakes in 28 nominations at the 28th Asian Television Awards". Adobe Magazine. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
  26. ↑ "Richard Javad Heydarian". The Huffington Post. January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  27. ↑ "GMA analyst Heydarian included in 10 Outstanding Young Persons of the World list". GMA Network. September 1, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  28. ↑ Stanford University, Walter Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Center (March 26, 2019). "The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt against Elite Democracy". Stanford University Walter Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Center. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
  29. ↑ Lowy Institute. "Richard Javad Heydarian" . Retrieved December 20, 2024.
  30. ↑ "FYI with Richard Heydarian". GMA News Network. March 8, 2019.
  31. ↑ Richard Javad Heydarian (March 19, 2024). "À la carte diplomacy and its discontents". Philippien Daily Inquirer.
  32. ↑ Richard Javad Heydarian (May 30, 2023). "New World Order: Conversing with Kissinger". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  33. ↑ Richard Javad Heydarian (November 5, 2024). "Harris or Trump, Philippines sitting pretty with America". Asia Times.
  34. ↑ Heydarian, Richard (April 9, 2024). "JAPHUS: A Japan-Philippine-US Alliance?". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  35. ↑ "ASEAN Business & Investment Summit 2023 Details & Rundown". ASEAN Indonesia 2023. November 5, 2024.
  36. ↑ "Can Malaysia drive ASEAN like the pony express?". Lowy Institute. January 15, 2025.
  37. ↑ ""More than just US-China tensions - insights on an evolving S.E Asia"". Asia New Zealand Foundation. June 6, 2024.
  38. ↑ "Strategic gaslighting: Marcos' China challenge". Philippine Daily Inquirer. October 3, 2023.
  39. ↑ Richard Heydarian (November 21, 2023). "Marcos needs an industrial policy strategy". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  40. ↑ "Pledge trap: How Duterte fell for China's bait and switch". Asia Times. April 1, 2022.
  41. ↑ "ASEAN Interest in BRICS is a Hedge Against Trump". Nikkei Asia. January 11, 2025.
  42. ↑ "Trump's threats won't hold back Brics push to de-dollarise". South China Morning Post. January 11, 2025.
  43. ↑ Richard Heydarian (October 8, 2024). "Leila, Leni, and a ray of hope". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  44. ↑ "Pink Tide 2.0: Lesson for Leni and opposition". June 7, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2024– via YouTube.
  45. ↑ "Deep Dive with Richard Heydarian". rephonic.com.
  46. ↑ "GMA Network Live: Utak Forum on West Philippine Sea prospects and challenges". January 29, 2025. Retrieved January 25, 2025– via YouTube.
  47. ↑ "Richard Heydarian leads PoliticonPH forum on April 27". April 24, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2024– via YouTube.
  48. 1 2 "Sub-Saharan Mindanao: These memes might make your day". Cebu Daily News. Philippine Daily Inquirer. March 15, 2025. Retrieved March 16, 2025.
  49. ↑ "CNN INTERNATIONAL: "DUTERTE ICC ARREST"". YouTube . March 15, 2025. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
  50. ↑ "Analyst declared persona non grata over remarks on Mindanao". January 23, 2025. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
  51. ↑ "Cagayan de Oro councilor challenges Richard Heydarian's 'Sub-Saharan African' statement". SunStar . March 16, 2025. Retrieved March 16, 2025.
  52. ↑ "Richard Heydarian was declared persona non grata in Isabela City and a few other cities in Mindanao in response to his perceived demeaning remarks". Daily Tribune. March 14, 2025.
  53. 1 2 "Analyst declared persona non grata over remarks on Mindanao". GMA News Network. March 15, 2025.
  54. ↑ "Why crafty Internet trolls in the Philippines may be coming to a website near you". The Washington Post . July 26, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2025.
  55. ↑ "Inside the 12-hour Facebook blitz that framed Duterte's ICC arrest as 'kidnapping'". The Philippine STAR . July 26, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2025.
  56. ↑ "Google Scholar". Google Scholar Richard Javad Heydarian. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
  57. ↑ "The Rise of Duterte Book Review". Richard Javad Heydarian, Singapore, Palgrave Pivot, 2018. Na (by Richard Javad Heydarian, Singapore, Palgrave Pivot, 2018). doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1681980 – via by Richard Javad Heydarian, Singapore, Palgrave Pivot, 2018.
  58. ↑ "Cambridge University Press". Cambridge University Press. Retrieved November 29, 2024.
  59. ↑ Ganguly, Sumit; Scobell, Andrew; Liow, Joseph Chinyong, eds. (2017). Taylor & Francis Group. doi:10.4324/9781315455655. ISBN   978-1-315-45565-5.
  60. ↑ "Taylor & Francis Group". doi:10.4324/9781003216766-6.
  61. ↑ "Countering Insurgencies and Violent Extremism in South and South East Asia". Routledge & CRC Press.
  62. ↑ "Southeast Asia-North Korea Relations: Drivers, Linkages, and Strategic Ambivalence". Routledge & CRC Press.
  63. ↑ "Project MUSE - Rivalry and Response".
  64. ↑ "The WikiLeaks Files". Verso.
  65. ↑ "Politics of the Philippines: From Rizal to Duterte". obo.
  66. ↑ "Author: Richard Javad Heydarian". Journal of Democracy.
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