Rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner

Rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Furnariidae
Genus:	Neophilydor
Species:	N. erythrocercum
Binomial name
Neophilydor erythrocercum (Pelzeln, 1859)
Synonyms
Philydor erythrocercus (Pelzeln, 1859) [orthographic error] Philydor ochrogaster Hellmayr, 1917

The rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner (Neophilydor erythrocercum) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Suriname. This species was formerly placed in the genus Philydor.

Taxonomy and systematics

The rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner was formally described in 1859 by the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln based on a specimen collected at Barra do Rio Negro, now the city of Manaus in Brazil. He coined the binomial name Anabates erythrocercus. ^{[2] [3]} The specific epithet combines the Ancient Greek ερυθρος/eruthros meaning "red" with κερκος/kerkos meaning "tail". ^[4] The rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner was formerly placed in the genus Philydor . It is now placed with the slaty-winged foliage-gleaner in the genus Neophilydor that was introduced in 2023 to resolved the polyphyly of the genus Philydor. ^[5]

Five subspecies are recognised: ^[5]

• N. e. subfulvum (Sclater, PL, 1862) – southeast Colombia, east Ecuador and north Peru
• N. e. ochrogaster (Hellmayr, 1917) – central Peru to central north Bolivia
• N. e. lyra (Cherrie, 1916) – east Peru, northeast Bolivia and Brazil south of the Amazon
• N. e. suboles (Todd, 1948) – southeast Colombia and northwest Brazil
• N. e. erythrocercum (Pelzeln, 1859) – the Guianas and Brazil northeast of the Amazon

Early in the twentieth century N. e. subfulvum was treated as a separate species. In the late twentieth century at least one taxonomic system treated N. e. erythrocercum as a separate species, and some authors advocate returning to that treatment. What is now the nominate subspecies of the slaty-winged foliage-gleaner (N. fuscipenne fuscipenne) was for a time treated as subspecies of the rufous-rumped. ^{[6] [7]}

Description

The rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner is about 14 to 17 cm (5.5 to 6.7 in) long and weighs 18 to 31 g (0.63 to 1.1 oz). Male and female plumages are alike. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a pale tawny-buff eyering and supercilium on an otherwise dark fuscous brown face. Their crown and back are dark olive-brown and their rump and uppertail coverts bright chestnut. Their tail is bright rufous and their wings are dark olive-brown. Their throat is pale yellowish buff, their breast and belly medium brownish with an olive tinge, and their flanks and undertail coverts a slightly darker brownish with a dark rufescent tinge. Their iris is brown to dark brown, their maxilla blackish to brownish, their mandible horn-brown to pinkish gray, and their legs and feet grayish green to yellowish olive. Juveniles have a more rufous-orange supercillium, a more rufescent crown, and less yellowish underparts than adults. ^{[7] [8]}

Subspecies N. e. lyra is similar to the nominate but with a redder back, brighter and cinnamon-tinged upperwing coverts and flight feathers, and slightly more buffy underparts. It has some clinal variation. N. e. suboles is similar to lyra with paler underparts and more olivaceous flight feathers. N. e. subfulvum has a less rufous rump and slightly more ochraceous underparts than the nominate. N. e. ochrogaster differs the most from the nominate and the other subspecies. It has a brighter ochraceous supercilium and throat than they, a more rufous rump, and a tawny olivaceous tinge to its underparts. ^{[7] [9] [10]}

Distribution and habitat

The rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner is mostly a bird of the Amazon Basin. The four Amazonian subspecies inhabit tropical evergreen forest, mainly terra firme but also vázea . In elevation they range as high as 1,300 m (4,300 ft). Subspecies N. e. ochrogaster inhabits montane evergreen forest at elevations between 800 and 1,650 m (2,600 and 5,400 ft). ^{[7] [8] [9] [10]} It is a year-round resident throughout its range. ^[7]

Behavior

Feeding

The rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner feeds on a wide variety of arthropods. It forages singly and in pairs, usually as members of a mixed-species feeding flock. It feeds primarily in the subcanopy but regularly does so in the mid-storey and canopy. It specializes in gleaning and pulling prey from dead leaves and also feeds at palm fronds and at debris in vine tangles. It often maneuvers acrobatically to reach prey. ^{[7] [8] [9] [10]}

Breeding

Little is known about the rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner's breeding biology. It nests during the dry season in French Guiana but its season elsewhere has not been defined. One nest was in a deep hole in a tree stump; it had a pad of wood fibers at the bottom and contained two eggs. ^[7]

Songs and calls Listen to rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner's song is "a slightly ascending and then descending series of 4–6 high notes, 'chu, chee, chee, chéé, chu' ". Its call is a "shrill 'wheeeeyk' and 'cheeyu' or 'chak' ". ^[7]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range, and though its population size is not known it is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. ^[1] It is considered uncommon to fairly common in different parts of its range, and it occurs in many protected areas. ^[7]

References

1. BirdLife International (2016). "Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner Philydor erythrocercum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22734184A95077305. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22734184A95077305.en . Retrieved 27 August 2023.
2. von Pelzeln, August (1859). "Über neue Arten der Gattungen Synallaxis, Anabates und Xenops in der kaiserlichen ornitlwlogisclien Sammlung, nebst Auszügen aus Johann Nälterer's nachgelassenen Notizen über die von ihm in Brasilien gesammelten Arten der Sub-familien: Furnarinae und Synallaxinae". Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. 34: 99-134 [105, 128].
3. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1951). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 7. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 130.
4. Jobling, James A. "erythrocercum". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
5. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
6. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 31, 2023
7. Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner (Philydor erythrocercum), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rurfog1.01 retrieved August 27, 2023
8. van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 224. ISBN   978-0-19-530155-7.
9. Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 367–368. ISBN   978-0-8014-8721-7.
10. McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 121. ISBN   978-0-9827615-0-2.