Serpin B9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB9 gene. [5] [6] [7] PI9 belongs to the large superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), which bind to and inactivate serine proteinases. These interactions are involved in many cellular processes, including coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement fixation, matrix remodeling, and apoptosis (Sprecher et al., 1995).[supplied by OMIM] [7]
Serpins are a superfamily of proteins with similar structures that were first identified for their protease inhibition activity and are found in all kingdoms of life. The acronym serpin was originally coined because the first serpins to be identified act on chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. They are notable for their unusual mechanism of action, in which they irreversibly inhibit their target protease by undergoing a large conformational change to disrupt the target's active site. This contrasts with the more common competitive mechanism for protease inhibitors that bind to and block access to the protease active site.
Granzyme B (GrB) is one of the serine protease granzymes most commonly found in the granules of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells. It is secreted by these cells along with the pore forming protein perforin to mediate apoptosis in target cells.
Granzyme A is an enzyme. that in humans is encoded by the GZMA gene, and is one of the five granzymes encoded in the human genome. This enzyme is present in cytotoxic T lymphocyte granules.
Heparin cofactor II (HCII), a protein encoded by the SERPIND1 gene, is a coagulation factor that inhibits IIa, and is a cofactor for heparin and dermatan sulfate.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, a serine protease inhibitor of the serpin superfamily, is a coagulation factor that inactivates tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase. It is present in most cells, especially monocytes/macrophages. PAI-2 exists in two forms, a 60-kDa extracellular glycosylated form and a 43-kDa intracellular form.
Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is an alpha globulin glycoprotein that is a member of the serpin superfamily. In humans, it is encoded by the SERPINA3 gene.
Maspin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB5 gene. This protein belongs to the serpin superfamily. SERPINB5 was originally reported to function as a tumor suppressor gene in epithelial cells, suppressing the ability of cancer cells to invade and metastasize to other tissues. Furthermore, and consistent with an important biological function, Maspin knockout mice were reported to be non-viable, dying in early embryogenesis. However, a subsequent study using viral transduction as a method of gene transfer was not able to reproduce the original findings and found no role for maspin in tumour biology. Furthermore, the latter study demonstrated that maspin knockout mice are viable and display no obvious phenotype. These data are consistent with the observation that maspin is not expressed in early embryogenesis. The precise molecular function of maspin is thus currently unknown.
Cathepsin L1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSL1 gene. The protein is a cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal cysteine protease that plays a major role in intracellular protein catabolism.
Serpin B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB3 gene.
Matrix metalloproteinase-26 also known as matrilysin-2 and endometase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP26 gene.
Serpin B4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB4 gene.
Lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) also known as serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPINK5 gene.
Serpin B6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB6 gene.
Neuroserpin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINI1 gene.
Leukocyte elastase inhibitor (LEI) also known as serpin B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB1 gene. It is a member of the clade B serpins or ov-serpins founded by ovalbumin.
Serpin B13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB13 gene.
Serpin B7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB7 gene.
Granzyme M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GZMM gene.
Serpin B8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB8 gene.
Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB10 gene.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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