SERPINA9

Last updated
SERPINA9
Identifiers
Aliases SERPINA9 , GCET1, SERPINA11, SERPINA11b, serpin family A member 9
External IDs OMIM: 615677 MGI: 1919157 HomoloGene: 23633 GeneCards: SERPINA9
Gene location (Human)
Ideogram human chromosome 14.svg
Chr. Chromosome 14 (human) [1]
Human chromosome 14 ideogram.svg
HSR 1996 II 3.5e.svg
Red rectangle 2x18.png
Band 14q32.13Start94,462,717 bp [1]
End94,479,689 bp [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001042518
NM_001284275
NM_001284276
NM_175739

NM_027997
NM_001361910
NM_001361912

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001035983
NP_001271204
NP_001271205
NP_783866

NP_082273
NP_001348839
NP_001348841

Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 94.46 – 94.48 Mb n/a
PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Serpin A9 also known as centerin or GCET1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINA9 gene located on chromosome 14q32.1. [4] Serpin A9 is a member of the serpin family of serine protease inhibitors.

Contents

Function

The expression of SERPINA9 is restricted to germinal center B cells and lymphoid malignancies. SERPINA9 is likely to function in vivo in the germinal center as an efficient inhibitor of trypsin-like proteases. [5] [6] [7]

Related Research Articles

Alpha-1 antitrypsin Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Alpha-1 antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the SERPINA1 gene. A protease inhibitor, it is also known as alpha1–proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) or alpha1-antiproteinase (A1AP) because it inhibits various proteases. In older biomedical literature it was sometimes called serum trypsin inhibitor, because its capability as a trypsin inhibitor was a salient feature of its early study. As a type of enzyme inhibitor, it protects tissues from enzymes of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophil elastase, and has a reference range in blood of 0.9–2.3 g/L, but the concentration can rise manyfold upon acute inflammation.

Transcortin

Transcortin, also known as corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) or serpin A6, is a protein produced in the liver in animals. In humans it is encoded by the SERPINA6 gene. It is an alpha-globulin.

Serpin Superfamily of proteins with similar structures and diverse functions

Serpins are a superfamily of proteins with similar structures that were first identified for their protease inhibition activity and are found in all kingdoms of life. The acronym serpin was originally coined because the first serpins to be identified act on chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. They are notable for their unusual mechanism of action, in which they irreversibly inhibit their target protease by undergoing a large conformational change to disrupt its active site. This contrasts with the more common competitive mechanism for protease inhibitors that bind to and block access to the protease active site.

C1-inhibitor

C1-inhibitor is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin superfamily. Its main function is the inhibition of the complement system to prevent spontaneous activation but also as the major regulator of the contact system. C1-inhibitor is an acute-phase protein that circulates in blood at levels of around 0.25 g/L. The levels rise ~2-fold during inflammation. C1-inhibitor irreversibly binds to and inactivates C1r and C1s proteases in the C1 complex of classical pathway of complement. MASP-1 and MASP-2 proteases in MBL complexes of the lectin pathway are also inactivated. This way, C1-inhibitor prevents the proteolytic cleavage of later complement components C4 and C2 by C1 and MBL. Although named after its complement inhibitory activity, C1-inhibitor also inhibits proteases of the fibrinolytic, clotting, and kinin pathways. Note that C1-inhibitor is the most important physiological inhibitor of plasma kallikrein, fXIa, and fXIIa.

Heparin cofactor II

Heparin cofactor II (HCII), a protein encoded by the SERPIND1 gene, is a coagulation factor that inhibits IIa, and is a cofactor for heparin and dermatan sulfate.

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is an alpha globulin glycoprotein that is a member of the serpin superfamily. In humans, it is encoded by the SERPINA3 gene.

Protein C inhibitor

Protein C inhibitor is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that limits the activity of protein C.

Maspin

Maspin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB5 gene. This protein belongs to the serpin superfamily. SERPINB5 was originally reported to function as a tumor suppressor gene in epithelial cells, suppressing the ability of cancer cells to invade and metastasize to other tissues. Furthermore, and consistent with an important biological function, Maspin knockout mice were reported to be non-viable, dying in early embryogenesis. However, a subsequent study using viral transduction as a method of gene transfer was not able to reproduce the original findings and found no role for maspin in tumour biology. Furthermore, the latter study demonstrated that maspin knockout mice are viable and display no obvious phenotype. These data are consistent with the observation that maspin is not expressed in early embryogenesis. The precise molecular function of maspin is thus currently unknown.

SERPINB9

Serpin B9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB9 gene. PI9 belongs to the large superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), which bind to and inactivate serine proteinases. These interactions are involved in many cellular processes, including coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement fixation, matrix remodeling, and apoptosis .[supplied by OMIM]

SERPINE2

Glia-derived nexin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINE2 gene.

SERPINB6

Serpin B6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB6 gene.

SERPINB1

Leukocyte elastase inhibitor (LEI) also known as serpin B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB1 gene. It is a member of the clade B serpins or ov-serpins founded by ovalbumin.

BCL11A

B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCL11A gene.

SERPINB13

Serpin B13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB13 gene.

GZMM

Granzyme M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GZMM gene.

Kallistatin

Kallistatin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINA4 gene.

Uterine serpins are members of the A clade of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily of proteins and are encoded by the SERPINA14 gene. Uterine serpins are produced by the endometrium of a restricted group of mammals under the influence of progesterone or estrogen. These proteins appear to be inactive protease inhibitors and may function during pregnancy to regulate immune function or participate in transplacental transport.

Gene expression profiling has revealed that diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is composed of at least 3 different sub-groups, each having distinct oncogenic mechanisms that respond to therapies in different ways. Germinal Center B-Cell like (GCB) DLBCLs appear to arise from normal germinal center B cells, while Activated B-cell like (ABC) DLBCLs are thought to arise from postgerminal center B cells that are arrested during plasmacytic differentiation. The differences in gene expression between GCB DLBCL and ABC DLBCL are as vast as the differences between distinct types of leukemia, but these conditions have historically been grouped together and treated as the same disease.

SERPINA2

Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINA2 gene. Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 2 belongs to the member of serine family of proteins which have a functional activity of inhibiting serine proteases.

SERPIN A12

Serpin A12 is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINA12 gene. It is encoded by the SERPIN A12 gene and it is included inside the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family, class A serpin specifically.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170054 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Entrez Gene: SERPINA9".
  5. Paterson MA, Horvath AJ, Pike RN, Coughlin PB (August 2007). "Molecular characterization of centerin, a germinal centre cell serpin". Biochem. J. 405 (3): 489–94. doi:10.1042/BJ20070174. PMC   2267310 . PMID   17447896.
  6. Montes-Moreno S, Roncador G, Maestre L, Martínez N, Sanchez-Verde L, Camacho FI, Cannata J, Martinez-Torrecuadrada JL, Shen Y, Chan WC, Piris MA (January 2008). "Gcet1 (centerin), a highly restricted marker for a subset of germinal center-derived lymphomas". Blood. 111 (1): 351–8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-06-094151 . PMID   17898315.
  7. Paterson MA, Hosking PS, Coughlin PB (July 2008). "Expression of the serpin centerin defines a germinal center phenotype in B-cell lymphomas". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 130 (1): 117–26. doi: 10.1309/9QKE68QU7B825A3U . PMID   18550480.

Further reading