SS Atlantic Causeway

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Atlantic Causeway.jpg
History
Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
Name:Atlantic Causeway
Operator: Cunard Line
Builder: Swan Hunter, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
Launched: 2 April 1969
Completed: 1969
Identification: IMO number:  6913106
Fate: Scrapped in 1986
General characteristics
Class and type: Container ship
Tonnage: 14,946 tons
Speed: 22 knots

Atlantic Causeway was a container ship, operated by Cunard, and one of the merchant vessels requisitioned by the British government to support British forces in the Falklands War in 1982.

Container ship cargo ship

Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. They are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Cunard Line American cruise line

Cunard Line is a British–American cruise line based at Carnival House at Southampton, England, operated by Carnival UK and owned by Carnival Corporation & plc. Since 2011, Cunard and its three ships have been registered in Hamilton, Bermuda.

Falklands War War between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982

The Falklands War, also known as the Falklands Conflict, Falklands Crisis, Malvinas War, South Atlantic Conflict, and the Guerra del Atlántico Sur, was a ten-week war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands, and its territorial dependency, the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It began on Friday, 2 April 1982, when Argentina invaded and occupied the Falkland Islands in an attempt to establish the sovereignty it had claimed over them. On 5 April, the British government dispatched a naval task force to engage the Argentine Navy and Air Force before making an amphibious assault on the islands. The conflict lasted 74 days and ended with the Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982, returning the islands to British control. In total, 649 Argentine military personnel, 255 British military personnel, and three Falkland Islanders died during the hostilities.

Contents

Pre-war

Atlantic Causeway and her sister, Atlantic Conveyor were built by Swan Hunter as part of Cunard's contribution to Atlantic Container Line, a European shipping consortium. Atlantic Causeway was completed in 1969. With the outbreak of the Falklands War in 1982, Atlantic Conveyor was requisitioned on 14 April, and Atlantic Causeway on 4 May to serve as transport and support ships for the Royal Navy taskforce being sent to retake the Falkland Islands.

Swan Hunter shipbuilding design, engineering and management company

Swan Hunter, formerly known as Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, is a shipbuilding design, engineering, and management company, based in Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England.

Atlantic Container Line Shipping company

Atlantic Container Line is an American shipping company owned by the Italian Grimaldi Group. The company operates large roll-on/roll-off (RORO) container ships between Europe and North America.

Royal Navy Maritime warfare branch of the United Kingdoms military

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the Kingdom of France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is known as the Senior Service.

Falklands War

Atlantic Causeway put into HMNB Devonport and was taken in hand on 6 May. She was converted to be able to carry and operate helicopters. [1] A hangar was fitted to her upper deck, and an improved system for delivering aviation fuel. She sailed from Devonport 07.30 on 12 May carrying eight Sea King HAS.2As of 825 Naval Air Squadron and twenty Wessex HU.5s of 847 Naval Air Squadron. [2] She sailed to the Exclusion Zone via Ascension Island, arriving on 27 May, two days after her sister, Atlantic Conveyor had been hit and burnt out by Exocet missiles. [3] She then disembarked her aircraft and stores in San Carlos Water from 28 May, remaining on station with the rest of the British fleet. [4] She took on casualties from the Royal Fleet Auxiliary ships RFA Sir Galahad and Sir Tristram after they were hit by Argentinian bombs and abandoned on 8 and 9 June. Around 170 of those transferred were later returned to Britain aboard the tankers British Trent and British Test. Atlantic Causeway entered Port William on 17 June to unload further supplies, before leaving to return to Britain on 13 July. [5] She had received around 4,000 helicopter landings and refuelled about 500 aircraft. [6]

HMNB Devonport operating base in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy

Her Majesty's Naval Base, Devonport, is the largest naval base in Western Europe and is the sole nuclear repair and refuelling facility for the Royal Navy.

Hangar closed structure to hold aircraft or spacecraft in protective storage

A hangar is a closed building structure to hold aircraft, or spacecraft. Hangars are built of metal, wood and concrete. The word hangar comes from Middle French hanghart, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *haimgard, from *haim and gard ("yard").

Aviation fuel

Aviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft. It is generally of a higher quality than fuels used in less critical applications, such as heating or road transport, and often contains additives to reduce the risk of icing or explosion due to high temperature, among other properties.

Postwar

Atlantic Causeway was laid up in Liverpool, finally being broken up in Taiwan in 1986. [1] Detailed plans of both Atlantic Causeway and Atlantic Conveyor are held by The National Archives. [7]

Liverpool City and Metropolitan borough in England

Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500. Its metropolitan area is the fifth-largest in the UK, with a population of 2.24 million in 2011. The local authority is Liverpool City Council, the most populous local government district in the metropolitan county of Merseyside and the largest in the Liverpool City Region.

Taiwan state in East Asia

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 sq mi), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area. Other major cities include Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan and Taoyuan. With 23.5 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated states, and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations (UN).

Notes

  1. 1 2 Access to Archives (A2A) catalogue description, The National Archives, for records held by Tyne and Wear Archives Service, transferred from Swan Hunter. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
  2. Week Seven of the Falklands War
  3. British Task Force Movements, 24-30 May 1982
  4. Falkland Area Operations, 31 May-6 June 1982
  5. MAIN BRITISH TASK FORCE RETURNS HOME
  6. Data on the Atlantic Causeway, South Atlantic Medal Association website. Retrieved 2008-07-17
  7. Hierarchical catalogue view for MT 146, The National Archives, overview of plans and documents from the Ministry of Transport, Marine Division. Retrieved 2008-07-17

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References