Same-sex marriage in Aguascalientes

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Same-sex marriage is legal in Aguascalientes in accordance with a ruling from the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation on 2 April 2019 that the state's ban on same-sex marriage violated Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico. The ruling came into effect upon publication in the Official Gazette of the Federation on 16 August 2019, legalizing same-sex marriage in Aguascalientes.

Contents

Background

The Mexican Supreme Court ruled on 12 June 2015 that state bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional nationwide. The court's ruling is considered a "jurisprudential thesis" and did not invalidate state laws, meaning that same-sex couples denied the right to marry would still have to seek individual amparos in court. The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico to approve all applications for same-sex marriages and made the approval mandatory.

In May 2014, Manuel Gutiérrez Flores and Javier Rodrígueza Rivero requested an amparo against the civil registry in Aguascalientes City after it had rejected their request for a marriage license. The couple contested the constitutionality of articles 143, 144 and 313bis of the Civil Code. [1] [2] Article 143 defined marriage as "the union of one man and one woman", and article 313bis similarly defined concubinage as between "one man and one woman". Article 144 characterized marriage as an institution whose purpose was "perpetuating the species". The amparo was approved by a court on 29 August 2014, [3] and the couple married on 3 September 2014, making them the first same-sex couple to marry in Aguascalientes. [4]

A lesbian couple, Susana Ortega Guzmán and Mariana Martín Aguirre, applied for an amparo in May 2014 and received a favorable verdict on 2 September 2014. [5] [6] They married on 21 August 2015. [7] On 1 September 2014, Julián Elizalde Peña, coordinator of the organization Colectivo SerGay de Aguascalientes, announced that a third amparo had been requested. [8] Elizalde Peña announced that two more amparos were pending on 13 October 2014. [9] [10] In December 2016, another same-sex couple was granted an amparo to marry, [11] and another was granted by the Fourth District Court to a lesbian couple on 25 January 2017. [12] In late November 2017, four more amparos for same-sex marriage rights were approved by the courts. [13] By December 2017, 14 same-sex couples had married in the state. [14] That number increased to 23 in 2018, all via the amparo remedy. [15]

Legislative proposals

A civil union bill was first proposed in Aguascalientes in 2010 by Deputy Nora Ruvalcaba Gámez. The measure would have established a legal institution with several of the rights, benefits, obligations and responsibilities of marriage. Opposition from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the National Action Party (PAN) crippled its passage in Congress. [16]

In September 2014, Deputy Cuauhtemoc Escobedo Tejad from the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) announced that Governor Carlos Lozano de la Torre would introduce a civil union bill and possibly a same-sex marriage bill to the Congress of Aguascalientes. Escobeda Tejada further announced that if Lozano de la Torre did not introduce a bill, he would do so himself. [17] On 4 November 2014, Escobedo Tejada presented a civil union proposal to Congress, defining the civil partnership as "living together, forming a heritage, having children if they wish, and dealing with situations that arise for a couple." A citizens' initiative for same-sex marriage had been introduced to Congress a few weeks prior to his bill. [18] Debate on three initiatives with different schemes for marriage and civil unions began on 21 November 2014. [19]

On 15 June 2016, Martha Márquez Alvarado, a congresswoman from the National Action Party, indicated that she was preparing another civil union proposal and would present it to Congress when ready. [20] In April 2017, the State Human Rights Commission announced it would introduce a new same-sex marriage bill, [21] and in October 2017 another marriage bill was introduced to Congress by PRD Deputy Josefina Moreno Pérez. [22] [23] In April 2018, the National Action Party, which holds a majority of seats in the Congress of Aguascalientes, announced it would oppose all the proposed same-sex marriage and civil union bills, and would not allow legislative hearings on any of them. [24]

Action of unconstitutionality (2018–2019)

In 2018, the National Human Rights Commission filed an action of unconstitutionality (acción de inconstitucionalidad; docketed 40/2018) against articles 143, 144 and 313bis of the Civil Code. The Congress of Aguascalientes had recently amended state family law but while doing so did not repeal the state's ban on same-sex marriage. The Commission took this opportunity to file the action of unconstitutionality.

On 2 April 2019, the full bench of the Mexican Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the three articles in question were void and unconstitutional, determining that banning same-sex couples from marrying violates Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico. [25] [26] [27] [28] Article 1 of the Constitution states that "any form of discrimination, based on ethnic or national origin, gender, age, disabilities, social status, medical conditions, religion, opinions, sexual orientation, marital status, or any other form, which violates the human dignity or seeks to annul or diminish the rights and freedoms of the people, is prohibited.", and Article 4 relates to matrimonial equality, stating that "man and woman are equal under the law. The law shall protect the organization and development of the family." The court also ruled that section 1 of article 73 of the Law on the Security of Social Services for Public Servants (Spanish : Ley de Seguridad de Servicios Sociales para los Servidores Públicos) was unconstitutional in limiting social security and health care benefits to opposite-sex married or cohabiting couples. [29]

The ruling came into effect once Congress was officially notified and upon publication in the Official Gazette of the Federation (Diario Oficial de la Federación) on 16 August 2019. [30] Prior to this date, the civil registry had already begun processing marriage applications from same-sex couples and issuing marriage licenses. A couple applied to marry the same day as the ruling was handed down, and wed shortly thereafter. [31] On 6 April 2019, a same-sex couple, together for 11 years, wed in a Masonic ceremony in Aguascalientes City. [32]

Marriage statistics

The following table shows the number of same-sex marriages performed in Aguascalientes since legalization in 2019 as reported by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. [33]

Number of marriages performed in Aguascalientes
YearSame-sexOpposite-sexTotal % same-sex
FemaleMaleTotal
20194429736,8526,9251.05%
20203722594,7304,7891.23%
20215830886,7056,7931.30%

Public opinion

A 2017 opinion poll conducted by Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica found that 50% of Aguascalientes residents supported same-sex marriage, while 45% were opposed. [34]

According to a 2018 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, 36% of the Aguascalientes public opposed same-sex marriage. [35]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Same-sex marriage in Mexico</span>

Same-sex marriage is legally recognized and performed throughout Mexico since 31 December 2022. On 10 August 2010 the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ruled that same-sex marriages performed anywhere within Mexico must be recognized by the 31 states without exception, and fundamental spousal rights except for adoption have also applied to same-sex couples across the country. Mexico was the fifth country in North America and the 33rd worldwide to allow same-sex couples to marry nationwide.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Chihuahua since 12 June 2015. By statute, in Mexico, if any five rulings from the courts on a single issue result in the same outcome, legislatures are bound to change the law. In the case of Chihuahua, more than 20 individual amparos were decided with the same outcome, yet the Congress did not act. In anticipation of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ordering the Congress to act, Governor César Duarte Jáquez announced on 11 June that there would be no further prohibition in the state. Marriage licenses became available the following day, 12 June 2015. Chihuahua was the third Mexican state to legalize same-sex marriage, after Quintana Roo and Coahuila.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Michoacán since 23 June 2016. On 18 May 2016, the Congress of Michoacán approved a bill to legalise same-sex marriage by a vote of 27 in favour, none opposed and 8 abstentions. The law was published in the state's official journal on 22 June, and took effect the following day. Previously, Congress had refused to amend the Family Code to legalize same-sex marriage, despite a ruling by a state judge requiring it to do so.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Nayarit since 23 December 2015. A bill for the legalization of same-sex marriages was approved by the state Congress on 17 December in a 26–1 vote with 1 abstention. The law was published in the official state journal on 22 December and took effect the following day. Nayarit was the fourth Mexican state to legalise same-sex marriage after Quintana Roo, Coahuila and Chihuahua.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Jalisco since a unanimous ruling by the Mexican Supreme Court on 26 January 2016 striking down the state's same-sex marriage ban as unconstitutional under Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico. The ruling was published in the Official Journal of the Federation on 21 April; however, some municipalities refused to marry same-sex couples until being ordered by Congress to do so on 12 May 2016. The state Congress passed a bill codifiying same-sex marriage into law on 6 April 2022.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Chiapas in accordance with a Supreme Court ruling issued on 11 July 2017 that the ban on same-sex marriage violated the equality and non-discrimination provisions of Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico. The ruling, published in the Official Journal of the Federation on 11 May 2018, legalized same-sex marriage in the state of Chiapas.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Morelos since 5 July 2016. A bill to amend the State Constitution to legalize same-sex marriage in Morelos passed Congress on 18 May 2016 by 20 votes to 6. Ratification by a majority of the state's 33 municipalities was confirmed on 27 June 2016. The law was published in the official state gazette on 4 July 2016 and took effect the following day.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Querétaro since 13 November 2021. On 22 September 2021, the state Congress passed a law legalizing same-sex marriage in Querétaro. The law was published in the state's official gazette on 12 November, and took effect the following day. Previously, same-sex couples could marry in eight of the eighteen municipalities of Querétaro, comprising 60% of the state's population, despite a state law prohibiting same-sex marriage.

Same-sex marriage is legal in Puebla in accordance with a ruling from the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation. On 1 August 2017, the Supreme Court ruled that the same-sex marriage ban containted in the state's Civil Code violated Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico, legalizing same-sex marriage in the state of Puebla. The ruling was officially published in the Official Journal of the Federation on 16 February 2018.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Baja California since 3 November 2017 when the Secretary General of Government, Francisco Rueda Gómez, instructed the state's civil registry to immediately begin issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples and cease enforcement of the state's same-sex marriage ban. This was in line with jurisprudence established by the Mexican Supreme Court, which has ruled that same-sex marriage bans violate Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico. Previously, Baja California had banned same-sex marriage both by statute and in its state constitution.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Tlaxcala since 25 December 2020. Legislation to legalise same-sex marriage passed the Congress of Tlaxcala on 8 December 2020 by a vote of 16–3, and came into force on 25 December. Tlaxcala has also recognised civil unions, which grant several of the rights and benefits of marriage, for both opposite-sex and same-sex couples since 12 January 2017.

Same-sex marriage is legal in Nuevo León in accordance with a ruling from the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation issued on 19 February 2019 that the state's ban on same-sex marriage violated the Constitution of Mexico. The ruling came into effect on 31 May 2019 upon publication in the Official Journal of the Federation. By statute, in Mexico, if any five rulings from the courts on a single issue result in the same outcome, legislatures are bound to change the law. In the case of Nuevo León, almost 20 amparos were decided with the same outcome, yet the state did not act. On 19 February 2019, the Supreme Court issued a definitive ruling in an action of unconstitutionality, declaring the state's same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional, void and unenforceable.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in San Luis Potosí since 21 May 2019. The Congress of San Luis Potosí approved a bill to legalize same-sex marriage on 16 May 2019. It was signed into law by Governor Juan Manuel Carreras on 17 May and published in the official state journal on 20 May. The law took effect the following day.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Baja California Sur since 29 June 2019. On 27 June, the state Congress passed a bill opening marriage to same-sex couples. It was published in the official state gazette on 28 June and took effect the following day, legalizing same-sex marriage in Baja California Sur.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Veracruz since 13 June 2022. On 30 May 2022, the Mexican Supreme Court ruled that the state's same-sex marriage ban violated Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico. The Congress of Veracruz passed a bill to legalize same-sex marriage three days later on 2 June 2022. It was published in the official state journal on 13 June and went into effect the same day.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Sinaloa since 30 June 2021. On 12 June 2021, a federal court ordered the Congress of Sinaloa to pass a same-sex marriage law by 15 June, in accordance with jurisprudence established by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation. Subsequently, same-sex marriage legislation passed Congress unanimously on 15 June. It was published in the official state journal on 29 June, and entered into force the following day, making Sinaloa the 20th Mexican state to legalize same-sex marriage.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Guanajuato since 20 December 2021. That day, the Secretary General of Government, Libia Dennise García Muñoz, issued an official directive addressed to officials of the state civil registry that, effective immediately, same-sex couples can marry in the state. Guanajuato became the 23rd Mexican state, and the 24th jurisdiction, to legalize same-sex marriage.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Durango since 19 September 2022 in accordance with an executive order issued by Governor Esteban Villegas Villarreal the previous day, addressed to officials of the state civil registry that same-sex couples can marry in the state. The Congress of Durango passed same-sex marriage legislation three days later.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in the State of Mexico since 2 November 2022. On 11 October 2022, the Congress of the State of Mexico voted 50–16 with seven abstentions to pass a bill legalizing same-sex marriage. It was published on 1 November 2022, and took effect the next day. The State of Mexico was the third-to-last state in Mexico to provide for same-sex marriage.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Tamaulipas since 19 November 2022. On 26 October 2022, the Congress of Tamaulipas passed a bill to legalize same-sex marriage in a 23–12 vote. It was published in the official state journal on 18 November, and took effect the following day. Tamaulipas was the second-to-last Mexican state to legalize same-sex marriage.

References

  1. ↑ Itzel Acero (2014-05-16). "Anuncian la primera solicitud de matrimonio igualitario en Aguascalientes &#124". LJA.mx. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  2. ↑ "Interponen amparo para primer matrimonio gay en Aguascalientes &#124" (in Spanish). Imagen.com.mx. Archived from the original on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  3. ↑ "Obtiene pareja gay amparo federal". Ultra.com.mx. Archived from the original on 2017-05-28. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  4. ↑ 04 Sep, 2014 Print this article Font size -16+ (17 October 2013). "Ya se Podrá Realizar la Primera Boda Homosexual en Aguascalientes". La voz de la nacion. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ "Interponen amparo para primer matrimonio gay en Aguascalientes" (in Spanish). Excelsior.com.mx. 2014-05-15. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  6. ↑ "Realizarían en octubre doble boda 'gay' en Querétaro". Edomex.quadratin.com.mx. Archived from the original on 2017-10-14. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  7. ↑ "Pareja gay contrae matrimonio un año después de solicitarlo". Proceso (in Spanish). 21 August 2015.
  8. ↑ "Matrimonio gay Será un Hecho en el Estado: Colectivo SerGay | Página 24". Pagina24.com.mx. Archived from the original on 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  9. ↑ "Confía comunidad gay de Aguascalientes en la viabilidad de matrimonios entre parejas del mismo sexo". Aguasdigital. Archived from the original on 2016-06-24. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  10. ↑ "El Registro Civil ha recibido 9 solicitudes de matrimonio gay". El Heraldo - Noticias de Aguascalientes. 30 May 2016. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  11. ↑ (in Spanish) Se suma otro amparo sobre matrimonio igualitario a juzgado de distrito Archived 2019-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ (in Spanish) Pareja homosexual de Aguascalientes gana amparo para contraer matrimonio Archived 2017-10-13 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ "Crece el número de amparos para matrimonios igualitarios". 28 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-04-05.
  14. ↑ (in Spanish) SOCIEDAD Y JUSTICIARegistro Civil casó a ocho parejas del mismo sexo en 2017 Archived 2019-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ "EN 2018 SE CASARON 23 PAREJAS DEL MISMO SEXO EN AGUASCALIENTES". La Jornada Aguascalientes (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  16. ↑ "Ya está terminada la propuesta de ley de las Sociedades de Convivencia". lja.mx (in Spanish). 13 February 2010.
  17. ↑ Itzel Acero (2015-02-17). "Se debe legislar en cuanto a las sociedades de convivencia y matrimonio igualitario". LJA.mx. Archived from the original on 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  18. ↑ "Presentará PRD iniciativa de unión civil para parejas del mismo sexo". Galatvaguascalientes.tv. Archived from the original on 2017-10-07. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  19. ↑ Carlos Alonso López (2014-11-18). "Tiene el Poder Legislativo tres iniciativas sobre matrimonio igualitario". LJA.mx. Archived from the original on 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  20. ↑ Huerta, Alejandra (15 June 2016). "Prepara PAN figura alternativa a matrimonios igualitarios". La Jornada Aguascalientes. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  21. ↑ (in Spanish) Presentará Cedha nueva propuesta de matrimonio igualitario al Congreso Archived 2019-04-25 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ↑ (in Spanish) Matrimonio igualitario será dictaminado por la legislatura actual Archived 2019-04-25 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ↑ (in Spanish) Asegura PRD que sí se legislará matrimonio igualitario Archived 2019-05-01 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ↑ (in Spanish) PAN SIGUE OPONIÉNDOSE A LOS DERECHOS DE LA COMUNIDAD LGBT DE AGUASCALIENTES Archived 2019-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ↑ "La Corte invalida definición del matrimonio en Aguascalientes; protege a uniones igualitarias". Proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). 2 April 2019. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  26. ↑ "Suprema Corte declara inconstitucional negar matrimonio gay en Aguascalientes". Desatre.mx (in Spanish). 3 April 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  27. ↑ "Celebra CNDH resolución de la SCJN para permitir el matrimonio igualitario y para garantizar los derechos de personas trabajadoras en activo y pensionadas, y de quienese viven con discapacidad en el Estado de Aguascalientes" (PDF) (in Spanish). Comisión National de los Derechos Humanos. 3 April 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  28. ↑ (in Spanish) ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD 40/2018 Archived 2020-01-26 at the Wayback Machine , Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación
  29. ↑ (in Spanish) Invalida Corte mandatos de ley de seguridad social de Aguascalientes Archived 2019-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ "SENTENCIA dictada por el Tribunal Pleno de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación en la Acción de Inconstitucionalidad 40/2018, así como los Votos Concurrente formulado por el Ministro José Fernando Franco González Salas, Particular formulado por el Ministro Juan Luis González Alcántara Carrancá y Particulares y Concurrentes formulados por el Ministro Presidente Arturo Zaldívar Lelo de Larrea, así como Voto Aclaratorio formulado por el Ministro Alfredo Gutiérrez Ortiz Mena". Official Gazette of the Federation (in Spanish). 16 August 2019. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  31. ↑ Cynthia Andrade (10 April 2019). "Aprueban el primer matrimonio igualitario en Aguascalientes sin necesidad de amparo". Newsweek (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  32. ↑ Carlos Olvera Zurita (7 April 2019). "En Aguascalientes, Se Registra Primer Matrimonio Entre Varones Aceptado Por Una Logia Masónica". La Jornada Aguascalientes (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  33. ↑ "Matrimonios, Entidad y municipio de registro, Sexo, Sexo". INEGI (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2020-10-17. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
  34. ↑ (in Spanish) Encuesta nacional 2017 Archived 2017-09-19 at the Wayback Machine , Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica
  35. ↑ (in Spanish) #Data | ¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay? Archived 2019-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
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