Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas

Last updated

Several countries in the Americas grant legal recognition to same-sex unions, with almost 85 percent of people in both North America and South America living in jurisdictions providing marriage rights to same-sex couples.

Contents

In North America, same-sex marriages are recognized and performed without restrictions in Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, and the United States. [nb 1]

Same-sex marriages are also performed in the Dutch territories of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, the Danish autonomous territory of Greenland, and in all French overseas departments and collectivities (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin and Saint Pierre and Miquelon). Furthermore, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten recognize same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands, and Aruba also performs registered partnerships. The British Territories of Bermuda and the Cayman Islands also perform civil partnerships.

In South America, same-sex marriages are recognized and performed without restrictions in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Uruguay as well as the jurisdictions of French Guiana, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Free unions that are equivalent to marriage have begun to be recognized in Bolivia.

On 8 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) ruled that the American Convention on Human Rights mandates and requires the legalization of same-sex marriage. The landmark ruling was fully binding on Costa Rica and set a "binding precedent" in the other signatory countries. The Court recommended that governments issue temporary decrees legalizing same-sex marriage until new legislation is brought in. The ruling applies to Barbados, Bolivia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Suriname. The Supreme Courts of Honduras, [1] Panama, [2] Peru [3] and Suriname [4] have rejected the IACHR ruling, while the Supreme Courts of Costa Rica and Ecuador adhered to it.

Maps

Recognition of same-sex unions in North America .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Marriage Other type of partnership State recognition of same-sex relationships (North America).svg
Recognition of same-sex unions in North America
  Marriage
  Other type of partnership
States performing civil unions in North America Gender-neutral civil unions. Former civil unions for same-sex couples, replaced by marriage. Civil unions never performed. Civil union map North America.svg
States performing civil unions in North America
  Gender-neutral civil unions.
  Former civil unions for same-sex couples, replaced by marriage.
  Civil unions never performed.
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America Marriage Other type of partnership Country subject to IACHR ruling Unrecognized Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced v t e State recognition of same-sex relationships (South America).svg
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America
  Marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Country subject to IACHR ruling
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced
Countries performing civil unions in South America Gender-neutral civil unions. Civil unions for opposite-sex couples only. Civil unions never performed. Civil union map South America detailed.svg
Countries performing civil unions in South America
  Gender-neutral civil unions.
  Civil unions for opposite-sex couples only.
  Civil unions never performed.
Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands. Same-sex marriage Other type of partnership Unregistered cohabitation Country subject to IACHR ruling No recognition of same-sex couples Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples Same-sex sexual activity illegal but law not enforced v t e Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands.svg
Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands.
  Same-sex marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Unregistered cohabitation
  Country subject to IACHR ruling
  No recognition of same-sex couples
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but law not enforced
Countries performing civil unions in Central America and the Caribbean Islands Gender-neutral civil unions. Civil unions for opposite-sex couples only. Civil unions never performed. Civil union map Central America and the Caribbean Islands.svg
Countries performing civil unions in Central America and the Caribbean Islands
  Gender-neutral civil unions.
  Civil unions for opposite-sex couples only.
  Civil unions never performed.

Current situation

National level

StatusCountryLegal sinceCountry population
(Last count, 2015 est.)
Marriage
(11 countries)		 Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 2010 [5] 43,590,400
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 2013 [6] 205,574,000
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 2005 [7] 35,819,000
Flag of Chile.svg Chile 2022 [8] [9] 18,191,900
Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 2016 [10] 48,509,200
Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica 2020 [11] 4,851,000
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 2022 [12] 11,252,000
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 2022 [13] 121,006,000
Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador 2019 [14] 16,278,844
Flag of the United States.svg United States 2015 [15] [16] 321,234,000
Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay 2013 [17] 3,480,222
Subtotal——829,786,566
(84.62% of the American population)
Other form of recognition

† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage

 Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg Bolivia † (free unions officially recognised starting in 2020; nationwide since 2023)2023 [18] 10,985,059
Subtotal——10,985,059

(1.12% of the American population)

Total——840,771,625
(85.74% of the American population)
No recognition
(19 countries)
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage		Homosexuality is legal
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda —89,000
Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas —379,000
Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados †—283,000
Flag of Belize.svg Belize —369,000
Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica —71,000
Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador †—6,460,000
Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala †—16,176,000
Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti †—10,994,000
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua †—6,514,000
Flag of Panama.svg Panama †—3,764,000
Flag of Peru.svg Peru †—31,488,700
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis —46,000
Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname †—534,189
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago —1,357,000
Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela —31,648,930
Homosexuality is illegal but legislation is not enforced
Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana —746,900
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia —172,000
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines —110,000
Homosexuality is illegal
Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada —104,000
Subtotal——111,306,719
(11.35% of the American population)
Constitutional ban on marriage
(5 countries)
** Homosexuality is illegal
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage		 Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic †2010 [19] 9,980,000
Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras †2005 [20] [21] 8,950,000
Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica**2011 [22] 2,729,000
Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay †1992 [23] 6,854,536
Subtotal——28,513,536
(2.91% of the American population)
Total——139,820,255
(14.26% of the American population)

Sub-national level

[note 1]

StatusCountryJurisdictionLegal since
Marriage
(60 jurisdictions)
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 2016
Flag of France.svg France 2013
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 2012
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 2014
2017
Flag of the United States.svg United States 2015
Varies
Other type of partnership
(3 jurisdictions)
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 2021
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom2018
2020
Marriage recognized,
but not performed
(3 jurisdictions)		 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 2007
No recognition
(4 jurisdictions)		 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom—

2018 Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling

On 9 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion that states party to the American Convention on Human Rights must grant same-sex couples accession to all existing domestic legal systems of family registration, including marriage, along with all rights that derive from marriage. The opinion was issued after the Government of Costa Rica sought clarification of its obligations to LGBT people under the convention. [80] The opinion sets precedent for all 23 member states, 19 of which did not recognize same-sex marriage at the time of the ruling: Barbados, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Grenada, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Suriname. Of these, all but Dominica, Grenada and Jamaica recognize the jurisdiction of the Court. [81] However, states must each individually apply the ruling before it takes effect.

Future legislation

Marriage

Government proposals or proposals with a parliamentary majority

Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela: In October 2020, President Nicolás Maduro called on Congress to debate a same-sex marriage bill. [82] On 24 February 2022, Vanessa Robertazzo, deputy of the opposition Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano party, introduced a same-sex marriage bill to the National Assembly. [83]

Opposition proposals or proposals without a parliamentary majority

Flag of Aruba.svg Flag of Curacao.svg Aruba and Curaçao : The opposition Accion21 party introduced a bill to allow same-sex marriage in Parliament in June 2021. On 6 December 2022, the Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten ruled that the ban on same-sex marriage in Aruba and Curaçao was unlawful discrimination. The effect of the ruling is stayed pending appeal and cassation. [84]

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Overseas Territories : In July 2022, Labour Party Peer Lord Michael Cashman introduced a private member's bill in the House of Lords that would compel governors of each of the six British Overseas Territories where same-sex marriage is not currently legal (Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos) to pass laws legalizing it. The territories are also bound by the European Convention on Human Rights to pass laws legalizing some form of same-sex union, although to date only Bermuda and Cayman Islands have done so. [85]

Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras: In May 2022, the deputy of the Libertad y Refundación Party, Manuel Rodríguez, presented a bill in congress to legalize same-sex marriage. [86]

Other forms of partnership

Opposition proposals or proposals without a parliamentary majority

Flag of Peru.svg Peru: Congressman Alejandro Cavero has introduced a bill to allow same-sex civil unions that will not allow adoption, but it has not been brought up for debate in the justice committee. [87]

Public opinion

  Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex marriage nationwide
  Indicates that same-sex marriage is legal in certain parts of the country
  Indicates that the country has civil unions or registered partnerships
  Indicates that same-sex sexual activity is illegal
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by country
CountryPollsterYearForAgainstNeutral [lower-alpha 1] Margin
of error		Source
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda AmericasBarometer201712%-- [88]
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Ipsos202370%
16% [8% support some rights]
14% not sure±3.5% [89]
Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba 202146% [90]
Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas AmericasBarometer201411%-- [91]
Flag of Belize.svg Belize AmericasBarometer20148%-- [91]
Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg Bolivia AmericasBarometer201735%-- [88]
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Ipsos202351%
29% [15% support some rights]
20% not sure±3.5% [lower-alpha 2] [89]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Ipsos202369%
17% [7% support some rights]
15% not sure±3.5% [89]
Flag of Chile.svg Chile Ipsos202365%
24% [18% support some rights]
12%±3.5% [89]
Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Ipsos202349%33% [21% support some rights]
18% [89]
Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica CIEP201835%64%1% [92]
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Gallup201963.1%36.9% [93]
Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica AmericasBarometer201710%-- [88]
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic CDN 37201845%55%- [94]
Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador AmericasBarometer201922.9%51.3%25.8% [95]
Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Universidad Francisco Gavidia202182.5% [96]
Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada AmericasBarometer201712%-- [88]
Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala AmericasBarometer201723%-- [88]
Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana AmericasBarometer201721%-- [91]
Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti AmericasBarometer20175%-- [88]
Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras CID Gallup201817%75%8% [97]
Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica AmericasBarometer201716%-- [88]
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Ipsos202358%
28% [17% support some rights]
14% not sure±4.8% [lower-alpha 2] [89]
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua AmericasBarometer201725%-- [88]
Flag of Panama.svg Panama AmericasBarometer201722%-- [88]
Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay AmericasBarometer201726%-- [88]
Flag of Peru.svg Peru Ipsos202341%40% [24% support some rights]
19%±3.5% [lower-alpha 2] [89]
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis AmericasBarometer20179%-- [88]
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia AmericasBarometer201711%-- [88]
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines AmericasBarometer20174%-- [88]
Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname AmericasBarometer201418%-- [91]
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago AmericasBarometer201416%-- [91]
Flag of the United States.svg United States Marquette202272%
28%
– [98]
Selzer202274%
(83%)		13%
(17%)		13% not sure [99] [100]
Quinnipiac202268%
(77%)		22%
(23%)		10% [101]
Ipsos202354%
31% [14% support some rights]
15% not sure±3.5% [89]
Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Equipos Consultores201959%28%13% [102]
Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Equilibrium Cende202355%
(63%)		32%
(37%)		13% [103]
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by dependent territory and sub-national entities
CountryPollsterYearForAgainstNeutral [lower-alpha 1] Margin
of error		Source
Flag of Aguascalientes.svg Aguascalientes INEGI2017-35.9%- [104]
Flag of Baja California.svg Baja California INEGI2017-30.7%- [104]
Flag of Baja California Sur.svg Baja California Sur INEGI2017-42.1%- [104]
Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda OUTBermuda202053%35%11% [105]
Flag of Campeche.svg Campeche INEGI2017-56.1%- [104]
Flag of Chiapas.svg Chiapas INEGI2017-58.7%- [104]
Flag of Chihuahua.svg Chihuahua INEGI2017-36.4%- [104]
Flag of Coahuila.svg Coahuila INEGI2017-46.8%- [104]
Flag of Colima.svg Colima INEGI2017-39.2%- [104]
Flag of Durango.png Durango INEGI2017-38.8%- [104]
Flag of Guanajuato.svg Guanajuato INEGI2017-38.7%- [104]
Flag of Guerrero.svg Guerrero INEGI2017-54%- [104]
Flag of Hidalgo.svg Hidalgo INEGI2017-41.7%- [104]
Flag of Jalisco.svg Jalisco INEGI2017-34.2%- [104]
Flag of Mexico City.svg Mexico City INEGI2017-28.6%- [104]
Flag of Michoacan.svg Michoacán INEGI2017-46%- [104]
Flag of Morelos.svg Morelos INEGI2017-38.5%- [104]
Flag of Nayarit.svg Nayarit INEGI2017-38.8%- [104]
Flag of Nuevo Leon.svg Nuevo León INEGI2017-44.4%- [104]
Flag of Oaxaca.svg Oaxaca INEGI2017-52.2%- [104]
Flag of Puebla.svg Puebla INEGI2017-37.1%- [104]
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Puerto Rico Pew Research Center201433%55%12% [106]
Flag of Queretaro.svg Querétaro INEGI2017-32.4%- [104]
Flag of Quintana Roo.svg Quintana Roo INEGI2017-37.9%- [104]
Flag of San Luis Potosi.svg San Luis Potosí INEGI2017-38.6%- [104]
Flag of Sinaloa.svg Sinaloa INEGI2017-37.7%- [104]
Flag of Sonora.svg Sonora INEGI2017-31.4%- [104]
Flag of the State of Mexico.svg State of Mexico INEGI2017-33.8%- [104]
Flag of Tabasco.svg Tabasco INEGI2017-56.5%- [104]
Flag of Tamaulipas.svg Tamaulipas INEGI2017-44.4%- [104]
Flag of Tlaxcala.svg Tlaxcala INEGI2017-43.9%- [104]
Flag of Veracruz.svg Veracruz INEGI2017-54.3%- [104]
Flag of the Republic of Yucatan.svg Yucatán INEGI2017-43%- [104]
Flag of Zacatecas.svg Zacatecas INEGI2017-37.4%- [104]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Excluding certain Native American tribes. Same-sex marriage is legal in at least 42 of them.
  1. ↑ Note: While listed here under “subnational level,” US Tribes are considered Nations both in a legal sense and when it comes to preferred language. The United States Government recognizes US Tribal Nations as “Domestic Dependent Nations” under the law in a government-to government relationship. Tribal nations exercise sovereignty, though Congress has ultimate authority under the Plenary Power Doctrine which is why tribal nations are placed here under an imperfect multi-purpose umbrella term [24] [25] [26]
  1. 1 2 Also comprises: Don't know; No answer; Other; Refused.
  2. 1 2 3 [+ more urban/educated than representative]

Related Research Articles

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Chile since 10 March 2022. In June 2021, President Sebastián Piñera announced that his government would sponsor a bill to legalize same-sex marriage. The Senate of Chile passed the legislation on 21 July 2021, and the Chamber of Deputies gave its approval on 23 November 2021. Disagreements on some aspects of the bill led to the formation of a mixed commission to discuss it. Both chambers of the National Congress approved an identical version of the bill on 7 December 2021. President Piñera signed the legislation into law on 9 December, and it was published in the Diario Oficial de la República de Chile on 10 December. The law took effect 90 days later, with the first same-sex marriages taking place on 10 March 2022. Chile was the sixth country in South America and the 29th in the world to allow same-sex couples to marry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Same-sex marriage in Mexico</span>

Same-sex marriage is legally recognized and performed throughout Mexico since 31 December 2022. On 10 August 2010 the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ruled that same-sex marriages performed anywhere within Mexico must be recognized by the 31 states without exception, and fundamental spousal rights except for adoption have also applied to same-sex couples across the country. Mexico was the fifth country in North America and the 33rd worldwide to allow same-sex couples to marry nationwide.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Colombia since 28 April 2016 in accordance with a 6–3 ruling from the Constitutional Court of Colombia that banning same-sex marriage is unconstitutional under the Constitution of Colombia. The decision took effect immediately, and made Colombia the fourth country in South America to legalize same-sex marriage, after Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The first same-sex marriage was performed in Cali on 24 May 2016. Colombia has also recognised same-sex de facto unions, providing some of the rights and benefits of marriage, since 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in the Americas</span>

Laws governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights are complex and diverse in the Americas, and acceptance of LGBT persons varies widely.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Ecuador since 8 July 2019 in accordance with a Constitutional Court ruling issued on 12 June 2019 that the ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional under the Constitution of Ecuador. The ruling took effect upon publication in the government gazette on 8 July. Ecuador became the fifth country in South America to allow same-sex couples to marry, after Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia, but adoption by married couples remains restricted to opposite-sex couples. The country has also recognized same-sex civil unions since 2008.

Venezuela does not recognize same-sex unions. In 2008, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice ruled that the Constitution of Venezuela neither prohibits nor requires the recognition of same-sex marriage. In January 2015, a lawsuit seeking to legalise same-sex marriage in Venezuela was filed with the Supreme Tribunal, which announced in April 2016 that it would hear the case, though no decision has been made as of August 2023. On 24 February 2022, a deputy of the opposition Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano party introduced a same-sex marriage bill to the National Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Same-sex union legislation</span> Laws about the recognition of same-sex couples

Same-sex marriage is legal in the following countries: Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Uruguay.

El Salvador does not recognize same-sex marriage, civil unions or any other legal union for same-sex couples. A proposal to constitutionally ban same-sex marriage and adoption by same-sex couples was rejected twice in 2006, and once again in April 2009 after the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) refused to grant the measure the four votes it needed to be ratified.

Same-sex marriage is legal in the following countries: Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Uruguay. Same-sex marriage is recognized, but not performed in Israel. Furthermore, same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands are recognized in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Morelos since 5 July 2016. A bill to amend the State Constitution to legalize same-sex marriage in Morelos passed Congress on 18 May 2016 by 20 votes to 6. Ratification by a majority of the state's 33 municipalities was confirmed on 27 June 2016. The law was published in the official state gazette on 4 July 2016 and took effect the following day.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Querétaro since 13 November 2021. On 22 September 2021, the state Congress passed a law legalizing same-sex marriage in Querétaro. The law was published in the state's official gazette on 12 November, and took effect the following day. Previously, same-sex couples could marry in eight of the eighteen municipalities of Querétaro, comprising 60% of the state's population, despite a state law prohibiting same-sex marriage.

Same-sex marriage is legal in Puebla in accordance with a ruling from the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation. On 1 August 2017, the Supreme Court ruled that the same-sex marriage ban containted in the state's Civil Code violated Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico, legalizing same-sex marriage in the state of Puebla. The ruling was officially published in the Official Journal of the Federation on 16 February 2018.

Same-sex unions are currently not recognized in Honduras. Since 2005, the Constitution of Honduras has explicitly banned same-sex marriage. In January 2022, the Supreme Court dismissed a challenge to this ban, but a request for the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to review whether the ban violates the American Convention on Human Rights is pending. A same-sex marriage bill was introduced to Congress in May 2022.

Same-sex marriage is legal in Nuevo León is legal in accordance with a ruling from the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation on 19 February 2019 that the state's ban on same-sex marriage violated the Constitution of Mexico. The ruling came into effect on 31 May 2019 upon publication in the Official Journal of the Federation. By statute, in Mexico, if any five rulings from the courts on a single issue result in the same outcome, legislatures are bound to change the law. In the case of Nuevo León, almost 20 individual amparos were decided with the same outcome, yet the state did not act. On 19 February 2019, the Supreme Court issued a definitive ruling in an action of unconstitutionality, declaring the state's same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional, void and unenforceable. Same-sex marriage was codified into law by the Nuevo León Congress on 14 June 2023.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Zacatecas since 30 December 2021. On 14 December 2021, the Congress of Zacatecas passed a same-sex marriage bill by 18 votes to 10. The legislation was published in the official state gazette on 29 December, and came into force the following day. Prior to statewide legalisation, five municipalities of Zacatecas issued marriage licenses to same-sex couples despite a state ban, comprising about a quarter of the state population. These five municipalities were Zacatecas City, Cuauhtémoc, Villanueva, Miguel Auza and Fresnillo.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Hidalgo since 11 June 2019. A bill for the legalization of same-sex marriages in Hidalgo was approved by the state Congress on 14 May 2019. It was published in the official state journal on 10 June and took effect the following day.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in San Luis Potosí since 21 May 2019. The state Congress approved a bill to legalize same-sex marriage on 16 May 2019. It was signed into law by Governor Juan Manuel Carreras on 17 May and published in the official state journal on 20 May. The law took effect the following day, legalizing same-sex marriage in San Luis Potosí.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Yucatán since 4 March 2022. On 25 August 2021, the Congress of Yucatán removed a constitutional ban on same-sex marriages. The new law entered into force on 7 September 2021. Congress had 180 days to change statutory law to accommodate same-sex marriage, and did so unanimously on 1 March. The law took effect three days later, and made Yucatán the 25th Mexican state to legalize same-sex marriage.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Tabasco since 27 October 2022. A bill to legalise same-sex marriage was passed by the Congress of Tabasco on 19 October 2022. It was signed by Governor Carlos Manuel Merino Campos, and published in the official state journal on 26 October, taking effect the next day. Tabasco was the fourth-to-last state in Mexico to legalize same-sex marriage.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Tamaulipas since 19 November 2022. On 26 October 2022, the Congress of Tamaulipas passed a bill to legalize same-sex marriage in a 23–12 vote. The bill was published in the official state journal on 18 November, and took effect the following day. Tamaulipas was the second-to-last state in Mexico to legalize same-sex marriage.

References

  1. ↑ Vallecillo, Luis (21 January 2022). "Corte Suprema de Justicia de Honduras impide que personas LGBTQ puedan casarse y tengan derechos civiles". The Washington Blade (in Spanish).
  2. ↑ "La sentencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Panamá sobre matrimonio igualitario: un desacierto interpretativo - Agenda Estado de Derecho" (in Spanish). 2023-05-24. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  3. ↑ de 2022, Por Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg15 de Junio (15 June 2022). "Por qué la más reciente decisión en Perú contra el matrimonio igualitario es un despropósito legal". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2022-07-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ "LGBTQIA-gemeenschap krijgt bittere pil te slikken" [LGBTQIA community has a bitter pill to swallow]. de Ware Tijd (in Dutch). 2023-02-01. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  5. ↑ (in Spanish) Ley 26.618
  6. ↑ (in Portuguese) DIÁRIO DA JUSTIÇA CONSELHO NACIONAL DE JUSTIÇA Edição nº 89/2013
  7. ↑ "Canada passes bill to legalize gay marriage". The New York Times. June 29, 2005. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  8. ↑ Nacional, Biblioteca del Congreso. "LEY NÚM. 21.400 MODIFICA DIVERSOS CUERPOS LEGALES PARA REGULAR, EN IGUALDAD DE CONDICIONES, EL MATRIMONIO ENTRE PERSONAS DEL MISMO SEXO". www.bcn.cl/leychile (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  9. ↑ (in Spanish) Ley número 20.830. - Crea el Acuerdo de Unión Civil
  10. ↑ "Histórico: Colombia tiene matrimonio homosexual". El Tiempo. 7 April 2016.
  11. ↑ WRAL (2020-05-26). "Costa Rica latest country to legalize same-sex marriage". WRAL.com. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  12. ↑ "Cuba Family Code: Country votes to legalise same-sex marriage". BBC News. 2022-09-26. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
  13. ↑ "Supreme court rules gay weddings valid in all Mexico". BBC News. 10 August 2010.
  14. ↑ "Decisión de matrimonio igualitario deberá publicarse en Gaceta Constitucional". El Universo (in Spanish). 2019-06-12. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  15. ↑ Wolf, Richard (June 26, 2015). "Supreme Court strikes down bans on same-sex marriage". USA Today. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  16. ↑ Liptak, Adam (26 June 2015). "Gay Marriage Backers Win Supreme Court Victory". The New York Times . Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  17. ↑ (in Spanish) Ley Nº 19.075 MATRIMONIO IGUALITARIO
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  19. ↑ (in Spanish) Constitución Política de la República Dominicana, proclamada el 26 de enero 2010, Publicada en la Gaceta Oficial No. 10561, del 26 de enero de 2010.
  20. ↑ (in Spanish) CONSTITUCION POLITICA DE LA REPUBLICA DE HONDURAS DE 1982
  21. ↑ "Honduras Bans Gay Marriage & Adoption". Global Gayz. March 30, 2005. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  22. ↑ Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (Constitutional Amendment) Act, 2011
  23. ↑ "Paraguay – Constitution" . Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  24. ↑ "About Native Americans". 16 June 2014.
  25. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions | Indian Affairs".
  26. ↑ http://www.ncai.org/attachments/policypaper_vmqazpeqbvzdmeadvbupwtszlmzyzbkoknqrxnuyovmoyfkewgh_tribal%20nations%20and%20the%20united%20states_an%20introduction.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
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  30. ↑ 12 facts about South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands - where you could be the first LGBTI couple to wed. Gay Star News, 26 January 2018
  31. ↑ Falkland Islands Same-Sex Marriage Update
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  33. ↑ "Bay Mills News, July 2019" (PDF). www.baymillsnews.com. p. 3. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  34. ↑ Federal Judge Rules Against Montana's Ban On Same-Sex Marriage
  35. ↑ "Blue Lake Rancheria Ordinance 13-08" (PDF). Bluelakerancheria-nsn.gov. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  36. ↑ "Tribal court to conduct same-sex marriages". Juneau Empire. February 23, 2015. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  37. ↑ Cherokee Nation attorney general OKs same-sex marriage
  38. ↑ "Same-sex Oklahoma couple marries legally under tribal law". KOCO. September 26, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  39. ↑ "Chickasaw Nation Code Title 6".
  40. ↑ "'We're good enough to foster, but we're not good enough to adopt?' Tribal Nation denies citizens' adoption because of same-sex marriage". KFOR.com Oklahoma City. 2023-05-24. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  41. ↑ "Domestic Relations Code: Article 2: Marriage and Divorce" (PDF). CRIT. August 8, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  42. ↑ "Title Another tribe recognizes same-sex marriages". Daily Kos. Retrieved 2016-07-27.
  43. ↑ Siletz Tribe becomes latest to join marriage equality movement, Indianz.Com, June 4, 2015
  44. ↑ "Colvilles recognize same sex marriage". 7 September 2013.
  45. ↑ "Tribal Council approves new marriage ordinance". Confederated Tribes of Grande Ronde. Archived from the original on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  46. ↑ Robinson, B.A. (May 5, 2012). "Adoption of SSM by the Coquille Nation of Oregon". Same-sex marriage (SSM) among Native Americans. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance.
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  49. ↑ Legal hurdles cleared, Nevada sees first same-sex marriage
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 Federal Judge Strikes Down Arizona's Same-Sex Marriage Ban
  51. ↑ Minnesota set to legalize same-sex marriage
  52. ↑ Resolution # 22-40.3452, Certification of Tribal Council Action. Special Session of May 25, 2022
  53. ↑ "Civil Code: Marriage" (PDF). Hannahville Indian Community. Retrieved September 21, 2022.
  54. ↑ Same-sex marriage provisions approved by Ho-Chunk Legislature
  55. ↑ "Santa Ysabel Tribe First in California to Support Same-Sex Marriage". Indian Country Today Media Network. June 28, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  56. ↑ "Keweenaw Bay Indian Community backs marriage equality law". Indianz.com. June 10, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  57. ↑ Supreme Court Rejects Gay Marriage Appeals From 5 States
  58. ↑ "8th US Native American tribe allows same-sex couples to wed". Gay Star News. 16 November 2013.
  59. ↑ "Council of Michigan Indian tribe OKs gay marriage". Seattle Post-Intelligencer . Associated Press. March 5, 2013. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  60. ↑ Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Laws Annotated 2010-2011 Pocket Part
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  63. ↑ "Oglala Sioux Tribe legalizes same-sex marriage, considering updated hate crime law". Argus Leader.
  64. ↑ Ted Miller (28 May 2015). "Oneida Tribe approves same-sex marriage". WBAY. Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  65. ↑ Native American Osage Nation Votes in Favor of Same-Sex Marriage
  66. ↑ POKAGON BAND OF POTAWATOMI INDIANS MARRIAGE CODE
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  68. ↑ Forget Las Vegas. There's Heronswood.
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  72. ↑ "CHAPTER 61 STOCKBRIDGE-MUNSEE TRIBAL LAW MARRIAGE" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-25.
  73. ↑ Gardner, Steven (August 1, 2011). "Suquamish Tribe approves same-sex marriage". Kitsap Sun . Archived from the original on August 3, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
  74. ↑ "Tulalip Tribal Codes" . Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  75. ↑ "Turtle Mountain tribe passes marriage equality vote". 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  76. ↑ Enactment of Ordinance No. 261, Amending the Domestic Relations Code of the White Mountain Apache Tribe
  77. ↑ "Winnebago Tribe takes action to address marriage controversy". 2022-04-13. Retrieved 2022-06-14.
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  81. ↑ The Inter-American System of Human Rights: A Research Guide
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