Scaled sculpin

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Scaled sculpin
Spatulate Sculpin.jpg
Icelus spatula
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Cottidae
Subfamily: Cottinae
Genus: Icelus
Krøyer, 1845
Type species
Icelus hamatus
Krøyer, 1845 [1]
Species

See text.

Synonyms [1]
  • Agonocottus Pavlenko, 1910
  • Icelichthys Schmidt, 1935
  • Ochotskia Schmidt, 1916

The scaled sculpins, Icelus, are a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. Most of the fishes in this genus are found in the northern Pacific Ocean but they also occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Contents

Taxonomy

The scaled sculpin genus, Icelus was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1845 by the Danish zoologist Henrik Nikolai Krøyer when he described Icelus hamatus as a new species from Belsund in Spitsbergen. [1] [2] L. hamatus has since been determined to be synonym of Cottus bicornis , which had been described by Johan Reinhardt in 1840 from East Greenland. [2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Artediellus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae, [3] however, other authors classify the genus within the subfamily Icelinae of the family Psychrolutidae. [1] Previously this genus was classified as the only genus in the family Icelidae which was proposed in 1923 by David Starr Jordan. [4]

Etymology

The scaled sculpin genus name, Icelus, is the name of one of the sons of Hypnus, a Greek god of sleep and is a reference to the sluggish movements of many northern sculpin species. [5]

Species

The 17 recognised species in this genus are: [6] [2]

Characteristics

Scaled sculpins are characterised by having a single row of large, spiny plate-like scales underneath the dorsal fins, having spinous tube-like scales on the lateral line, they have scales on the axil of the pectoral fins as well as on the upper part of the eye. They also have a spine or bump on the nuchal bone. [7] These fishes vary in size from the smallest, I. sekii, with a maximum published standard length of 5.3 cm (2.1 in), to the largest, I. cataphractus, which has a maximum published total length of 30 cm (12 in). [6]

Distribution

Scaled sculpins are mainly Pacific species, 16 of the 18 species being found in the North Pacific Ocean, with 2 species, the twohorn sculpin (I. bicornis) and the spatulate sculpin (I. spatula) being found in the Atlantic Ocean, the latter also being found in the Arctic Ocean. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sculpin</span> Fish of the superfamily Cottoidea

A sculpin is a type of fish that belongs to the superfamily Cottoidea in the order Scorpaeniformes. As of 2006, this superfamily contains 7 families, 94 genera, and 387 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cottidae</span> Family of fishes

The Cottidae are a family of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins. It is the largest sculpin family, with about 275 species in 70 genera. They are referred to simply as cottids to avoid confusion with sculpins of other families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psychrolutidae</span> Family of fishes

The fish family Psychrolutidae contains over 35 recognized species in 8 genera. This family consists of bottom-dwelling marine sculpins shaped like tadpoles, with large heads and bodies that taper back into small, flat tails. The skin is loosely attached and movable, and the layer underneath it is gelatinous. The eyes are placed high on the head, focused forward closer to the tip of the snout. Members of the family generally have large, leaf-like pectoral fins and lack scales, although some species are covered with soft spines. This is important to the species as the depths in which they live are highly pressurized and they are ambush/opportunistic/foraging predators that do not expend energy unless they are forced to.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stichaeidae</span> Family of fishes

Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies, are a family of marine ray-finned fishes in the suborder Zoarcoidei of the order Scorpaeniformes. Most species are found in the North Pacific Ocean with a few in the North Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Archistes</i> Genus of fishes

Archistes is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. the two species in this genus are found in the northern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Artediellus</i> Genus of fishes

Artediellus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. Most of the fishes in this genus are found in the northern Pacific Ocean but they also occur in the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans.

<i>Artedius</i> Genus of fishes

Artedius is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern Pacific Ocean.

Astrocottus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Bero elegans</i> Species of fish

Bero elegans is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. This species grows to a length of 20 centimetres (7.9 in) TL. It is the only known member of the genus Bero.

Bolinia is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This taxon is endemic to the northern Pacific Ocean around the Aleutian Islands of Amukta, Carlisle, and Semisopochnoi. It is found at depths of between 201 to 410 metres. This species grows to a length of 18.9 centimetres (7.4 in) SL. The only species in the genus is Bolinia euryptera.

<i>Gymnocanthus</i> Genus of fishes

Gymnocanthus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern Pacific, Arctic and northern Atlantic Oceans.

<i>Hemilepidotus</i> Genus of fishes

Hemilepidotus, the Irish lords, is a genus of ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Agonidae, the poachers and sea ravens. These fishes are found in northern Pacific, northern Atlantic and the Arctic Oceans.

<i>Icelinus</i> Genus of fishes

Icelinusis a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern and eastern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Microcottus</i> Genus of fishes

Microcottus is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern Pacific Ocean.

The spineless sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the Pacific Ocean where it is endemic to the waters around the Aleutian Islands, Alaska.

Porocottus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern and northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Rastrinus</i> Species of fish

Rastrinus is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the "typical" sculpins. The only species in the genus is Rastrinus scutiger which is found from the Gulf of Alaska to the Bering Sea in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. It is a deep water species, occurring at depths of from 100 to 740 metres, most commonly found at 200 to 300 metres. This species grows to a length of 16 centimetres (6.3 in) total length.

<i>Zesticelus</i> Genus of fishes

Zesticelus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cottinae</span> Subfamily of ray-finned fishes

Cottinae is a subfamily of ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. The subfamily has species throughout the northern hemisphere in both marine and freshwater habitats.

The spinynose sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean from Alaska south to Washington and the San Juan Islands. The spinynose sculpin is the only species in the monospecific genus Asemichthys. This sculpin lays its eggs on the egg masses of the buffalo sculpin, thought to be a strategy to take advantage of the larger fish’s egg guarding behaviour.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Icelinae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Icelus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  3. ↑ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6.
  4. ↑ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 . PMID   25543675.
  5. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 October 2022). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Icelus in FishBase . August 2022 version.
  7. ↑ Matthew L. Knope (2013). "Phylogenetics of the marine sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae) of the North American Pacific Coast". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66: 341–349. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.008.
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