Selinum carvifolia

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Selinum carvifolia
Selinum carvifolia eF.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Selinum
Species:
S. carvifolia
Binomial name
Selinum carvifolia
(L.) L.
Synonyms [1]
  • Angelica carvifolia var. pratensisWallr.
  • Angelica carvifolia var. proliferaKlett & Richt.
  • Angelica carvifolia var. sylvaticaWallr., not validly publ.
  • Angelica carvifolia(L.) Vill.
  • Athamanta carvifolia(L.) Weber
  • Carum sulcatumSteud.
  • Carvi sulcatumBernh., nom. superfl.
  • Cnidium carvifolium(L.) M.Bieb.
  • Laserpitium selinoidesScop., nom. illeg.
  • Ligusticum carvifoliaCaruel
  • Mylinum carvifolium(L.) Gaudin
  • Oreoselinum pseudocarvifoliumHoffm.
  • Peucedanum cuneifoliumVill. ex Steud., not validly publ.
  • Selinon carvifolium(L.) St.-Lag.
  • Selinum acutangulumGilib.
  • Selinum angulatumLam.
  • Selinum carvifolia-linnaeiJacq., nom. superfl.
  • Selinum membranaceumVill.
  • Selinum pratenseRöhl., nom. illeg.
  • Selinum pseudocarvifoliaAll.
  • Selinum seguireiBaumg.
  • Selinum silvaticumRöhl.
  • Selinum tenuifoliumSalisb.
  • Seseli carvifoliaL., nom. cons.

Selinum carvifolia is a flowering plant of the genus Selinum in the family Apiaceae. The specific name carvifolia signifies 'having leaves resembling those of Caraway'. [2] It is a plant of fens and damp meadows, growing in most of Europe, with the exception of much of the Mediterranean region, eastwards to Central Asia. Its common name in English is Cambridge milk parsley, because it is confined, in the UK, to the county of Cambridgeshire and closely resembles milk parsley ( Peucedanum palustre ), an umbellifer of another genus, but found in similar habitats. The two plants are not only similar in appearance, but also grow in similar moist habitats, although they may be told apart in the following manner: P. palustre has hollow, often purplish stems, pinnatifid leaf lobes and deflexed bracteoles; while S. carvifolia has solid, greenish stems, entire or sometimes lobed leaf-lobes and erecto-patent bracteoles. Also, when the two plants are in fruit, another difference becomes apparent: the three dorsal ridges on the fruit of S. carvifolia are winged, while those on the fruit of P. palustre are not. Yet a further difference lies in the respective leaflets of the plants : those of Peucedanum palustre are blunt and pale at the tip, while those of Selinum carvifolia are sharply pointed and of a darker green. [3] S. carvifolia used also to occur in the English counties of Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire but is now extinct in both. Growing in only three small Cambridgeshire fens, it is one of England's rarest umbellifers. [4] It is naturalized in the United States, where it is known by the common name little-leaf angelica. [5]

Contents

Taxonomy

The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Seseli carvifolia. In 1762, he transferred it to the genus Selinum as Selinum carvifolia. [6] Linnaeus capitalized the epithet, [7] implying it was meant as a noun in apposition rather than an adjective.

Distribution and habitat

Selinum carvifolia is native to Europe and eastwards to West Siberia and Kazakhstan. [1]

In the UK, this lowland, perennial herb occurs in fens, damp meadows and rough-grazed marshy pasture on calcareous peaty soils or fen peat overlying chalk. It does not, however, grow on the wettest ground in fens, preferring slightly better-drained fringe areas and low banks. In continental Europe, by contrast, it has been recorded in a much wider range of habitats, including oakwoods in Poland, and, curiouser still, hot dry limestone in Bosnia and Croatia. [8]

Chemistry

Selinum carvifolia has been found to contain a guaiene, certain trimethylbenzaldehydes (see also pages aldehyde and benzaldehyde) and minor amounts of other derivatives of the terpenoid (sesquiterpene-coumarin) ferulol. The main constituents of the closely related species S. broteri of Brittany (regarded by some botanists as a subspecies of S. carvifolia) are ferulyl senecioate, isoferulyl senecioate and ferulyl acetoxysenecioate. [9] [10] Trimethylbenzaldehydes occur not only in plants belonging to the Apiaceae, but also in certain members of the Iridaceae: 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde occurs in a variety of herbs and spices including Culantro (the leaves of the apiaceous Eryngium foetidum ) and in Saffron (derived from the iridaceous Crocus sativus ). [11] The compound ferulol was first isolated from (and thus named for) the apiaceous genus Ferula in the year 2006 - the species in question being the Palestinian F. sinaica. [12]

Edibility/toxicity

As its common name in English suggests, Selinum carvifolia has a somewhat parsley-like scent if crushed, although unlike Caraway (from which its specific name derives) it is not a highly aromatic Umbellifer. [13] Records of its having been used as a food, seasoning or medicinal plant are hard to come by, but neither is it listed as a poisonous plant. [14]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strumpshaw Fen RSPB reserve</span>

Strumpshaw Fen is a nature reserve managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). It is situated at Strumpshaw on the River Yare in the English county of Norfolk around 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Norwich. The Buckenham Marshes RSPB reserve borders the reserve to the east.

<i>Oenanthe</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the umbellifer family Apiaceae

Oenanthe, known as water dropworts, oenanthes, water parsleys, and water celeries, are a genus of plants in the family Apiaceae. Most of the species grow in damp ground, such as in marshes or in water.

<i>Eryngium maritimum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium maritimum, the sea holly or sea eryngo, or sea eryngium, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae and native to most European coastlines. It resembles a thistle in appearance because of its burr-shaped inflorescences. Despite its common name, it is not a true holly but an umbellifer.

<i>Smyrnium olusatrum</i> Species of flowering plant

Smyrnium olusatrum, common name alexanders is an edible flowering plant of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), which grows on waste ground and in hedges around the Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal regions of Europe. It was formerly widely grown as a pot herb, but is now appreciated mostly by foragers.

<i>Peucedanum palustre</i> Species of flowering plant

Peucedanum palustre (milk-parsley) is an almost glabrous biennial plant in the family Apiaceae. It is so called in English because of the thin, foetid, milky latex found in its young parts and is native to most of Europe, extending eastwards to Central Asia. Another English common name for the plant is marsh hog's fennel.

<i>Anthriscus sylvestris</i> Species of flowering plant

Anthriscus sylvestris, known as cow parsley, wild chervil, wild beaked parsley, Queen Anne's lace or keck, is a herbaceous biennial or short-lived perennial plant in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), genus Anthriscus. It is also sometimes called mother-die, a name that is also applied to the common hawthorn. It is native to Europe, western Asia and northwestern Africa. It is related to other diverse members of Apiaceae, such as parsley, carrot, hemlock and hogweed. It is often confused with Daucus carota, another member of the Apiaceae also known as "Queen Anne's lace" or "wild carrot".

<i>Meum</i> Species of flowering plant

Meum is a monotypic genus in the family Apiaceae. Its only species is Meum athamanticum, a glabrous, highly aromatic, perennial plant. Common names in the UK include baldmoney, meu or meum, and spignel.

<i>Peucedanum verticillare</i> Species of flowering plant

Peucedanum verticillare, common name giant hog fennel or milk parsley, is a herbaceous plant in the genus Peucedanum of the family Apiaceae.

<i>Eryngium planum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium planum, the blue eryngo or flat sea holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the area that includes central and southeastern Europe and central Asia. It is an herbaceous perennial thistle growing to 50 cm (20 in) with branched silvery-blue stems, and numerous small blue conical flowerheads surrounded by spiky bracts in summer.

<i>Epermenia chaerophyllella</i> Species of moth

Epermenia chaerophyllella, also known as the garden lance-wing, is a moth of the family Epermeniidae first described by Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1783. It is found in all of Europe and Asia Minor.

Parsley or garden parsley most often refers to the widely cultivated culinary herb Petroselinum crispum

<i>Peucedanum officinale</i> Species of flowering plant

Peucedanum officinale is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Apiaceae found mainly in Central Europe and Southern Europe. It is also native to the UK, where it has the common names hog's fennel and sulphurweed, but it is a rare plant there, occurring only in certain localities in the counties of Essex and Kent. It was formerly also found near the town of Shoreham-by-Sea in the county of West Sussex, but has long been extinct there.

<i>Ligusticopsis wallichiana</i> Species of plant

Ligusticopsis wallichiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. In cultivation, it has been known by the synonym Selinum wallichianum.

Selinum is a Eurasiatic genus of flowering plants in the parsley family Apiaceae.

<i>Silaum silaus</i> Species of flowering plant

Silaum silaus, commonly known as pepper-saxifrage, is a perennial plant in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) found across south-eastern, central, and western Europe, including the British Isles. It grows in damp grasslands on neutral soils.

Milk parsley is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

<i>Tordylium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Tordylium is a genus of flowering plants in the carrot family (Apiaceae). Members of the genus are known as hartworts.

Fennel is a species of plant, Foeniculum vulgare

<i>Oenanthe fistulosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenanthe fistulosa, tubular water-dropwort, is a flowering plant in the carrot family, native to Europe, North Africa and western parts of Asia. It is an uncommon plant of wetlands, growing around pools and along ditches, mainly in areas of high conservation value.

References

  1. 1 2 "Selinum carvifolia (L.) L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-01-13.
  2. Murray, Lady Charlotte (c. 1799) A Descriptive Catalogue of Hardy Plants, Indigenous Or Cultivated in the Climate of Great Britain; with Their Generic and Specific Characters, Latin and English Names, Native Country, and Time of Flowering 3rd edition 1808, volume 1, p. 227.
  3. Blamey, Marjorie; Fitter, Richard; Fitter, Alastair (2013). Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland (2nd ed.). London: Bloomsbury. ISBN   978-1-4081-7950-5.
  4. Umbellifers of the British Isles B.S.B.I. Handbook No.2. Tutin, T.G. Pub. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London 1980.
  5. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Selenocarpus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  6. "Selinum carvifolia (L.) L." The International Plant Names Index . Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  7. Linnaeus, Carl (1762). "Selinum". Species plantarum. Vol. 1 (2 ed.). p. 350. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  8. Online Atlas of the Flora of UK and Ireland
  9. Reduron, J-P Notes on the Umbelliferae of France, with special reference to poorly known taxa South African Journal of Botany 2004, 70(3): 449–457
  10. Farahi SM (2001) Étude phytochimique d’Apiacées: Selinum broteri, Eryngium giganteum, Ammi huntii. Chemistry Thesis, University Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
  11. "2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde".
  12. Ahmed, Ahmed A.; Mohamed, Abou El-Hamd H.; El-Razek, Mohamed H. Abd; Hegazy, Mohamed-Elamir F. (2007). "Ferulol and epi-Samarcandin, Two New Sesquiterpene Coumarins from Ferula Sinaica". Natural Product Communications. 2 (5): 1934578X0700200. doi: 10.1177/1934578X0700200502 . S2CID   132600248.
  13. Burton, James M. "Selinum carvifolia (L) Cambridge Milk-Parsley". An Online Encyclopedia : The Apiaceae (Umbelliferae/Carrot/Parsley) Family of the British Isles. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  14. Cooper, Marion R. and Johnson, Anthony W. Poisonous Plants in Britain and their effects on Animals and Man Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Reference Book 161 (replacing Bulletin 161), pub. London U.K. : HMSO 1984 ISBN   0 11 242529 1