Short-tailed opossum

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Short-tailed opossums
Monodelphis domestica.jpg
Gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Didelphimorphia
Family: Didelphidae
Tribe: Marmosini
Genus: Monodelphis
Burnett, 1830
Type species
Monodelphis brachyura
Burnett, 1830
(= Didelphis brevicaudata Erxleben, 1777)
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • PeramysLesson 1842
  • MonodelphiopsMatschie 1916
  • HemiurusGervais 1855
  • MinuaniaCabrera 1919

Monodelphis is a genus of marsupials in the family Didelphidae, commonly referred to as short-tailed opossums. They are found throughout South America. As of January 2019, the most recently described species is M. vossi. [1] [2]

Contents

Species

Species limits are based on fur coloration with additional details coming from differences in the skull and teeth. [3]

Behavior

Short-tailed opossums show a rich repertoire of stereotyped behaviors. [4] Postures, locomotion, and grooming behaviours are similar to those of other didelphids. They also can carry nest materials using their short prehensile tails. [4]

Short-tailed opossums show specialized behaviors for dealing with challenging prey. [4] For example, attacks and initial consumption of large insects are initially directed to the insect's head, hairy caterpillars are scratched to get rid of the urticating hairs, and mice are attacked using a throat clamp technique. [4]

Chemosensory communication

Short-tailed opossums have been found to use nuzzling in chemosensory and exploratory behavior for recognizing individuals of the same species. In Monodelphis domestica , nuzzling and snout-rubbing transforms odor from dry components like glandular secretions, feces, and urine, into moist naso-oral secretions that reach the vomeronasal organ to be processed chemically. Typically, this behavior is used to recognize individual familiar or new scents from the same species, with males typically being drawn to more novel scents from the same species. [5]

Reproduction

The genus Monodelphis is marsupial; they are born under-developed and then mature further in the mother's pouch. In Monodelphis, the young first come off the teat in 12 days, whereas this occurs at 48 days in the related genus Didelphis. Most of the events in this process occur about 2–4 weeks later in Didelphis than in Monodelphis. This may be related to the shorter longevity of the species of Monodelphis compared to other marsupials who nurse for a longer period. [6] M. dimidiata is unusual in that it is a semelparous species, something rarely seen in mammals, being found predominantly in smaller didelphids and dasyurids.

References

  1. 1 2 Pavan, Silvia E (11 January 2019). "A revision of the Monodelphis glirina group (Didelphidae: Marmosini), with a description of a new species from Roraima, Brazil". Journal of Mammalogy. 100 (1): 103–117. doi: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy165 .
  2. Amador, Lucila I.; Giannini, Norberto P. (1 September 2016). "Phylogeny and evolution of body mass in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 16 (3): 641–657. Bibcode:2016ODivE..16..641A. doi:10.1007/s13127-015-0259-x. hdl: 11336/50679 . S2CID   17393886.
  3. Solari, Sergio (2010). "A molecular perspective on the diversification of short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis: Didelphidae)". Mastozoología Neotropical. 17 (2): 317–333.
  4. 1 2 3 4 González, E.M.; Claramunt, S. (2000). "Behaviors of captive short-tailed opossums, Monodelphis dimidiata (Wagner, 1847) (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)". Mammalia. 64 (3): 271–286. doi:10.1515/mamm.2000.64.3.271.
  5. Poran, Naomie S.; Tripoli, Robin; Halpern, Mimi (1993). "Nuzzling in the gray short-tailed opossum II: Familiarity and individual recognition" . Physiology & Behavior. 53 (5): 969–973. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90276-l. ISSN   0031-9384. PMID   8511214. S2CID   38881374.
  6. Smith, Kathleen K.; van Nievelt, Alexander F. H. (31 January 1997). "Comparative Rates of Development in Monodelphis and Didelphis". Science. 275 (5300): 683–684. doi:10.1126/science.275.5300.683. PMID   9005857. S2CID   34138665.

Further reading