Slender grouper

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Slender grouper
Anyperodon leucogrammicus.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Subfamily: Epinephelinae
Tribe: Epinephelini
Genus: Anyperodon
Günther, 1859 [2]
Species:
A. leucogrammicus
Binomial name
Anyperodon leucogrammicus
(Valenciennes, 1828) [3]
Synonyms [4]
  • Serranus leucogrammicusValenciennes, 1828
  • Serranus micronotatus Rüppell, 1838
  • Serranus urophthalmus Bleeker, 1855

The slender grouper (Anyperodon leucogrammicus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is the only species in the genus Anyperodon. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

Contents

Systematics

Recent molecular analyses based on five genes show that Anyperodon leucogrammicus is included in the same clade as species of Epinephelus . Consequently, the species should be included in Epinephelus as Epinephelus leucogrammicus. [5]

Description

The slender grouper is a medium-sized fish growing to a length of about 65 centimetres (26 in). The head occupies 40% of the total length and the mouth is large, with the lower jaw longer than the upper jaw. There are no palatine teeth, a fact which distinguishes this species from other groupers. The basic colour is pale reddish-brown liberally dotted with orange spots which are closer together on the head. There are five pale silvery blue longitudinal lines running down either side, the lower 3 reaching the tail but the upper two breaking into irregular streaks. [6] The dorsal fin has 11 spines and 14 to 16 soft rays. The anal fin has 3 spines and 8 to 9 soft rays. [4] Juvenile fish have vivid blue and red longitudinal stripes. [4] [7]

Distribution and habitat

The slender grouper has a wide distribution in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. The range extends from the east coast of Africa and the Red Sea at 32°E to southern Japan and Australia at 171°W. It is found on coral reefs and seaward reef slopes and in lagoons at depths down to 50 metres (160 ft) or occasionally 80 metres (260 ft). [4] and can found in Andaman Sea.

Ecology

The slender grouper is carnivorous, feeding mainly on other fish such as goatfish but possibly also on invertebrates. Juvenile slender groupers are aggressive mimics of the red-lined wrasse, Halichoeres biocellatus and the silty wrasse, Halichoeres purpurescens . [4] [8] They resemble them in appearance and in behaviour which lulls a potential prey fish into a false sense of security and enables the grouper to approach it without detection. [9]

Status

The slender grouper is considered of "least concern" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This is because it has a very wide range and populations do not seem to be in decline. [1] It is not fished commercially but is occasionally seen in the fish markets in Hong Kong. [4]

Utilization

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References

  1. 1 2 Rhodes, K. (2018). "Anyperodon leucogrammicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T132787A46630137. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132787A46630137.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Bailly, Nicolas (2012). "Anyperodon Guenther, 1859". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  3. ↑ Bailly, Nicolas (2012). "Anyperodon leucogrammicus (Valenciennes, 1828)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Anyperodon leucogrammicus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  5. ↑ Schoelinck, C.; Hinsinger, D. D.; Dettaï, A.; Cruaud, C. & Justine, J.-L. (2014). "A phylogenetic re-analysis of groupers with applications for ciguatera fish poisoning". PLOS ONE. 9 (e98198): e98198. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...998198S. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098198 . PMC   4122351 . PMID   25093850.
  6. ↑ Slender grouper Archived April 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine World Database of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  7. ↑ Luther, G. Anyperodon leucogrammicus A new record from the Andaman Sea [ permanent dead link ] Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  8. ↑ Russel B. C.; Allen, G. R.; Lubbock, H. R. (1976). "New cases of mimicry in marine fishes". Journal of Zoology. 180 (3): 407–423. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1976.tb04685.x.
  9. ↑ Aggressive mimicry The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
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