Sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase

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sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase
Identifiers
EC no. 1.1.1.261
CAS no. 204594-18-3
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In enzymology, a sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.261) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + NAD(P)+ glycerone phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are glycerone phosphate, NADH, NADPH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is sn-glycerol-1-phosphate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+].

G-1-P dehydrogenase is responsible for the formation of sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, the backbone of the membrane phospholipids of Archaea. The gene encoding glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase has been detected in all the archaeal species and has not been found in any bacterial or eukaryal species. sn-glycerol 1-phosphate produced by this enzyme is the most fundamental difference by which Archaea and bacteria are discriminated.

The enzyme sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, usually having 394 amino acids, was also identified in bacteria. More than 5700 sequences have been published in GenBank (September 2023) in a different bacteria, including such well-known ones as Bacillus subtilis (GenBank: AOR99168.1).

Related Research Articles

In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate</span> Chemical compound

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP+ or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycerophospholipid</span> Class of lipids

Glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides are glycerol-based phospholipids. They are the main component of biological membranes in eukaryotic cells. They are a type of lipid, of which its composition affects membrane structure and properties. Two major classes are known: those for bacteria and eukaryotes and a separate family for archaea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plasmalogen</span> Subclass of Glycerophospholipids

Glycerophospholipids of biochemical relevance are divided into three subclasses based on the substitution present at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone: acyl, alkyl and alkenyl. Of these, the alkyl and alkenyl moiety in each case form an ether bond, which makes for two types of ether phospholipids, plasmanyl, and plasmenyl. Plasmalogens are plasmenyls with an ester linked lipid at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, chemically designated 1-0(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-glycerophospholipids. The lipid attached to the vinyl ether at sn-1 can be C16:0, C18:0, or C18:1, and the lipid attached to the acyl group at sn-2 can be C22:6 ω-3 or C20:4 ω-6, . Plasmalogens are classified according to their head group, mainly as PC plasmalogens (plasmenylcholines) and PE plasmalogens (plasmenylethalomines) Plasmalogens should not be confused with plasmanyls.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ether lipid</span>

In biochemistry, an ether lipid refers to any lipid in which the lipid "tail" group is attached to the glycerol backbone via an ether bond at any position. In contrast, conventional glycerophospholipids and triglycerides are triesters. Structural types include:

sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is the organic ion with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OPO32-. It is one of two stereoisomers of the ester of dibasic phosphoric acid (HOPO32-) and glycerol. It is a component of bacterial and eukaryotic glycerophospholipids. From a historical reason, it is also known as L-glycerol 3-phosphate, D-glycerol 1-phosphate, L-α-glycerophosphoric acid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase</span> Class of enzymes

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycerol dehydrogenase</span>

Glycerol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.6, also known as NAD+-linked glycerol dehydrogenase, glycerol: NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase, GDH, GlDH, GlyDH) is an enzyme in the oxidoreductase family that utilizes the NAD+ to catalyze the oxidation of glycerol to form glycerone (dihydroxyacetone).

In enzymology, a glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.156) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.177) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD<sup>+</sup>)

In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.1.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.72) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] (EC 1.1.1.94) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a (R)-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.272) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (EC 1.18.1.2) abbreviated FNR, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Archaea</span> Domain of single-celled organisms

Archaea is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotic. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria, but this term has fallen out of use.

Archaeol is composed of two phytanyl chains linked to the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of glycerol. As its phosphate ester, it is a common component of the membranes of archaea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycerol 1-phosphate</span> Chemical compound

sn-Glycerol 1-phosphate is the conjugate base of a phosphoric ester of glycerol. It is a component of ether lipids, which are common for archaea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone)</span>

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.5.3 is an enzyme with systematic name sn-glycerol 3-phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase may refer to:

References