Sodium propionate

Last updated
Sodium propionate [1]
Sodium propanoate.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Sodium propanoate
Other names
Sodium propionate
Napropion
E281
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.810 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 205-290-4
E number E281 (preservatives)
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C3H6O2.Na/c1-2-3(4)5;/h2H2,1H3,(H,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Yes check.svgY
    Key: JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/C3H6O2.Na/c1-2-3(4)5;/h2H2,1H3,(H,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
    Key: JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-REWHXWOFAH
  • [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC
Properties
C3H5NaO2
Molar mass 96.060 g/mol
AppearanceTransparent crystals
Odor faint acetic-butyric odor
Melting point 289 °C (552 °F; 562 K)
1 g/mL
Solubility in ethanol 41.7 g/L
Pharmacology
S01AX10 ( WHO ) QA16QA02 ( WHO )
Hazards
GHS labelling: [2]
GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Danger
H302, H317, H318, H411
P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P501
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
6332 mg/kg (mouse, oral) [2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Sodium propanoate or sodium propionate is the sodium salt of propionic acid which has the chemical formula Na(C 2 H 5 C O O). This white crystalline solid is deliquescent in moist air. [2]

Contents

Structure

Structure of sodium propionate, with methyl groups and H atoms omitted. Color code: red = O, blue = Na. CSD CIF YUYBEC.jpg
Structure of sodium propionate, with methyl groups and H atoms omitted. Color code: red = O, blue = Na.

Anhydrous sodium propionate is a polymeric structure, featuring trigonal prismatic Na+ centers bonded to six oxygen ligands provided by the carboxylates. A layered structure is observed, with the hydrophobic ethyl groups projecting into the layered galleries. With hydrated sodium propionate, some of these Na-carboxylate linkages are displaced by water.

Preparation

It is produced by the reaction of propionic acid and sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. [4]

Uses

It is used as a food preservative and is represented by the food labeling E number E281 in Europe; it is used primarily as a mold inhibitor in bakery products. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, [5] USA [6] and Australia and New Zealand [7] (where it is listed by its INS number 281).

Reactions

Decomposition takes place via ketonization, yielding the symmetric ketone (3-pentanone) and sodium carbonate: [4]

2Na(O2CEt) → Na2CO3 + Et(CO)Et

Some side reactions resulting in the release of carbon dioxide are observed. [4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 8623.
  2. 1 2 3 PubChem. "Sodium Propionate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  3. ↑ Fábry, Jan; Samolová, Erika (2020). "Layered alkali propanoates M+(C2H5COO)−; M+= Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+". Acta Crystallographica Section E. 76 (9): 1508–1513. Bibcode:2020AcCrE..76.1508F. doi: 10.1107/S2056989020011469 . PMC   7472758 . PMID   32939309.
  4. 1 2 3 Grivel, J. -C. (2018-11-01). "New insights into the thermal behavior and decomposition of sodium propionate". Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 136: 62–68. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2018.10.023. ISSN   0165-2370.
  5. ↑ UK Food Standards Agency: "Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers" . Retrieved 2011-10-27.
  6. ↑ US Food and Drug Administration: "Listing of Food Additives Status Part II". Food and Drug Administration . Archived from the original on January 8, 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
  7. ↑ Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code "Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients". 8 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
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