Sphaerophoria

Sphaerophoria
Sphaerophoria scripta male
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Syrphidae
Subfamily:	Syrphinae
Tribe:	Syrphini
Genus:	Sphaerophoria Le Peletier & Serville, 1828
Type species
Musca scripta [1] Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
Melithreptus Loew, 1840 Melitrophus Haliday, 1856

Sphaerophoria is a genus of hoverflies. ^[2] Species slender 5.6-12mm long with extremely large hemispherical male terminalia after which the common name globetail has been created (see gallery). There are bright yellow markings on head and thorax and usually on the abdomen but some species have a black abdomen. They can be found worldwide but are common in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. There are over 73 described species. ^[3]

The larvae--when known--are aphidophagous. ^[4]

Diagnostics

For terminology see Speight key to genera and glossary The male has a yellow frons, rarely with a pair of black spots above the antennae, while the female has a median black stripe. The face is usually yellow, often with black markings, and has a prominent tubercle that only recedes slightly to the lower facial margin. The eyes are bare. The scutum is glossy black with a wide yellow stripe that either terminates at the transverse suture or extends to the scutellum. The pleura have black coloring with bright yellow patterns. The anterior anepisternum is bare. The upper and lower katepisternal hair patches are distinct from each other, with the former usually extending ventrally in a triangular shape about three-quarters of the distance from the upper to lower margin of the sclerite. The meron and metapleuron are both devoid of hair, and the metasternum has some. There are small bare areas on the basal one-third of the wing membrane.
Males have an abdomen is that is slender, unmargined, and parallel-sided or slightly constricted near the middle. The fifth segment on the right side has a bluntly rounded posterior extension. Females have an abdomen that is parallel or slightly widened in the middle.

Male genitalia

The epandrium is typically very large, almost as wide as segment 5 and usually slightly longer than wide, with the posterior being slightly wider. The cerci are usually enclosed in a sclerotized layer of the epandrium. The surstylus is usually detailed and divided into three lobes. The dorsal lobe is slightly swollen at the top, round, and has a thick mass of long, coarse yellow hairs. The ventral lobe is flattened, sometimes elongate, and often split into two parts at the tip, with sparsely-haired but a densely setulose longitudinal ridge on its inner side. ^[5]

• 
  S. (species) parts
• 
  profile face
• 
  abdomen profile
• 
  male abdomen
• 
  mating pair S.scripta
• 
  female S.scripta
• 
  S.interrupta
• 
  S. fatarum

Species

Subgenus Exallandra

• Sphaerophoria cinctifacies (Speiser, 1910) ^{[1] [6]}
• Sphaerophoria loewii Zetterstedt, 1843

Subgenus Loveridgeana

• Sphaerophoria beattiei (Doesburg and Doesburg, 1977) Saint Helena, South Atlantic
• Sphaerophoria quadrituberculata Bezzi, 1915 ^[1]
• Sphaerophoria retrocurva Hull, 1944 ^[1]

Subgenus Sphaerophoria

• Sphaerophoria abbreviata Zetterstedt, 1849
• Sphaerophoria assamensis Joseph, 1970 ^[7]
• Sphaerophoria asymmetrica Knutson, 1973 ^[8]
• Sphaerophoria bankowskae Goeldlin, 1989 ^{[9] [10] [11]}

• Sphaerophoria batava Goeldlin, 1974 ^[12]
• Sphaerophoria bifurcata Knutson, 1972 ^[8]
• Sphaerophoria boreoalpina Goeldlin, 1989
• Sphaerophoria brevipilosa Knutson, 1972 ^[8]
• Sphaerophoria chongjini Bankowska, 1964
• Sphaerophoria cleoae Metcalf, 1917
• Sphaerophoria contigua Macquart, 1847
• Sphaerophoria cranbrookensis Curran, 1921
• Sphaerophoria estebani Goeldlin, 1991
• Sphaerophoria fatarum Goeldlin, 1989 ^{[9] [10] [13]}
• Sphaerophoria indiana Bigot, 1884
• Sphaerophoria infuscata Goeldlin, 1974
• Sphaerophoria interrupta (Fabricius, 1805)
• Sphaerophoria kaa Violovitsh, 1960
• Sphaerophoria laurae Goeldlin, 1989
• Sphaerophoria longipilosa Knutson, 1972 ^[8]
• Sphaerophoria macrogaster (Thomson, 1869)
• Sphaerophoria menthastri (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Sphaerophoria nigra Frey, 1945
• Sphaerophoria novaeangliae Johnson, 1916
• Sphaerophoria philanthus (Meigen, 1822)
• Sphaerophoria pictipes Boheman, 1863
• Sphaerophoria potentillae Claussen, 1984 ^{[9] [14] [15]}
• Sphaerophoria pyrrhina Bigot, 1884
• Sphaerophoria rueppellii (Wiedemann, 1830) ^[1]
• Sphaerophoria scripta (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Sphaerophoria shirchan Violovitsh, 1957
• Sphaerophoria sulphuripes (Thomson, 1869)
• Sphaerophoria taeniata (Meigen, 1822)
• Sphaerophoria turkmenica Bankowska, 1964
• Sphaerophoria tuvinica Violovitsh, 1966
• Sphaerophoria virgata Goeldlin, 1974
• Sphaerophoria viridaenea Brunnetti, 1915
• Sphaerophoria weemsi Knutson, 1972 ^[8]

References

1. Smith, Kenneth G.V.; Vockeroth, J.R. (1980). Crosskey, R.W. (ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region (Print). London: British museum (Natural History). pp. 1–1436. ISBN   0565-00821-8.
2. Stubbs, Alan E. & Falk, Steven J. (1983). British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide. British Entomological & Natural History Society. pp. 253, xvpp.
3. "Sphaerophoria map". GBIF. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
4. Rotheray, G.E. (1993). "Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe" (PDF). Diperists Digest. 9: 155.
5. Vockeroth, J. R. (1992). The Flower Flies of the Subfamily Syrphinae of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part 18. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada (PDF). Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Government Pub Centre. pp. 1–456. ISBN   0-660-13830-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-15. Retrieved 2013-06-26.
6. Speiser, P. (1910). Cyclorapha. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen, Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Vol. 2. P. Palmquists Aktiebolag. pp. 113–198.
7. Joseph, A. N. T. (1970). "Two new and two known species of Sphaerophoria St. Fargeau and Serville, 1828 (Dipt., Syrphidae)". Eos. 45: 165–172.
8. Knutson, Lloyd V. (1972). "Taxonomic revision of aphid-killing flies on the genus Sphaerophoria in the Western Hemisphere (Syrphidae)". Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America. 9: 1–50.
9. Stubbs, A.E.; Falk, S.J. (2002). British hoverflies, an illustrated identification guide (Second ed.). Reading: British Entomological and Natural History Society. pp. 1–469. ISBN   978-1899935055.
10. Goeldlin de Tiefenau, P. (1989). "Sur plusieurs especes de Sphaerophoria (Dipt., Syrphidae) nouvelles ou meconnues des regions palearctique et nearctique". Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 62: 41–66.
11. Plant, Colin. W. (1990). "Sphaerophoria bankowskae Goeldlin, 1989 (Syrphidae) recorded in mainland Britain". Dipterists Digest. First Series. Dipterists Forum. 3: 32–33. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
12. Goeldlin de Tiefenau, P. (1974). "Contribution a l'etude systematique et ecologique des Syrphidae (Dipt.) de la Suisse occidentale". Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 47 (3–4): 151–252.
13. Speight, Martin C.D. (1989). "Sphaerophoria fatarum in the British Isles (Syrphidae)" (PDF). Dipterists Digest. First Series. Dipterists Forum. 2: 34. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
14. Claussen, C. (1984). "Sphaerophoria potentillae n. sp. - eine neue Syrphiden-Art aus Nordwestdeutschland (Diptera: Syrphidae)". Entomologische Zeitschrift. 94 (17): 245–250. ISSN   0013-8843.
15. Stubbs, Alan E. (1989). "An additional British Sphaerophoria discovered in Devon" (PDF). Dipterists Digest. First Series. Dipterists Forum. 2: 34–35. Retrieved 3 March 2023.