Stenopelmatus

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Stenopelmatus
Stenopelmatus talpa.jpg
Stenopelmatus talpa
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Family: Stenopelmatidae
Subfamily: Stenopelmatinae
Tribe: Stenopelmatini
Genus: Stenopelmatus
Burmeister, 1838
Synonyms

Stenopelmatopterus Gorochov, 1988

Stenopelmatus [notes 1] is one of two genera of large, flightless insects referred to commonly as Jerusalem crickets (or "potato bugs"). They are primarily native to Central America, and one species is known from Ecuador. [2]

Contents

Classification

There are 19 species recognized as valid in the genus Stenopelmatus, as presently recognized (with 13 more of uncertain status and potentially not valid), though the genus was formerly much larger, including most of the species now placed in the genus Ammopelmatus . [2] The family Stenopelmatidae contains several Old World genera, but only the genera in the subfamily Stenopelmatinae (all New World) are referred to as Jerusalem crickets.

Valid species

Uncertain status

Communication

Similar to true crickets, each species of Jerusalem cricket produces a different song during mating. This song takes the form of a characteristic drumming in which the insect beats its abdomen against the ground.

No species have wings with sound-producing structures; moreover, evidently none has structures it could use to hear sound. [3] [4] This contrasts with true crickets and katydids, who use their wings to produce sounds and have hearing organs to sense sounds of others. Jerusalem crickets seem unable to hiss by forcing air through their spiracles, as some beetles and cockroaches do. Instead, the few Jerusalem crickets that do make sound rub their hind legs against the sides of the abdomen, producing a rasping, hissing noise. This hiss may serve to deter predators rather than to communicate with other crickets. For such purposes, Jerusalem crickets rely on substrate vibrations felt by subgenual organs located in all six of the insect's legs. [5]

Size and shape

Female Stenopelmatus talpa, also known as the Mexican Jerusalem cricket, are generally larger than males; prothorax width, prothorax length, fore femur, head size, and mandible length, are greater in females than males. However, males tended to have larger hind femora compared to females. [6]

Notes

  1. ↑ From the Greek stenos "narrow" and pelma "sole of foot" ( GEN pelmatos). [1]

Related Research Articles

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Anostostomatidae is a family of insects in the order Orthoptera, widely distributed in the southern hemisphere. It is named Mimnermidae or Henicidae in some taxonomies, and common names include king crickets in Australia and South Africa, and wētā in New Zealand. Prominent members include the Parktown prawn of South Africa, and the giant wētā of New Zealand. The distribution of this family reflects a common ancestry before the fragmenting of Gondwana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mole cricket</span> Members of the insect family Gryllotalpidae

Mole crickets are members of the insect family Gryllotalpidae, in the order Orthoptera. Mole crickets are cylindrical-bodied, fossorial insects about 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) long as adults, with small eyes and shovel-like fore limbs highly developed for burrowing. They are present in many parts of the world and where they have arrived in new regions, may become agricultural pests.

<i>Cooloola</i> (insect) Genus of cricket-like animals

Cooloola is a genus of ensiferan orthopterans known as Cooloola monsters. It is the only genus in the subfamily Cooloolinae and family Cooloolidae of the superfamily Stenopelmatoidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gryllinae</span> Subfamily of crickets

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ensifera</span> Suborder of cricket-like animals

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stenopelmatidae</span> Family of cricket-like animals

Stenopelmatidae is a family of large, mostly flightless orthopterans that includes the Jerusalem crickets. Two genera: Ammopelmatus and the type genus Stenopelmatus are found in the New World. Oryctopus and Sia are Old World genera, and previously placed in their own subfamilies, but with the addition of new genera, current placement is as five tribes in the single subfamily Stenopelmatinae.

<i>Ammopelmatus</i> Genus of cricket-like animals

Ammopelmatus is a genus of insects in the family Stenopelmatidae, one of two genera of large, flightless insects referred to commonly as Jerusalem crickets. They are native to western United States and northwestern Mexico.

<i>Ammopelmatus muwu</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Ammopelmatus muwu is a species of insect in family Stenopelmatidae. It is endemic to parts of San Luis Obisbo and Santa Barbara counties in United States state of California.

Ammopelmatus nigrocapitatus is a species of insect in the family Stenopelmatidae. It is endemic to parts of Southern California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerusalem cricket</span> Type of cricket-like animals

Jerusalem crickets are a group of large, flightless insects in the genera Ammopelmatus and Stenopelmatus, together comprising the tribe Stenopelmatini. The former genus is native to the western United States and parts of Mexico, while the latter genus is from Central America.

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Neoscapteriscus abbreviatus, the short-winged mole cricket, is a species of insect in the mole cricket family, Gryllotalpidae. It is native to South America but has been introduced inadvertently into Florida, in the United States. Unlike other related species, it is unable to fly, nor do the males emit songs in order to attract females.

<i>Neoscapteriscus borellii</i> Species of cricket-like animal

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Ammopelmatus pictus is a species of Jerusalem cricket in the family Stenopelmatidae. It is found in parts of the Central Valley, Diablo Range, and Silicon Valley within California.

Ammopelmatus mescaleroensis is a species of Jerusalem cricket in the family Stenopelmatidae. It is found in the area around Mescalero, in the United States state of New Mexico.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stenopelmatinae</span>

Stenopelmatinae is the sole subfamily in the family Stenopelmatidae. There are about 7 genera and more than 50 described species in Stenopelmatinae.

Ammopelmatus longispina is a species of Jerusalem cricket in the family Stenopelmatidae. It is found in North America.

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References

  1. ↑ στενός, πέλμα. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  2. 1 2 D.B. Weissman, A.G. Vandergast, H. Song, S. Shin, D.D. McKenna, N. Ueshima (2021) Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus. Zootaxa 4917. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1
  3. ↑ L. Desutter-Grandcolas (2003). "Phylogeny and the evolution of acoustic communication in extant Ensifera (Insecta, Orthoptera)". Zoologica Scripta . 32 (6): 525–561. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00142.x. S2CID   85659457.
  4. ↑ Robinson, DJ; Hall, MJ (2002). "Sound Signalling in Orthoptera". Advances in Insect Physiology, Volume 29. Elsevier. pp. 151–278. ISBN   978-0-12-024229-0.
  5. ↑ Weissman, DB; Vandergast, AG; Ueshima, N (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Berlin: Springer. pp. 2054–2061. ISBN   978-1-4020-6242-1.
  6. ↑ Álvarez, Hugo A.; Sánchez-Xolalpa, Dinorah A.; Torre-Anzúres, Josué De la; Jiménez-García, Daniel (September 2017). "Morphometry, behavior, and ecology of the Jerusalem cricket, Stenopelmatus talpa". Southwestern Entomologist . 42 (3): 745–752. doi:10.3958/059.042.0313. S2CID   90924229.

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