| Stictidaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Stictis radiata | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Ostropales |
| Family: | Stictidaceae Fr. (1849) |
| Type genus | |
| Stictis Pers. (1800) | |
The Stictidaceae are a family of fungi in the order Ostropales. [1] It has 30 genera and about 240 species.
The family was circumscribed by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1849. [2]
Members of the Stictidaceae are diverse in their lifestyles, ranging from saprotrophic (feeding on decaying matter) and parasitic to lichen-forming organisms, and rare occurrences as lichen dwellers. Some species within this group show facultative lichenisation: they have the ability to switch between lifestyles, forming lichens when growing on bark, or living as saprotrophs, depending on their environment. The thallus of these fungi is typically crust-like in form. In cases where a photobiont , or photosynthetic partner, is present, it is usually of the chlorococcoid type, which consists spherical green algae. [3]
The reproductive structures, known as ascomata, have a range from apothecial (open, disk-like) to perithecial (flask-like) forms. They can have various forms, from biatorine , which are apothecial with a thalline margin, to lecideine , which lacks a thalline margin, or even zeorine . Often, these structures have an inner crystalline layer within their margins. The internal structure of the ascomata features paraphyses – sterile filaments – that are unbranched and sometimes have swollen ends. These paraphyses are amyloid. Periphysoids , which are hair-like structures, typically line the outer part of the ascomata, known as the exipulum . [3]
The asci (spore-producing cells) are thin-walled with a small, apical structure protruding into the internal cavity, known as the lumen . These structures are non-amyloid and cylindrical in shape. Typically, each ascus contains eight ascospores, but some species may have more due to spore fragmentation. These spores are diverse in shape, ranging from ellipsoid to filament-like, and are hyaline, meaning they are translucent. They have a variety of segmentations, from crosswise partitions to occasionally being multi-chambered ( muriform ), and have thin septa and walls. There is no known formation of conidiomata, asexual reproductive structures, in this family. [3]
This is a list of the genera contained within the Stictidaceae, based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal classification. [4] Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species:
The Arthoniales is the second largest order of mainly crustose lichens, but fruticose lichens are present as well. The order contains around 1500 species, while the largest order with lichenized fungi, the Lecanorales, contains more than 14000 species.
The Didymosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. The family was erected by Anders Munk in 1953.
The Pilocarpaceae are a family of crustose lichens in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety of climatic regions. Pilocarpaceae was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in Adolf Engler's influential 1905 work Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.
The Acarosporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Acarosporales. Members of this family have a widespread distribution, and are mostly lichenized with green algae. According to a 2021 estimate, the family contains 11 genera and about 260 species. The family is characterised by a hamathecium formed of paraphysoids.
The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa.
The Gomphillaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. Species in this family are found mostly in tropical regions.
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark.
The Icmadophilaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. The family was circumscribed in 1993 by the mycologist Dagmar Treibel. It contains 9 genera and 35 species.
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
Aphanopsidaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. It contains the genera Aphanopsis and Steinia, comprising five species. The family was circumscribed in 1995 by the lichenologists Christian Printzen and Gerhard Rambold.
Microcalicium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Microcaliciaceae. These taxa were circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in 1927, with Microcalicium disseminatum assigned as the type species.
Candelariaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Candelariales. It contains seven genera and about 73 species.
The Tephromelataceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. The family was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner in 1984. Tephromelataceae comprises the genera Tephromela, Calvitimela, Mycoblastus and Violella, which together constitute a well-supported monophyletic group.
Cordieritidaceae is a family of fungi in the order Cyttariales. Species in this family are saprobes or lichenicolous.
Phylloblastia is a genus of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1921 by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio, with Phylloblastia dolichospora assigned as the type species.
Thelenellaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole family in the monotypic order Thelenellales, and contains three genera and about 50 species.
Trinathotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Stictidaceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscribed in 2011 by Robert Lücking, Eimy Rivas Plata, and Armin Mangold, with Trinathotrema stictideum assigned as the type species. The genus name is an imperfect anagram in honour of American lichenologist Thomas Nash III, combining the letters -tho, -na, and -tri. Although most members of the Stictidaceae have chlorococcoid green algae as their photobiont partner, Trinathotrema associates with a trentepohlioid photobiont.
Ostropomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Stictidaceae. It has two species, both of which are found in tropical forests in northern Thailand, where they grow as saprotrophs on bark.
Gintarasia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species, all of which are found in Australia. Gintarasia species are corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with a thelotremoid form.
The Pyrenotrichaceae are a small family of fungi in the order Chaetothyriales. It contains two genera, and a total of six species. The genus Pyrenothrix has two species of bark- or leaf-dwelling lichens, while Neophaeococcomyces has four species of saprobic fungi.