Stropharia rugosoannulata, commonly known as the wine cap,[2]wine-red stropharia,[3]wine cap stropharia, garden giant, burgundy mushroom, or king stropharia, is a species of agaric mushroom in the family Strophariaceae native to Europe and North America. It is regarded as a choice edible.
Etymology
The specific epithet, which means "wrinkled-ringed", is a reference to the wrinkled annulus of the fruiting body.[4]
Description
The mushroom can grow to 20 centimetres (8 inches) high with a reddish-brown convex to flattening cap up to 30cm (12in) across,[5] the size leading to another colloquial name godzilla mushroom.[6] The gills are typically adnate, initially pale, then grey and finally dark purple-brown in colour. The spore print is dark purple-brown to black.[3]
The firm flesh is white, as is the tall stem, which bears a wrinkled ring.[4]
Similar species
It can resemble some members of its genus, such as S.hornemannii, as well as Agaricus (the gills of which are usually more pink).[7][3]
Distribution and habitat
The species is found on wood chips across North America in summer and autumn.[7] It is also found in Europe, and has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand.
Ecology
Paul Stamets's book Mycelium Running cites a study by Christiane Pischl showing that the species makes an excellent garden companion to corn. The fungus also has a history of being grown with corn in Europe.[citation needed]
A 2006 study, published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, found the species to have the ability to attack the nematodePanagrellus redivivus; the fungus produces unique spiny cells called acanthocytes, which are able to immobilise and digest the nematodes.[8]
Uses
Described as a very tasty edible mushroom by some authors,[3][9] it is easily cultivated on a medium similar to that on which it grows naturally. Antonio Carluccio recommends sautéeing them in butter or grilling them.[6]
↑Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (September 1, 2024). Mushrooms of Cascadia: A Comprehensive Guide to Fungi of the Pacific Northwest. Humboldt County, CA: Backcountry Press. p.117. ISBN9781941624197.
↑Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p.229. ISBN978-1-55407-651-2.
Further reading
Zadrazil, Frantisek and Joachim Schliemann: "Ein Beitrag zur Ökologie und Anbautechnik von Stropharia rugosoannulata (Farlow ex Murr.)" in: Der Champignon Nr.163, March 1975
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