Sturgeon-class submarine

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USS Sturgeon (SSN-637) Launch.jpg
USS Sturgeon
Class overview
NameSturgeon class
Builders
OperatorsFlag of the United States.svg  United States Navy
Preceded by Thresher/Permit class
Succeeded by Los Angeles class
SubclassesLong-hull variant (9 boats)
Built1963–1975
In commission1967–2004
Completed37 (+1 modified variant for experimental research)
Retired37 (+1)
General characteristics
Type Nuclear-powered attack submarine
Displacement
  • 3,640 long tons (3,698 t) surfaced
  • 4,640 long tons (4,714 t) submerged [1]
Length
  • Short hull: 292 ft 3 in (89.08 m)
  • Long hull: 302 ft 3 in (92.13 m)
Beam31 ft 8 in (9.65 m)
Draft24 ft 5 in (7.44 m) [1]
Propulsion
Speed
  • 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) surfaced
  • 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph) submerged
RangeUnlimited, except by food supplies
Test depth1,320 ft (400 m) [2]
Complement107
Armament

The Sturgeon class (known colloquially in naval circles as the 637 class) was a class of nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (SSN) in service with the United States Navy from the 1960s until 2004. They were the "workhorses" of the Navy's attack submarine fleet throughout much of the Cold War. The boats were phased out in the 1990s and early 21st century, as their successors, the Los Angeles, followed by the Seawolf and Virginia-class boats, entered service.

Contents

Design

Control room USS PARGO Sturgeon Class.jpg
Control room

The Sturgeons were essentially lengthened and improved variants of the Thresher/Permit class that directly preceded them. The five-compartment arrangement of the Permits was retained, including the bow compartment, operations compartment, reactor compartment, auxiliary machinery room no. 2, and the engine room. The extra length was in the operations compartment, including longer torpedo racks to accommodate additional Mark 37 torpedoes, the most advanced in service at the time of the class's design in the late 1950s. The class was redesigned to SUBSAFE requirements concurrently with the construction of the first units, with seawater, main ballast, and other systems modified for improved safety. [1] The biggest difference was the much larger sail, which permitted a second periscope and additional intelligence-gathering masts, and which reduced the risk of the submarine broaching the surface in heavy seas. The fairwater planes mounted on the sail could rotate 90 degrees, allowing the submarine to surface through thin ice. [1] Because the S5W reactor was used (the same as in the Skipjacks and Thresher/Permits), the sail was enlarged (increasing drag), and the displacement was increased, the Sturgeons' top speed was 26 knots (48 km/h), 2 knots slower than the Thresher/Permits. The last nine Sturgeons were lengthened 10 feet (3 m) to provide more space for electronic equipment and habitability. The extra space also helped facilitate the use of dry deck shelters first deployed in 1982.

The class received mid-life upgrades in the 1980s, including the BQQ-5 sonar suite with a retractable towed array, Mk 117 torpedo fire control equipment, and other electronics upgrades.

USS Pargo (SSN-650) surfaced in Arctic ice. USS Pargo (SSN-650).jpg
USS Pargo (SSN-650) surfaced in Arctic ice.

Armament

The Sturgeon-class boats were equipped to carry the Harpoon missile, the Tomahawk cruise missile, the UUM-44 SUBROC, the Mark 67 SLMM and Mark 60 CAPTOR mines, and the MK-48 and ADCAP torpedoes. Torpedo tubes were located amidships to accommodate the bow-mounted sonar. The bow covering the sonar sphere was made from steel or glass reinforced plastic (GRP), both varieties having been produced both booted and not booted. Booted domes are covered with a half-inch layer of rubber. [3] [4] The GRP domes improved the bow sonar sphere performance; though for intelligence gathering missions, the towed-array sonar was normally used as it was a much more sensitive array.

Noise reduction

Several Sturgeon boats and related submarines were modifications of the original designs to test ways to reduce noise.

Variants

Beginning with Archerfish, units of this class had a 10-foot (3.0 m) longer hull, giving them more living and working space than previous submarines. Parche received an additional 100-foot (30 m) hull extension containing cable tapping equipment that brought her total length to 401 feet (122 m). A number of the long hull Sturgeon-class SSNs, including Parche, L. Mendel Rivers, and Richard B. Russell were involved in top-secret reconnaissance missions, including cable tap operations in the Barents and Okhotsk seas. Parche received nine Presidential Unit Citations for successful missions. [6]

A total of seven boats were modified to carry the SEAL Dry Deck Shelter (DDS). The DDS is a submersible launch hangar with a lockout chamber attached to the ship's midships weapons shipping hatch, facilitating the use of SEAL Delivery Vehicles. DDS-equipped boats were tasked with the covert insertion of special forces.

Boats in class

From Register of Ships of the US Navy, 1775-1990. [7]

Short hull

Long hull

Derivatives

One other Navy vessel was based on the Sturgeon hull, but was modified for experimental reasons:

See also

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References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Friedman, pp 144–149, 243
  2. ↑ Tyler, Patrick (1986). Running Critical. New York: Harper and Row. p. 58.
  3. ↑ Pike, John. "Sonar Domes". Military. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  4. ↑ "Coating Systems for Submarine Bow Dome Preservation". National Surface Treatment Center. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  5. ↑ Friedman, pp 143–149
  6. ↑ Sontag, Sherry; Drew, Christopher (2000). Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage . William Morrow Paperbacks. ISBN   0-06097-771-X.
  7. ↑ Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775-1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 287–289. ISBN   0-313-26202-0.

Sources

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