TOI-2267

Last updated
TOI-2267
Observation data
Epoch J2000        Equinox J2000
Constellation Cepheus [1]
Right ascension 04h 20m 12.64355s [2]
Declination +84° 54′ 06.2765″ [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)15.41 [3]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage main sequence + main sequence [4]
Spectral type M5V+M6V [4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−19.0±0.3 [4] km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: +182.388 mas/yr [2]
Dec.: −213.503 mas/yr [2]
Parallax (π)44.3496±0.3556  mas [2]
Distance 73.5 ± 0.6  ly
(22.5 ± 0.2  pc)
Position (relative to A) [4]
ComponentB
Epoch of observation 9 December 2021
Angular distance 0.384″
Position angle 279.7°
Projected separation 8 AU
Details [4]
A
Mass 0.1710±0.0079  M☉
Radius 0.2075±0.0225  R☉
Luminosity 0.0033±0.0003  L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.99±0.05  cgs
Temperature 3030±100  K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.164±0.11  dex
Rotation 0.6958 days
Age ≳1  Gyr
B
Mass 0.0989±0.0130  M☉
Radius 0.130±0.030  R☉
Luminosity0.0011±0.0003  L☉
Surface gravity (log g)5.28±0.18  cgs
Temperature 2930±160  K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.164±0.11  dex
Rotation 0.4936 days
Age ≳1  Gyr
Other designations
G 222-3, LP 4-80, LSPM J0420+8454, NLTT 12645, TOI-2267, TIC 459837008 [3]
Database references
SIMBAD data
Exoplanet Archive data

TOI-2267 is a binary star located 73.5 light-years (22.5 parsecs ) away from the Sun. The system has a visual apparent magnitude of 15.4, too faint to be seen with the naked eye. [5] It consists of two red dwarfs that are separated by only 8 AU. [4]

Contents

Planetary system

The star system hosts three confirmed Earth-sized planets, but it is not known which star each planet orbits. Two of the planets have similar orbital periods, so it is unlikely that all three planets orbit the same star, which would make TOI-2267 the second system known to host transiting planets around both stars. [4] [6] [a] This configuration of planets might give more insights into studying the formation and evolution of planets in compact binary star systems. [4] Alternatively, the planets may all orbit the same star in a very compact resonant configuration, which would make TOI-2267 the most compact exoplanetary system known. [8]

The discovery of the planets was announced in 2025, using data from TESS as well as ground-based telescopes. Initially only two planets could be confirmed, and the third remained a candidate. [4] A follow-up study a few months later confirmed the third planet. [8]

The TOI-2267 A planetary system [4] [b]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
d [8] —0.0174±0.00032.0344678(23)—87.4±0.6 ° 0.98±0.09  R🜨
b—0.0205±0.00252.2890900(12)—90.35+0.85
−1.2 ° 		1.00±0.11  R🜨
c—0.0263+0.0040
−0.0036		3.4950412(22)—89.66+1.6
−0.89 ° 		1.14±0.13  R🜨
The TOI-2267 B planetary system [4] [c]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
d [8] —0.0145+0.0006
−0.0007		2.0344671(23)—89.0+0.6
−0.7 ° 		1.77±0.43  R🜨
b—0.0127±0.00322.2890896(17)—90.0±1.0 ° 1.22±0.29  R🜨
c—0.0145+0.0045
−0.0037		3.4950404(28)—89.2+2.4
−1.1 ° 		1.36±0.33  R🜨

Notes

  1. ↑ The previously known Kepler-132 system is a similar case; it is unknown which star each planet orbits, but they cannot all orbit the same star since two of them have almost the same period. [7]
  2. ↑ The parameters of the planets if they orbit the primary star.
  3. ↑ The parameters of the planets if they orbit the secondary star.

References

  1. ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi: 10.1086/132034 . Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. 1 2 "G 222-3". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 1 December 2025.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Zúñiga-Fernández, S.; et al. (2025). "Two warm Earth-sized exoplanets and an Earth-sized candidate in the M5V-M6V binary system TOI-2267". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 702: A85. arXiv: 2508.14176 . Bibcode:2025A&A...702A..85Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554419.
  5. ↑ "TOI-2267 Ab". exoplanet.eu. 2025.
  6. ↑ "Miniature Binary Star System Hosts Three Earth-sized Exoplanets". Universe Today . 14 November 2025.
  7. ↑ Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; et al. (March 2014). "Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. II. Refined Statistical Framework and Descriptions of Systems of Special Interest". The Astrophysical Journal . 784 (1): 44. arXiv: 1402.6352 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...784...44L. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/44 .
  8. 1 2 3 4 Greklek-McKeon, Michael; Gomez Barrientos, Jonathan; et al. (December 2025). "Validation of a Third Earth-sized Planet in the TOI-2267 Binary System". The Astronomical Journal . arXiv: 2512.10007 .
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