Tectofilosid

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Tectofilosida
Collection Penard MHNG Specimen 87-1-2 Capsellina muscorum.tif
Two preserved specimens of Capsellina sp. (Chlamydophryidae), from the Eugène Penard collection
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Sar
Clade: Rhizaria
Phylum: Cercozoa
Class: Thecofilosea
Subclass: Tectosia
Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order: Tectofilosida
Cavalier-Smith & Chao, 2003 [1]
Suborders and families
  • Unitremina

The tectofilosids are a group of filose amoebae with shells. These are composed of organic materials and sometimes collected debris, in contrast to the euglyphids, which produce shells from siliceous scales. The shell usually has a single opening, but in Amphitrema and a few other genera it has two on opposite ends. The cell itself occupies most of the shell. They are most often found on marsh plants such as Sphagnum .

This group was previously classified as the Gromiida or Gromiina. However, molecular studies separate Gromia from the others, which must therefore be renamed. They are placed among the Cercozoa, and presumably developed from flagellates like Cryothecomonas , which has a similar test. However, only a few have been studied in detail, so their relationships and monophyly are not yet certain.

In a recent classification, the group Tectofilosida was not used: Chlamydophryidae, Psammonobiotidae, Pseudodifflugiidae and Volutellidae were dispersally placed in Thecofilosea, while Amphitremidae was included in Labyrinthulomycetes. [2]

Lithocollidae was formerly placed in Tectofilosida, [3] but 18S rRNA-based molecular phylogenetic analyses show it is actually part of Nucleariida. [4]

Taxonomy

References

Lecythium sp. (Chlamydophryidae). Undescribed amoeba.jpg
Lecythium sp. (Chlamydophryidae).
  1. Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE (October 2003). "Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa)". Protist. 154 (3–4): 341–58. doi:10.1078/143446103322454112. PMID   14658494.
  2. Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, Brown MW, Burki F, Dunthorn M, Hampl V, Heiss A, Hoppenrath M, Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, McManus H, Mitchell EA, Mozley-Stanridge SE, Parfrey LW, Pawlowski J, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Shadwick L, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Spiegel FW (2012). "The revised classification of eukaryotes". J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 59 (5): 429–93. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. PMC   3483872 . PMID   23020233.
  3. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E. (2012). "Oxnerella micra sp. n. (Oxnerellidae fam. n.), a Tiny Naked Centrohelid, and the Diversity and Evolution of Heliozoa". Protist. 163 (4): 574–601. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.12.005. PMID   22317961.
  4. Galindo LJ, Torruella G, Moreira D, Eglit Y, Simpson AG, Völcker E, Clauß S, López-García P (2019-11-25). "Combined cultivation and single-cell approaches to the phylogenomics of nucleariid amoebae, close relatives of fungi". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 374 (1786): 20190094. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0094. PMC   6792443 . PMID   31587649 . Retrieved 2025-01-27.
  5. Dumack, Kenneth; Mausbach, Paul; Hegmann, Mona; Bonkowski, Michael (2017). "Polyphyly in the Thecate Amoeba Genus Lecythium (Chlamydophryidae, Tectofilosida, Cercozoa), Redescription of Its Type Species L. Hyalinum, Description of L. Jennyae Sp. Nov. And the Establishment of Fisculla Gen. Nov. And Fiscullidae Fam. Nov". Protist. 168 (3): 294–310. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2017.03.003. PMID   28499131. Archived from the original on June 1, 2018.