Ismailia is a genus of foraminifera with an agglutinated, planispirally coiled, semi-involute shell, known from the Egyptian Sinai, that lived during the early part of the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian). Agglutinated shells are composed of selected foreign material cemented together.
Globigerina is a genus of planktonic Foraminifera, in the order of Rotaliida. It has populated the world's oceans since the Middle Jurassic.
The Allogromiida is an order of single-chambered, mostly organic-walled foraminiferans, including some that produce agglutinated tests (Lagynacea). Genetic studies indicate that some foraminiferans with agglutinated tests, previously included in the Textulariida or as their own order Astrorhizida, may also belong here. Allogromiids produce relatively simple tests, usually with a single chamber, similar to those of other protists such as Gromia. They are found as both marine and freshwater forms, and are the oldest forms known from the fossil record.
The Fusulinida is an extinct order within the Foraminifera in which the tests are traditionally considered to have been composed of microgranular calcite. Like all forams, they were single-celled organisms. In advanced forms the test wall was differentiated into two or more layers. Loeblich and Tappan, 1988, gives a range from the Lower Silurian to the Upper Permian, with the fusulinid foraminifera going extinct with the Permian–Triassic extinction event. While the latter is true, a more supported projected timespan is from the Mid-Carboniferous period.
The Rotaliida are an order of Foraminifera, characterized by multilocular tests (shells) composed of bilamellar perforate hyaline lamellar calcite that may be optically radial or granular.
The Spirillinida are an order of foraminifera in which the test, or shell, primitively consists of an enrolled open tube, coming after the proloculus, wound planospirally or conically, commonly composed of an optically single crystal of calcite. The aperture is a simple opening at the end of the tube. Advanced forms with more than one chamber may consist of a few crystals, or rarely, a mosaic of crystals of calcite.
Parathuramminacea comprises a superfamily within the foraminiferal order Fusulinida, characterized by tests (shells) that are unilocular, globular to elongate or irregular, or that may consist of a series or cluster of such chambers. Forms are either free or attached.
Miliamellus is a genus of Cenozoic benthic foraminifera with tests made of imperforate opaline silica. It is the only genus in the order Silicoloculinida and the family Silicoloculinidae. It is sometimes referred to by the junior synonym Silicoloculina.
The Rzehakinidae is a family of Lower Cretaceous to recent formaminifera that resemble the calcareous imperforate Miliolidae but which are constructed of finely agglutinated material that veneers an organic base. Tests are with two, or less commonly three, chambers per whorl, which are commonly added in various planes. In form they are generally ovoid.
Cibicides is a genus of cosmopolitan benthic foraminifera known from at least as far back as the Paleocene that extends down to the present.
Discorbis is a genus of benthic Foraminifera, that made its first appearance during the Eocene. Its present distribution is cosmopolitan.
Rosalina is a genus of foraminifera included in the rotaliid family Rosalinidae.
The Nonionidae is a foraminifera family within the order Rotaliida and part of the Nonionacea, shells, or tests, of which are planispiral or trochospiral, calcareous and finely perforate. Includes the Nonioninae, Pulleniinae, Spirotectinae, and Astrononioninae.
The Ammodiscacea is a superfamily of foraminifera in the order Textulariida. tests are made of agglutinated grains and consist of a proloculus followed by an enrolled tubular second chamber open at the distal end, that lacks internal septa but which may have growth constrictions.
The Hormosinacea is a superfamily of agglutinated foraminifera in the Textulariida, with a range that extends from the Middle Ordovician, that unites seven families characterized by multilocular tests,, in a uniserial arrangement.
Buccella is a genus of late Cenozoic benthic foraminifera that made its first appearance during the Oligocene and is found living in recent oceans.
Clavulina is a genus of aggulinated benthic foraminiferans with an elongate test. The early stage is triserial and triangular in section, the later stage uniserial and rectilinear, with angular to rounded section. In some species agglutinated walls have considerable calcareous cement. Septa are secondarily doubled as a result of imperforate floors, which are added as new chambers are formed. Walls contain fine bifurcating canaliculi within, openings of which are sealed internally by an inner organic lining, and externally by the imperforate surface layer of the wall. The aperture is interiomarginal in the early triserial stage, terminal and rounded in the adult.
Sigmoilinopsis is a genus of miliolid Foraminifera, with an ovate test, chambers one-half coil in length, arranged in rapidly changing planes in the early stage resulting in two spiralling series that appear sigmoid in section, gradually becoming planispiral in the adult. Walls are thick, porcelaneous but enclosing a large quantity of agglutinated quartz particles, sponge spicules, and shell fragments; the aperture terminal, rounded, with a small tooth.
Globothalamea comprises a class of multichambered foraminifera based in part on SSU rDNA evidence; the other is Tubothalamea.
Spirocyclinidae is a family of foraminifera included in the order Loftusiida.
