Temiskaming Shores is a city in the Timiskaming District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It was created by the amalgamation of the town of New Liskeard, the town of Haileybury, and the township of Dymond in 2004. The city had a total population of 9,634 in the Canada 2021 Census.[2] Temiskaming Shores is Ontario's second-smallest city, in terms of population, after Dryden. Haileybury is the seat of Timiskaming District.
The constituent communities, alongside the neighbouring town of Cobalt, have been collectively referred to as "Tri-Towns" since before amalgamation. Cobalt was also part of the original Temiskaming Shores amalgamation plan, but rejected the merger.
In the Canada 2001 Census, the last Canadian census before the amalgamated city came into effect, New Liskeard had a population of 4,906,[3] Haileybury had a population of 4,543,[4] and Dymond had a population of 1,181.[5]
Geography
Riverside Drive
Temiskaming Shores is located along the southern edge of the Clay Belt area, near the Quebec border on the shores of Lake Timiskaming's Wabi Bay. The separate township municipality of Harris separates the city from the Ontario-Quebec border. The nearest town on the Quebec side of the border is Notre-Dame-du-Nord.
The city includes the communities of New Liskeard, Haileybury, Dymond, and North Cobalt.
Haileybury
New Liskeard
North Cobalt
History
The Ottawa River, which drains into and out of Lake Timiskaming, has been a well-travelled route from the earliest times, including by Native peoples. It also served as the initial point of access to the Temiskaming area. Fort Temiscamingue was established in 1695 by French explorers. In 1794 George Gladman of the Hudson's Bay Company established Abitibi House on Lake Abitibi, to the north. In 1886, Alexander H. Telfer led a survey trip up Lake Timiskaming and gave a report to the Temiskaming Settlers' Association.[6] By this time, the Quebec side of Lake Timiskaming was also being settled, and steamboats, the primary mode of transportation in the area, were ferrying new settlers into the area.
Haileybury, 1915
Before more settlements could be established, the Quebec-Ontario boundary north of Lake Timiskaming had to be accurately surveyed. Earlier surveys by Quebec and Ontario resulted in a boundary dispute, so the Canadian government sent a survey team to resolve the issue in 1890. William Ogilvie, who had recently distinguished himself by accurately surveying the Canada – Alaska boundary, led the expedition. A benchmark near Mattawa was used to establish an accurate benchmark north of Lake Timiskaming, using astronomical methods. From the head of Lake Timiskaming, they proceeded north to James Bay, fixing accurate positions of the provincial boundary at regular intervals using geodesy data derived from star transits. Ogilvie's journal describe conditions in this area and the early settlers he met. His report on this expedition describes the details of this expedition.[7]
William Murray (1840–1906) and Irvin Heard (1871–1956) were the first European settlers in the New Liskeard area, arriving in 1891. Some years later Crown Lands Agent John Armstrong was dispatched to the area to oversee formal land settlement. The settlers founded a prosperous agricultural center, taking advantage of the rich soil in the Little Claybelt region. New Liskeard was founded soon after settlers began to arrive in Dymond, and the two towns were soon incorporated, in 1903 and 1901, respectively. John Armstrong served as New Liskeard's first mayor. His descendants still live in the area today. New Liskeard was named after Liskeard in Cornwall, England.
Old narrow gauge train at Haileybury, 1889
Haileybury was founded in 1889 by Charles Cobbold Farr, who named the newly founded town after the Haileybury and Imperial Service College, his former school in England. In 1901, Dymond Township was incorporated, and two years later in 1903, the Town of New Liskeard was established, with John Armstrong as its first mayor.[8] Haileybury was formally incorporated as a town in 1904. Farr encouraged settlement in the area, penning his own promotional pamphlet, entitled "The Lake Temiskamingue District", in an effort to attract new settlers to the region. Marketed to settlers as prime agricultural land, Haileybury had only a handful of residents until the arrival of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway in the early 1900s, and the subsequent discovery of large silver deposits in neighboring Cobalt in 1903. During the Cobalt Silver Rush, Haileybury became a 'bedroom community' that served the needs of the many miners and, most famously, many mine owners and managers. These mine managers and owners were responsible for the construction of the row of stately homes, nicknamed 'Millionaire's Row' that stretched along the waterfront on what is now Lakeshore Road, many of which still stand today. In 1909, the Haileybury Hockey Club played its first and only season in the NHA. The club was taken over and moved by Montreal's Club Antique-Canadien for the following season, and became the Montreal Canadiens. By 1912, Haileybury had been named the judicial seat for the Temiskaming Region, a title it retains to this day. The town of Haileybury annexed the neighbouring community of North Cobalt in 1971.
Haileybury after its destruction in the Great Fire of 1922.
The region was affected by the Great Fire of 1922, considered one of the worst disasters ever to befall the area. Haileybury suffered the worst damage, and approximately ninety percent of the town was destroyed, leaving only Millionaire's Row and a few other neighborhoods intact. The mass destruction is partially attributable to strong wind on the day of the fire. Approximately 3500 people were left homeless by the fire. The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), with many retired street cars in its yards, sent many old car bodies to serve as houses during the reconstruction. Some of these cars remained for years, and one has recently been restored and is in the museum at Haileybury.[9] As well, the area was affected by the 1935 Timiskaming earthquake, which had its epicentre at Lac Kipawa in Quebec, approximately halfway between the Haileybury/New Liskeard area and North Bay.
In 1971, the Township Municipality of Bucke (that included North Cobalt) was amalgamated with Haileybury.[8]
In more recent history, Dymond still functions largely as an agricultural centre, while the commercial and industrial interests in the area have mostly shifted operations to the former town of New Liskeard. Haileybury maintains its status as a judicial seat, and is also home to the new city hall.[10] A strong link to agriculture means that Temiskaming Shores has largely avoided the boom-and-bust cycle typical of most mining- and forestry-dependent small towns in Northern Ontario. Temiskaming Shores has also become a popular retirement and recreational destination, with small retirement communities like the Bayport Village being developed in the former town of Haileybury.
A 65,000-square-foot (6,000m2) building in Haileybury, built by area businessman Peter Grant as a combination home and office for his now-defunct company Grant Forest Products, was promoted as the largest house in Canada when Grant put it on the real estate market in 2010 for an asking price of $25 million.[11]
In 2013, Temiskaming Shores was the main filming location for the movie Skating to New York.[12]
Amalgamation issues
Initially, as none of the old municipal office buildings were large enough to accommodate the expanded municipal staff of a single city, all three remained in use to house different city departments. A new city hall, located on Farr Drive in Haileybury, was completed in 2007.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Temiskaming Shores had a population of 9,634 living in 4,263 of its 4,539 total private dwellings, a change of -2.9% from its 2016 population of 9,920. With a land area of 176.67km2 (68.21sqmi), it had a population density of 54.5/km2 (141.2/sqmi) in 2021.[13] English was the mother language of 66.4% of Temiskaming Shore's population, while 28.4% of the city's residents spoke French as a mother language.[14]
Census
Population
New Liskeard
1911
2,108
1921
2,268
1931
2,880
1941
3,019
1951
4,215
1961
4,896
1971
5,488
1981
5,551
1991
5,431
2001
4,906
Temiskaming Shores
2006
10,442
2011
10,400
2016
9,980
2021
9,634
Canada census – Temiskaming Shores community profile
Temiskaming Shores and Cobalt share a small public transit system, Tri-Town Transit.
The Ontario Northland bus service makes scheduled stops in New Liskeard, Dymond and Haileybury.
Retail
The city is the economic and service hub to a population of approximately 32,500 from small communities in the surrounding region. Professional services and large retailers continue to open in the community to service regional customers from both Ontario and Quebec.
Timiskaming Square
The city's one enclosed shopping mall, Timiskaming Square, is located in the Dymond area at 883303 Highway 65 (47.51 N, 79.67 W). Owned by Plaza REIT, it opened in 1977 and has 21 stores, anchored by Food Basics. The mall has 164,142 sq. ft. (15,249 m2) of space. Its popularity in the 1980s contributed to the decline of the downtown businesses of Haileybury and to a lesser extent New Liskeard. Since then, large Walmart and Canadian Tire stores have been built nearby, resulting in a decline in mall business. As of 2021, the mall only has 7 stores and services left: Food Basics, Dollarama, Giant Tiger, Pet Valu, TD Canada Trust, DriveTest, and Pop's Cannabis.[19]
Many of the mall's customers are from Quebec, which is a short drive away on Highway 65.
During the Sunday shopping debate, the shopping centre was cited as one of the primary reasons the local representative voted in favour of the bill.[20]
Haileybury in Temiskaming Shores is home to the Haileybury Campus of the English-language Northern College.[21] The Haileybury Campus is home to Northern College's Veterinary Technology programs, including advanced diplomas in Wildlife Rehabilitation and in Companion Animal Physical Rehabilitation that were the first of their kind in Canada.[22]
Weekly community newspapers include The Temiskaming Speaker,[23]Le Reflet[24] and The Temiskaming Speaker Weekender[25] and the biweekly The Voice of the Shores.[26]
Timiskaming is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district was created in 1912 from parts of Algoma, Nipissing, and Sudbury districts. In 1921, Cochrane District was created from parts of this district and parts of Thunder Bay District.
Cobalt is a town in Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada. It had a population of 1,118 at the 2016 Census. The population is now closer to 943.
The Nipissing Central Railway (NCR), sometimes known as the Temiskaming Streetcar Line, is a railway operating in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The line was originally an interurban streetcar system connecting New Liskeard, Haileybury and Cobalt on the western bank of Lake Temiskaming in northern Ontario from 1910 to 1935. The operating company continues to be used to operate the Ontario Northland Railway freight spur line between Swastika, Ontario and Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec as it was incorporated under a federal charter, avoiding the need to re-charter either end in its respective provinces.
Englehart is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located on the Blanche River in the Timiskaming District.
Latchford is a single-tier municipality town in Timiskaming District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is located on Bay Lake on the Montreal River, near the town of Cobalt and the municipality of Temagami, and is 20 kilometres from the city of Temiskaming Shores. The population of the town in the Canada 2011 Census was 387, which makes it the smallest town by population in Ontario. The town's slogan is "The Best Little Town by a Dam Site!"
Devil's Rock is a granite escarpment located 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Temiskaming Shores, Ontario, Canada. The cliffs rise 300 feet (91 m) above Lake Timiskaming and extend nearly as far underwater as they do above, giving Devil's Rock a cliff face roughly 600 feet (180 m) tall.
Notre-Dame-du-Nord is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality. It is located at the northern end of Lake Timiskaming where the Ottawa River enters into this lake.
Harris is a township in the Timiskaming District in the Canadian province of Ontario.
Harley is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario. Located within the Timiskaming District, Harley is located directly north of the city of Temiskaming Shores.
Hudson is a township municipality incorporating the congruent geographic township in Timiskaming District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Hudson is located directly west of the city of Temiskaming Shores and has only one named settlement, the community of Hillview.
Brethour is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Timiskaming District.
Chamberlain is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Timiskaming District.
Charlton and Dack is a municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Timiskaming District. Its population in 2016 was 686.
Saint-Édouard-de-Fabre is a parish municipality in western Quebec, Canada, in the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality.
Highway 11B is the designation for ten business routes of Highway 11 in the Canadian province of Ontario. All but one was the original route of Highway 11 through the town or city that it served, and was subsequently given the 11B designation when a newer bypass route was constructed to reduce traffic pressure on the urban street network. Seven of the nine sections of Highway 11B have now been decommissioned by the Ministry of Transportation, with the exception of the Atikokan route and the southernmost section of the former Tri-Town route between Cobalt and Highway 11.
The Timiskaming Professional Hockey League (TPHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league based in the area of Lake Timiskaming, Canada. Founded in 1906, the league is notable for providing teams and Ambrose O'Brien, a founder of the National Hockey Association and the founding owner of the Montreal Canadiens.
Tomstown is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in the unincorporated township of Ingram within the Unorganized, West Part division of Timiskaming District.
The Cobalt silver rush was a silver rush in Ontario, Canada that began in 1903 when huge veins of silver were discovered by workers on the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway (T&NO) near the Mile 103 post. By 1905 a full-scale silver rush was underway, and the town of Cobalt, Ontario sprang up to serve as its hub. By 1908 Cobalt produced 9% of the world's silver, and in 1911 produced 31,507,791 ounces of silver. However, the good ore ran out fairly rapidly, and most of the mines were closed by the 1930s. There were several small revivals over the years, notably in World War II and again in the 1950s, but both petered out and today there is no active mining in the area. In total, the Cobalt area mines produced 460 million ounces of silver.
The Great Fire of 1922 was a wildfire burning through the Lesser Clay Belt in the Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada, from October 4 to 5, 1922. It has been called one of the ten worst natural disasters in Canadian history.
Moore Creek is a short creek in the St. Lawrence River drainage basin in Temiskaming Shores, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada, between the communities of New Liskeard and Haileybury.
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