The Alamo (2004 film)

Last updated

The Alamo
The Alamo 2004 film.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by John Lee Hancock
Written byJohn Lee Hancock
Leslie Bohem
Stephen Gaghan
Produced by Ron Howard
Mark Johnson
Starring Dennis Quaid
Billy Bob Thornton
Jason Patric
Patrick Wilson
Jordi Mollà
Emilio Echevarría
Cinematography Dean Semler
Edited byEric L. Beason
Music by Carter Burwell
Production
companies
Distributed by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
Release date
  • April 9, 2004 (2004-04-09)
Running time
138 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguagesEnglish
Spanish
Budget$107 million
Box office$25.8 million

The Alamo is a 2004 American war historical drama about the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution. The film was directed by John Lee Hancock, produced by Ron Howard, Brian Grazer, and Mark Johnson, distributed by Buena Vista Pictures (through its Touchstone Pictures banner), and starring Dennis Quaid as Sam Houston, Billy Bob Thornton as Davy Crockett, Jason Patric as Jim Bowie, and Patrick Wilson as William B. Travis. The screenplay is credited to Hancock, Stephen Gaghan, and Leslie Bohem.

Contents

The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics and underperformed at the box-office, losing the studio over $146 million. [1]

Plot

At a party in 1835, while trying to persuade people to migrate to Texas, Sam Houston encounters David Crockett, recently defeated in his bid for re-election to Congress. In San Felipe, the Texas provisional government is meeting to discuss what action to take after their capture of the Alamo and the town of San Antonio de Bexar in the recent fighting. Texas has rebelled against Mexico, and its dictatorial president Santa Anna is personally leading one wing of his army to retake San Antonio, then invade the settlements and put an end to the rebellion. Various members of the Texan War Party called for the Texas army to depart Bexar, cross into Mexico, and capture the town of Matamoros. The Opposition Party seeks to rebuild the Texan army and establish a permanent government.

The provisional government votes out Sam Houston as commander of the Texas army; a disgusted Houston tells Jim Bowie to go to San Antonio, destroy the fortifications (including the Alamo), and retreat eastward. The Texas government then orders William Barret Travis to Bexar. Colonel Neil, the Alamo's commander, gives Travis command of the post as Neil must leave to take care of a family emergency before returning with reinforcements. Knowing that the Alamo's small force cannot withstand the Mexican Army, Travis sends pleas for reinforcements. Travis oversees defense preparations as small groups of Texans arrive, hoping enough reinforcements will arrive before the inevitable final assault.

Crockett, coming to Texas to revive his political career, arrives in San Antonio. He is surprised that the fighting isn't over and that Santa Anna and his army aren't expected until mid-March. But after a grueling forced march, Santa Anna unexpectedly arrives on Feb. 23, forcing the Texans to hurriedly retire to the Alamo compound. Despite its vulnerability, the Texans resume fortifying it as best they can. Travis continues to send for reinforcements, but few men arrive.

Santa Anna's troops surround the fort, and the siege begins. Bowie meets with Mexican General Manuel Castrillón to talk things over, but Travis stubbornly fires a cannon at the Mexican camp, abruptly ending their conversation. Bowie returns to tell Travis that Santa Anna has offered the opportunity to surrender, but the defenders decide to stay and fight. With his hopes of an easy victory foiled, Santa Anna settles in for a siege but orders that no quarter be given to the Alamo defenders. He orders the band to play Èl Degüello (slit throat), which signifies no quarter will be given to the Texan defenders. Bowie's ongoing illness renders him bedridden, and Travis assumes full command.

On Sunday, March 6, Mexican troops assault the Alamo in a pre-dawn attack. Despite heavy casualties, they breach the walls, and most of the Texans, including Travis and Bowie, are slain. Crockett, the last survivor, is taken prisoner. In a final act of defiance, he mockingly offers to safely lead Santa Anna to Sam Houston if he will surrender. Santa Anna angrily orders Crockett to be executed.

Days later, after hearing that the Alamo has fallen, Houston, now in full command of all Texan troops, orders a general retreat eastward. They are pursued by the victorious Mexican Army, led by the over-confident Santa Anna. In an attempt to catch the retreating Texans, and against the advice of his officers, Santa Anna divides his forces, taking a smaller, fast-moving force with him to chase Houston and the fleeing Texas government. A few weeks later, Houston halts his retreat near the San Jacinto River, where he decides to risk everything in a sudden attack when he learns of Santa Anna's presence. With the support of two cannons and a group of Juan Seguin's mounted Tejanos, Houston surprises Santa Anna's army during its afternoon siesta and in the ensuing rout the vengeful Texans massacre at least 700 Mexican soldiers. Santa Anna is captured, and in exchange for his life, he agrees to order all Mexican troops to withdraw from Texas and accept Texan independence. The film ends with an eerie scene where Crockett is standing on the walls of the Alamo, playing his fiddle.

Cast

Production

Development and writing

Crew members film a battle scene. AlamoFilming.jpg
Crew members film a battle scene.
The set of the Alamo used during filming. AlamoFilming2.jpg
The set of the Alamo used during filming.

The origin of the project began in the mid 1990's, with screenwriter Leslie Bohem, who had previously worked on films such as A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child , and Dante’s Peak . Bohem had a conversation with Braveheart screenwriter Randall Wallace at the Austin Film Festival, who told Bohem about a trip he had taken to San Antonio to take a look at The Alamo. Bohem then set off to write a script. In 1998, Touchstone Pictures, a subsidiary of Disney bought the screenplay, and hired Ron Howard and Brian Grazer as producers, with Howard originally set to direct. [2]

In January 2001, Variety announced that Kevin Jarre was writing a new script, [3] [4] In October of the same year, it was announced that John Sayles was hired to write a new draft, [5] [6] [7] Sayles, who previously had written and directed Lone Star , had come up with a 137-page draft that was considered brilliant, [8] [9] In contrast to the 1960 film of the same name starring John Wayne, this film was going to attempt to depict the political points of view from both the Mexican and Texan sides, as well as explore the personal lives of Alamo heroes William Travis, Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett. Additionally, Santa Anna is more prominently featured. As Howard mentioned in an interview:

"I believe audiences are ready to embrace the complexities of the film, but it still boils down to heroism,” “The simplistic approach is not appropriate and it’s not interesting, We know there will be limitations and controversies".

In June 2002, it was announced that Stephen Gaghan was hired to rewrite Sayles's script. [10] [11] [12] Howard stated that he wanted to shoot a grittier film, much in the style of Sam Peckinpah's work, with a budget costing about $130 million and having an R rating, further elaborating in interviews at the time with IGN and The Oklahoman, Howard said: [13] [14]

"I kept saying I sort of wanted to do 'Traffic', we kept working on the screenplay with that kind of multicharacter, multistory line kind of approach. … I can't say we ever had anything on paper that I could look at the studio and say, 'You've got it. You're fools if you don't do this just this way.' We didn't have that. It was still this idea, this notion in my mind more than a really fully realized script."

"My sense of what I wanted to do with it was tougher, more graphic, a closer cousin to 'Saving Private Ryan'."

[15] There were financial and creative disagreements between Imagine Entertainment and Disney, particularly over Howard's proposed budget. Disney rejected Imagine's proposal, and due to the project not moving forward at the time, Howard stepped down as director, [16] [17] but he would stay on the project as an executive producer, alongside Grazer, who stated in an interview at the time:

"I wasn't interested in making 'The Alamo' as a PG-13 film, or PG movie, I didn't get it, I just didn't understand it. Whereas I did understand it through a different filter, through an R-rated, very intense (story) showing sacrifice, showing pain...all of those feelings....I didn't understand why you should do it the other way"

[18]

Robert Rodriguez was briefly considered for director, but Disney opted for director John Lee Hancock and a budget of $107 million. [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]

Casting

During pre-production, several actors such as Mel Gibson and Brad Pitt were considered for roles in the movie. Russell Crowe was in talks to play Sam Houston, while Ethan Hawke signed on as William Barret Travis. Producer Brian Grazer wanted Sean Penn for the role of James Bowie, and Billy Bob Thornton was cast as David Crockett. After Howard stepped down as director, Crowe and Hawke exited the project while Thornton remained, Viggo Mortensen was considered as a possible replacement for Crowe, but Dennis Quaid got cast in the role of Houston. [24] Jason Patric was cast as Bowie, and Patrick Wilson replaced Hawke as Travis. [25] [26] A full $35 million was spent promoting the film. [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32]

Filming on the Alamo set

Most of the film was shot between January and June 2003, primarily using sets built at a ranch near Austin; at 51 acres, it was the largest set ever built in North America (at the time). A number of buildings, including the mission, were constructed for the film, at a cost of about $10 million. They depicted a Spanish colonial village. The sets were subsequently abandoned but were visited occasionally, at the Milton Reimers Ranch Park, although they were deteriorating; they were not intended to endure for a long period of time. Nine of the 12 major structures were damaged in a fire in September 2011. [33] [34] The park's web site in 2020 makes no mention of the movie or the sets. [35]

Hancock's version was purported to be the most accurate of all the Alamo films, but various liberties were taken, such as building the Alamo chapel facade forward 40 feet more than the extant (and presumably historically-correct) structure. According to one of the DVD version's special features, Hancock did that to show the Alamo chapel and the interior of the fort in one shot.

Battle scenes

In the winter of 1835–1836, when the Mexican Army was moving north through desert areas, shortly before it crossed the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande), it endured a snowstorm of uncommon intensity, and soldiers suffered illness and hunger. Snow making machines were used to create the scenes of the march through the snow. Four days later, an actual snow storm blanketed the set. Two calls were made to find thin and gaunt extras to play the soldiers, but the film's scenes of the attack on the Alamo were shot in harsh weather. Extras stood for hours in cold rain, making some scenes gruelingly realistic. A few days of the filming was held up, due to bitter cold and very muddy conditions.

Final editing

After the film was shot, it was edited down to three hours; later it was reduced to two hours, with scenes and certain characters removed. Shortly prior to the release, 15 minutes were added. Nonetheless, Quaid's role had been significantly reduced from the first version. [36]

Historical accuracy

The depiction of Crockett's fate came from memoirs written by José Enrique de la Peña, an officer in Santa Anna's army. Though accepted by many historians, this was the first film to show Crockett executed as a prisoner of war; all others had depicted his death as occurring during the battle. That sparked criticism from many Alamo enthusiasts and some historians, given the disputed nature of its origins. [37]

Release

Box office

The film was a box office flop. Its opening was overshadowed by The Passion of the Christ , and first weekend earnings were only $9.1 million. The film closed with $22.4 million in the domestic market, and only $25.8 million in total, on a $107 million budget. The Alamo remains one of the biggest box office bombs of all time. [38] [39]

Critical reception

The film received mixed to negative reviews. It holds a 29% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 159 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The critics consensus reads, "Too conventional and un-involving to be memorable". [40] It holds a Metacritic score of 47/100 based on 38 reviews, indicating "mixed or average" reviews. [41] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale. [42]

Variety called it "a historically credible but overly prosaic account of the most celebrated episode in the creation of an Americanized Texas". [43] The Houston Chronicle gave the film a grade of "B", saying Hancock, whom the paper points out is a "former Houstonian", "shows respect if not reverence for his state's mythical heritage, even while viewing it from modern perspectives"; it notes the "build-up to battle is prolonged and talky, and for a classic tale of heroic defiance, this Alamo feels more restrained than rousing. Again, it's no-win. When Hancock supplies history, the action and drama bog down. And even when he's right, he's wrong, since so many historians disagree about what happened at the site in what is now Downtown San Antonio". [44]

Entertainment Weekly gave it a "C+", saying "Hancock's moderate, apolitical, war-is-hell dramatization of the famous 1836 battle that shaped the future of a free and independent American Texas isn't nearly the flop that the exceptionally harsh and unavoidable advance chatter has suggested it is. It's not the jingoistic call to patriotism of John Wayne's 1960 version, either. But The Alamo never harmonizes into a cinematic experience any more resonant than the average, manly, why-we-fight pic, or coalesces into a stirring cry for freedom". [45]

According to Roger Ebert: "Conventional wisdom in Hollywood is that any movie named The Alamo must be simplistic and rousing, despite the fact that we already know all the defenders got killed (if we don't know it, we find out in the first scene). Here is a movie that captures the loneliness and dread of men waiting for two weeks for what they expect to be certain death, and it somehow succeeds in taking those pop-culture brand names like Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie and giving them human form". He awarded the film three and a half out of four stars, and it notably became the film's most positive review. [46]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martín Perfecto de Cos</span> General of the Mexican Army

Martín Perfecto de Cos was a Mexican Army general and politician during the mid-19th century. Born in Veracruz, the son of an attorney, he became an army cadet at the age of 20, a Lieutenant in 1821, and a Brigadier General in 1833.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Bowie</span> American pioneer (1796–1836)

James Bowie was a 19th-century American pioneer, slave smuggler and trader, and soldier who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution. He was among the Americans who died at the Battle of the Alamo. Stories of him as a fighter and frontiersman, both real and fictitious, have made him a legendary figure in Texas history and a folk hero of American culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of the Alamo</span> Major battle of the Texas Revolution

The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event and military engagement in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna reclaimed the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar. About one hundred Texians were then garrisoned at the mission, with around a hundred subsequent reinforcements led by eventual Alamo co-commanders James Bowie and William B. Travis. On February 23, approximately 1,500 Mexicans marched into San Antonio de Béxar as the first step in a campaign to retake Texas. In the early morning hours of March 6, the Mexican Army advanced on the Alamo. After repelling two attacks, the Texians were unable to fend off a third attack. As Mexican soldiers scaled the walls, most of the Texian fighters withdrew into interior buildings. Those who were unable to reach these points were slain by the Mexican cavalry as they attempted to escape. Between five and seven Texians may have surrendered; if so, they were quickly executed. Subsequently almost all of the Texian inhabitants were killed.

<i>The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory</i> 1987 TV film

The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory is a 1987 American Western television miniseries later edited into a feature film about the 1836 Battle of the Alamo written and directed by Burt Kennedy, starring James Arness as James Bowie, Brian Keith as Davy Crockett, Alec Baldwin as William Barrett Travis, Raul Julia as Antonio López de Santa Anna, and featuring a single scene cameo by Lorne Greene as Sam Houston. Unlike most other films about the Alamo — the most prominent other exception being the 1955 film The Last Command — it focuses on Bowie as the main character rather than Crockett.

<i>The Alamo</i> (1960 film) 1960 film by John Wayne

The Alamo is a 1960 American epic historical war film about the 1836 Siege and Battle of the Alamo produced and directed by John Wayne and starring Wayne as Davy Crockett. The film also co-stars Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie and Laurence Harvey as William B. Travis, and features: Frankie Avalon, Patrick Wayne, Linda Cristal, Joan O'Brien, Chill Wills, Joseph Calleia, Ken Curtis, Ruben Padilla as Santa Anna, and Richard Boone as Sam Houston. Shot in 70 mm Todd-AO by William H. Clothier, it was released by United Artists.

James Clinton Neill was an American soldier and politician, most noted for his role in the Texas Revolution and the early defense of the Alamo. He was born in North Carolina and served in the Alabama House of Representatives between 1825 and 1827.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Susanna Dickinson</span> Survivor of the Battle of the Alamo (1814-1883)

Susanna Wilkerson Dickinson and her infant daughter, Angelina, were among the few American survivors of the 1836 Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution. Her husband, Almaron Dickinson, and 185 other Texian defenders were killed by the Mexican Army.

This is a timeline of the Republic of Texas, spanning the time from the Texas Declaration of Independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836, up to the transfer of power to the State of Texas on February 19, 1846.

<i>The Last Command</i> (1955 film) 1955 film by Frank Lloyd

The Last Command is a 1955 American Western film directed by Frank Lloyd starring Sterling Hayden, Anna Maria Alberghetti, Richard Carlson, Arthur Hunnicutt, Ernest Borgnine and J. Carrol Naish based on the life of Jim Bowie and the Battle of the Alamo.

Francisco Antonio Ruiz was the alcalde of San Antonio during the Texas Revolution and was responsible for identifying the bodies of those killed at the Battle of the Alamo.

<i>The Immortal Alamo</i> 1911 film

The Immortal Alamo is an American silent film released on May 25, 1911. The Immortal Alamo is the earliest film version of the events surrounding the 1836 Battle of the Alamo. The film was directed by William F. Haddock and produced by Gaston Méliès. The film's cast included Francis Ford, Edith Storey, William A. Carroll, and one hundred cadets from the Peacock Military Academy. The film was said to be 10 minutes in length and focused on the formula of "pretty girl, shy hero, and a villain" during the battle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of the Alamo</span> Part of the Battle of the Alamo

The siege of the Alamo was the first thirteen days of the Battle of the Alamo. On February 23, Mexican troops under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna entered San Antonio de Bexar, Texas, and surrounded the Alamo Mission. The Alamo was defended by a small force of Texians and Tejanos, led by William Barrett Travis and James Bowie, and included Davy Crockett. Before beginning his assault on the Alamo, Santa Anna offered them one last chance to surrender. Travis replied by opening fire on the Mexican forces and, in doing so, effectively sealed their fate. The siege ended when the Mexican Army launched an early-morning assault on March 6. Almost all of the defenders were killed, although several civilians survived.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legacy of the Battle of the Alamo</span>

The Battle of the Alamo left a substantial legacy and influence within American culture and is an event that is told from the perspective of the vanquished.

<i>Man of Conquest</i> 1939 film

Man of Conquest is a 1939 American Western film directed by George Nicholls Jr. and starring Richard Dix, Gail Patrick, and Joan Fontaine. The film was nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Score, Best Sound, and Best Art Direction.

<i>The Man from the Alamo</i> 1953 film by Budd Boetticher

The Man from the Alamo is a 1953 American Western film directed by Budd Boetticher and starring Glenn Ford, Julie Adams and Chill Wills.

<i>Martyrs of the Alamo</i> 1915 film

Martyrs of the Alamo is a 1915 American historical war drama film written and directed by Christy Cabanne. The film is based on the historical novel of the same name by Theodosia Harris, and features an ensemble cast including Sam De Grasse, Douglas Fairbanks, Walter Long and Alfred Paget. Fairbanks role was uncredited, and was his first role in film, although his first starring role, in The Lamb, was released prior to this picture. The film features the siege of Béxar, the Battle of the Alamo, and the Battle of San Jacinto.

<i>Heroes of the Alamo</i> 1937 film by Harry L. Fraser

Heroes of the Alamo (1937) is a low-budget retelling of the events of the Texas Revolution and the Battle of the Alamo. It was produced by Anthony J. Xydias and reuses the battle scenes of his 1926 silent film Davy Crockett at the Fall of the Alamo. About 35 minutes of the latter film is available on the DVD of Heroes of the Alamo, all that remains of the silent film.

James A. Michener's Texas is a 1994 ABC television miniseries directed by Richard Lang. It was adapted from the 1985 historical fiction novel Texas by James A. Michener, but includes only the section of the book related to Texas Independence and the Battle of San Jacinto. The novel is more wide-ranging, starting with Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and ending in the modern day.

The First Texan is a 1956 American CinemaScope and Technicolor western film directed by Byron Haskin and starring Joel McCrea, Felicia Farr and Jeff Morrow. Produced by Walter Mirisch, it was shot in CinemaScope and distributed by Allied Artists. It is set during the Texas Revolution of the 1830s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joe Travis</span>

Joe Travis was an enslaved man who was one of the only survivors of the Battle of the Alamo. Joe was sold four times in his life, with his most well known owner being William B. Travis, a 19th century lawyer and soldier, who would later serve as one of the commanding officers at The Battle of the Alamo.

References

  1. ↑ Gabbi Shaw (February 27, 2017). "The biggest box office flop from the year you were born". Insider. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  2. ↑ "Back to the Alamo". www.ign.com. November 27, 2000. Archived from the original on June 12, 2002. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  3. ↑ "Crystal crystalizes as Imagine VP". Variety . January 8, 2001. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  4. ↑ "Hits offer up new history lesson". Variety . April 19, 2001. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  5. ↑ "John Sayles to pen The Alamo". www.screenwritersutopia.com. October 19, 2001. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
  6. ↑ "Opie Rebuilds The Alamo". www.ign.com. October 20, 2001. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  7. ↑ "Elston Gunn's Weekly Recap hits on HULK, Ron Howard's ALAMO and much much more!!!". www.aintitcool.com. October 22, 2001. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  8. ↑ "WEB ABUZZ ABOUT SAYLES' ALAMO FILM". Sun-Sentinel . August 3, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  9. ↑ "The Stax Report: Script Review of The Alamo". www.ign.com. July 18, 2002. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
  10. ↑ "Gaghan Remembers The Alamo". www.ign.com. June 17, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  11. ↑ "Remember the 'Alamo' rewrite". Variety . June 27, 2002. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  12. ↑ Grierson, Tim (2013). FilmCraft: Screenwriting. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   9781136070624 . Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  13. ↑ "Ron Howard Talks The Alamo". www.ign.com. November 3, 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  14. ↑ "Howard sets record straight on 'Alamo'". www.oklahoman.com. September 29, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  15. ↑ "Alamo Heights". Texas Monthly. December 1, 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  16. ↑ "Ron Howard crosses the line!!! Leaves THE ALAMO!!!". Ain't It Cool News . July 8, 2002. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
  17. ↑ "Howard off 'Alamo'". Variety . July 7, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  18. ↑ "Producer OK with 'Alamo' delay". mysanantonio.com. Archived from the original on January 23, 2004. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  19. ↑ "Disney gives 'Rookie' ace 'Alamo' reins". Variety . July 29, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  20. ↑ "Why Disney said no to Russell Crowe's Alamo". Entertainment Weekly . August 23, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  21. ↑ "Sanitized vision prevails in 'Alamo'". Chicago Tribune . March 5, 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  22. ↑ "Jane Doe Exclusive: A Return to The Alamo". www.lightsouthernentertainment.com. February 22, 2002. Archived from the original on June 12, 2002. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  23. ↑ "Director tackles complicated story of 'The Alamo'". www.baltimoresun.com. April 8, 2004. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  24. ↑ "Quaid gunning for the 'Alamo'". Variety . November 8, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  25. ↑ "Alamo's' Bowie knife gets an edge". Variety . January 5, 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  26. ↑ "Wilson hitched to 'Alamo' Army post". Variety . December 19, 2002. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  27. ↑ "Mouse trying on coon-skin cap". Variety . October 2, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  28. ↑ "Helmer auditions Texas". Variety . March 19, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  29. ↑ "Mouse pushes 'Alamo' to spring". Variety . October 28, 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  30. ↑ "Inside 'The Alamo'". Variety . October 29, 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  31. ↑ "Thornton takes on the Alamo". Variety . March 5, 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  32. ↑ "Alamo Legend, Take 2". The Los Angeles Times . February 24, 2003. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  33. ↑ Fire destroys set of 2004 "Alamo" remake in Texas
  34. ↑ Alamo movie set burned by fire
  35. ↑ Milton Reimers Ranch Park
  36. ↑ A Battle Disney May Never Forget; For 'The Alamo,' a Long and Bumpy Road, From Conception to Release
  37. ↑ Fuchs, Cynthia. "The Alamo (2004)". PopMatters. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  38. ↑ "The Alamo (2004)". Box Office Mojo . Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  39. ↑ Eller, Claudia,"The costliest box office flops of all time", Los Angeles Times (January 15, 2014)
  40. ↑ The Alamo at Rotten Tomatoes
  41. ↑ "The Alamo Reviews". Metacritic . Fandom, Inc. April 9, 2004. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  42. ↑ Brueggemann, Tom (April 12, 2020). "The Easter When 'The Passion of the Christ' Beat 'Hellboy' for #1 at the Box Office". IndieWire . Retrieved December 1, 2022.
  43. ↑ McCarthy, Todd (April 7, 2004). "New U.S. Release: The Alamo". Variety . Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  44. ↑ "The Alamo". Houston Chronicle. May 28, 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  45. ↑ "The Alamo". Entertainment Weekly. April 7, 2004. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  46. ↑ Roger Ebert (April 9, 2004). "The Alamo". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.