Thelotrema

Last updated

Thelotrema
Thelotrema lepadinum Pt Grayo - Berne 2010-01-17.jpg
Thelotrema lepadinum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Graphidales
Family: Graphidaceae
Genus: Thelotrema
Ach. (1803)
Type species
Thelotrema lepadinum
(Ach.) Ach. (1803)

Thelotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, [1] the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae [2] now belong.

Contents

Members of the genus Thelotrema are commonly called barnacle lichens. [3] [4]

Description

Thelotrema lichens have a thallus with colours ranging from white to yellow-grey or light olive. The texture of the thallus can be smooth, uneven, or verrucose , with the presence of either an ecorticate surface or a loosely to rarely dense proso- to paraplectenchymatous cortex. The photobiont layer and medulla frequently contain clusters of calcium oxalate crystals. [5]

The apothecia can be immersed or sessile and appear rounded or angular-rounded. The disc is partially covered by remnants of the excipulum , while the margin can be entire, undulate, or fissured, displaying a distinct double margin. The columella is absent in this genus. The excipulum is paraplectenchymatous, uncarbonized , and varies in colour from colourless to brown. It has distinct periphysoids , and the paraphyses are unbranched. [5]

Thelotrema ascospores are transversely septate to muriform , fusiform-ellipsoid to oblong-cylindrical, and feature thin to thick septa with angular to rounded lumina . The outer wall of the spores is often thick, and the spores may be colourless or brown. They can display weak to strong violet-blue amyloid reactions. The secondary chemistry of Thelotrema lichens generally includes stictic acid or norstictic acid or closely related compounds, with hypoprotocetraric acid appearing rarely. [5]

Species

As of December 2022, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 165 species of Thelotrema. [6]

References

  1. ↑ Mangold, Armin; Martín, María P.; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2008). "Molecular Phylogeny Suggests Synonymy of Thelotremataceae within Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales)". Taxon. 2: 476–486.
  2. ↑ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58.
  3. ↑ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Name Search
  4. ↑ Barnacle Lichen (Thelotrema), Encyclopedia of Life
  5. 1 2 3 Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Lücking, Robert; Aptroot, André; Chaves, José Luis; Kalb, Klaus; Tenorio, Loengrin Umaña (2012). "A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica and adjacent areas: the thelotremoid Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales)". Phytotaxa. 55 (1): 1–214 [182]. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.55.1.1.
  6. ↑ Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Thelotrema". Catalog of Life Version 2022-11-14. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  7. ↑ Nylander, W. (1866). "Collectio lichenum ex insula Cuba". Flora (Regensburg) (in Latin). 49: 289–295.
  8. ↑ Sipman, H.J.M. (1994). "New Graphidales (lichenized Ascomycotina) from the Guianas and nearby areas". Acta Botanica Fennica. 150: 165–172.
  9. 1 2 3 Nylander, W. (1873). "Lichenes insularum Andaman". Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie (in Latin). 7: 162–182.
  10. ↑ Bouly de Lesdain, M. (1927). "Notes lichénologiques. XXIII". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (in French). 74 (3): 436–439. doi: 10.1080/00378941.1927.10831484 .
  11. ↑ Rivas Plata, E.; Lücking, R. (2012). "High diversity of Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) in Amazonian Perú". Fungal Diversity. 58: 13–32.
  12. ↑ Patwardhan, P.G.; Sethy, P.K.; Nagarkar, M.B. (1985). "A contribution to our knowledge of the lichen family Thelotremataceae from South India". Biovigyanam. 11 (2): 133–140.
  13. ↑ Müller, J. (1887). "Lichenologische Beiträge XXV". Flora (Regensburg) (in Latin). 70 (4): 56–64.
  14. ↑ Sipman, Harrie J.M. (2014). "New species of Graphidaceae from the Neotropics and Southeast Asia". Phytotaxa. 189 (1): 289–311. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.21 .
  15. 1 2 Müller, J. (1891). "Lichenes Brisbanenses a cl. F.M. Bailey, Government Botanist, prope Brisbane (Queensland) in Australia orientali lecti". Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (in Latin). 23 (3): 385–404.
  16. 1 2 Vainio, E.A. (1921). "Lichenes insularum Philippinarum, III". Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Serie A (in Latin). 15 (6): 1–368.
  17. ↑ Tuckerman, E. (1877). "Observations on North American and other lichens. 4". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 12: 166–185. doi:10.2307/25138446. JSTOR   25138446.
  18. ↑ Dodge, C.W. (1953). "Some lichens of tropical Africa". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 40 (4): 271–401. doi:10.2307/2394552. JSTOR   2394552.
  19. ↑ Patwardhan, P.G.; Kulkarni, C.R. (1977). "Some new taxa of the family Thelotremataceae from Western Ghats, SW India". Norwegian Journal of Botany. 24: 127–131.
  20. ↑ Matsumoto, T. (2000). "Taxonomic studies of the Thelotremataceae (Graphidales, lichenized Ascomycota) in Japan (1) Genus Thelotrema". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 88: 1–50.
  21. ↑ Zahlbruckner, A. (1932). "Lichenes in Africa lecti". Annales de Cryptogamie Exotique. 5 (3–4): 198–275.
  22. 1 2 Lumbsch, H.T.; Mangold, A.; Martin, M.P.; Elix, J.A. (2008). "Species recognition and phylogeny of Thelotrema species in Australia (Ostropales, Ascomycota)". Australian Systematic Botany. 21 (3): 217–227. doi:10.1071/SB07049. hdl: 1885/39183 . S2CID   86591896.
  23. ↑ Tuckerman, E. (1864). "Observations on North American and other lichens". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 6: 263–287.
  24. 1 2 Müller, J. (1891). "Lichenes Miyoshiani in Japonia a cl. Myoshi lecti et a cl. Professore Yatabe communicati". Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (in Latin). 23: 120–131.
  25. 1 2 Krempelhuber, A. von (1875). "Lichenes quos legit O. Beccari in insulis Borneo et Singapore annis 1866 et 1867". Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (in Latin). 7 (1): 5–67.
  26. ↑ Hale, M.E. Jr. (1975). "Studies on the lichen family Thelotremataceae. 3". Mycotaxon. 3 (1): 173–181.
  27. ↑ Nagarkar, M.B.; Sethy, P.K.; Patwardhan, P.G. (1985). "A contribution to our knowledge of the lichen family Thelotremataceae from South India II". Kavaka. 13 (2): 57–62.
  28. ↑ Mangold, A.; Elix, J.A.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2009). "Thelotremataceae". Flora of Australia. Vol. 57. Australian Biological Resources Study/CSIRO Publishing. pp. 653–659. ISBN   978-0-643-09664-6.
  29. ↑ Tuckerman, E. (1862). "Observations on North American and other lichens. 2". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 5: 383–422. doi:10.2307/20021278. JSTOR   20021278.
  30. ↑ Müller, J. (1895). "Sertum Australiense s. species novae Australienses Thelotremearum, Graphidearum et Pyrenocarpearum". Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier (in Latin). 3: 313–327.
  31. ↑ Montagne, J.P.F.C. (1851). "Cryptogamia Guyanensis seu plantarum cellularium in Guyana gallica annis 1835-1849 a cl. Leprieur collectarum enumeratio universalis". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in French). 16: 47–81.
  32. ↑ Hale, M.E. (1981). "A revision of the lichen family Thelotremataceae in Sri Lanka". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History. 8 (3): 227–232.
  33. 1 2 Hale, M.E. (1974). "Morden-Smithsonian Expedition to Dominica: The Lichens. (Thelotremataceae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 16 (16): 1–46. doi:10.5479/si.0081024X.16.
  34. ↑ Mangold, A.; Elix, J.A.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2007). "The norstictic acid containing Thelotrema species in Australia". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 95: 459–470.
  35. ↑ Frisch, A. (2006). "The lichen family Thelotremataceae in Africa". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 92: 3–370.
  36. ↑ Knight, C. (1883). "On the Lichenographia of New Zealand". Transactions of the New Zealand Institute. 15: 346–358.
  37. 1 2 3 Hale, M.E. (1974). "Studies on the lichen family Thelotremataceae. 2". Phytologia. 27: 490–501.
  38. ↑ Darbishire, O.V. (1912). "The lichens of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition". Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. 4 (2/no. 11): 1–73.
  39. ↑ Zahlbruckner, A. (1933). "Flechten der Insel Formosa". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. 33 (1–7): 22–68. doi:10.1002/fedr.19330330103.
  40. ↑ Mangold, L.; Lücking, R.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2014). "New species of graphidoid and thelotremoid Graphidaceae from Australia". Phytotaxa. 189: 180–188. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.13.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.