Timeline of Latakia

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Latakia, Syria.

Contents

Prior to 20th century

20th century

21st century

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latakia</span> City in Syria

Latakia is the principal port city of Syria and capital city of the Latakia Governorate located on the Mediterranean coast. Historically, it has also been known as Laodicea in Syria or Laodicea ad Mare. In addition to serving as a port, the city is a significant manufacturing center for surrounding agricultural towns and villages. According to a 2023 estimate, the population of the city is 709,000, its population greatly increased as a result of the ongoing Syrian Civil War, which led to an influx of internally displaced persons from rebel held areas. It is the 5th-largest city in Syria after Aleppo, Damascus, Homs and Hama. Cape Apostolos Andreas, the north-eastern tip of Cyprus, is about 109 kilometres (68 mi) away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deir ez-Zor</span> City in eastern Syria

Deir ez-Zor is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country. Located on the banks of the Euphrates River 450 km (280 mi) to the northeast of the capital Damascus, Deir ez-Zor is the capital of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. In the 2018 census, it had a population of 271,800.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republican Guard (Syria)</span> Elite branch of Syrias military

The Syrian Republican Guard (SRG), also known as the Presidential Guard, was an elite 25,000 man praetorian guard unit in the Syrian Army prior to the fall of the Assad regime, and was reportedly at a corps size with around 60,000 guardsmen. It was composed of two mechanized divisions with its main purpose to protect the capital of Syria, Damascus, from any foreign or domestic threats. The Republican Guard was the only Syrian military unit allowed within the capital before the civil war. It was designed to defend the President as well as the major presidential and strategic institutions, including the presidential palaces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deir ez-Zor Governorate</span> Governorate in Syria

Deir ez-Zor Governorate is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in eastern Syria, bordering Iraq. It has an area of 33,060 km2 and a population of 1,239,000. The capital is Deir ez-Zor. It is divided roughly equally from northwest to southeast by the Euphrates. Most of the territory on the river's left (northeast) bank is part of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, while that on the right (southwest) bank is controlled by the Syrian government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)</span> Former Syrian intelligence agency

The Military Intelligence Directorate was the military intelligence service of Ba'athist Syria until 2024. Although its roots go back to the French mandate period, its current organization was established in 1969. Its predecessor organisation was called the Deuxième Bureau. It was headquartered at the Defense Ministry building in Damascus. The military intelligence service, or the Mukhabarat in Arabic, was very influential in Syrian politics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armenia–Syria relations</span> Bilateral relations

Armenian–Syrian relations are foreign relations between Armenia and Syria. Armenia has an embassy in Damascus and a consulate general in Aleppo. In 1997, Syria opened an embassy in Yerevan. Syrian Foreign Minister Farouk al-Sharaa visited Armenia in March 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)</span> Conflict during the Syrian Civil War

Protests against the Syrian government and violence had been ongoing in the Syrian city of Deir ez-Zor since March 2011, as part of the wider Syrian Civil War, but large-scale clashes started following a military operation in late July 2011 to secure the city of Deir ez-Zor. The rebels took over most of the province by late 2013, leaving only small pockets of government control around the city of Deir ez-Zor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ba'ath Brigades</span> Volunteer militia made up of Syrian Baath Party members

The Ba'ath Brigades, also known as the Ba'ath Battalions, were a volunteer militia made up of Syrian Ba'ath Party members, almost entirely of Sunni Muslims from Syria and many Arab countries, loyal to the Syrian Government of Bashar al-Assad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deir ez-Zor Governorate campaign</span> Military operation

The Deir ez-Zor Governorate campaign of the Syrian civil war consists of several battles and offensives fought across the governorate of Syria:

The Deir ez-Zor offensive was a military operation launched by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) on the Deir ez-Zor air base and the surrounding areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)</span> ISIL military operation

The Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016) was an ISIL military operation, during which it took over the northern suburbs of Deir ez-Zor on 16 January 2016, and killed from 135 to 300 people, while also kidnapping about 400 others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Syria's Tomorrow Movement</span> Political party in Syria

The Syria's Tomorrow Movement is a Syrian opposition party founded in March 2016 in Cairo by Ahmad Jarba, a Syrian National Council member. The party was backed by Egypt and the United Arab Emirates and cooperates with the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces, although it is not part of the coalition. They also cooperate with the Syrian Democratic Council of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.

The September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid was a series of 37 U.S.-led Coalition airstrikes near the Deir ez-Zor Airport in eastern Syria on 17 September 2016, lasting from 3:55 p.m. to 4:56 p.m. Damascus time in which Syrian Arab Army (SAA) soldiers were killed conducting operations against the Islamic State. Russia reported that at least 62 SAA soldiers were killed, while the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) said at least 80 were killed and 120 wounded. The United States said that the intended target was Islamic State militants and that the attack on Syrian soldiers was due to a misidentification of ground forces while the Syrian and Russian governments claimed that it was an intentional attack against Syrian troops. The attack triggered "a diplomatic firestorm" with Russia calling an emergency United Nations Security Council meeting. Later, the Syrian government called off a ceasefire that had been the result of months of intense diplomatic efforts by the U.S. and Russian governments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)</span> Military operation

The Deir ez-Zor offensive was a military operation launched by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) against the Syrian Armed Forces, to capture the city of Deir ez-Zor, on 14 January 2017. The offensive came amid the group losing large amounts of territory in the Raqqa offensive as well as the Turkish military intervention in Syria, while Iraqi forces were advancing in its Iraq headquarters in Mosul. It ended with the city being split into two parts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)</span> Siege in the Syrian Civil War

The siege of Deir ez-Zor was a large-scale siege imposed by the Islamic State (IS) militant group against several districts in the city of Deir ez-Zor held by the Ba'athist Syrian military forces, in an attempt to capture the city and secure full control of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. The ISIL siege of the city lasted for almost 3 years and 2 months, after which the Syrian Army launched a successful offensive that fully recaptured the city nine weeks later.

The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from September to December 2017. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian Civil War.

The 2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive was a military offensive launched by the Syrian Arab Army against members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate, following the breaking of the three-year siege of the city of Deir ez-Zor. The Euphrates Crossing offensive, conducted by government troops, was done with the aim of denying US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces and the US itself leverage over the Syrian government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)</span> Military operation launched by the Syrian Armed Forces

The Deir ez-Zor offensive was a military operation launched by the Syrian Armed Forces to completely expel the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from the city of Deir ez-Zor, a provincial capital, located on the banks of the Euphrates river. From 2014 until 2017, the city had been divided into Syrian government and ISIL-controlled halves. The rest of the Governorate (province) was under ISIL control for most of this time, putting the government-controlled half of the city under siege.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baqir Brigade</span> Syrian loyalist militia

The Baqir Brigade, is a Syrian militia which fought for the Ba'athist government during the Syrian civil war. The militia was one of the most prominent and largest pro-government militias from the Aleppo area and part of the "Local Defence Forces" network. Its members mostly consists of tribesmen from the al-Baggara tribe that traditionally supported the rule of the al-Assad family despite being mostly Sunni Muslim. Though the militia's fighters thus come from a largely Sunni background, many of them have converted to or are at least strongly influenced by Shia Islam. The Baqir Brigade has also been noted for its strong connections to the Lebanese Hezbollah, Iran, and various Shiite Iraqi militias, and is thus generally considered to be a Shia or "Shi'ified" fighting force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deir ez-Zor Military Council</span> Arab-majority militia of the Syrian Democratic Forces

The Deir ez-Zor Military Council is an Arab-majority militia of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), based in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Britannica 1910.
  2. Watson 1996.
  3. 1 2 James A. Reilly (1999). "Past and Present in Local Histories of the Ottoman Period from Syria and Lebanon". Middle Eastern Studies. 35 (1): 45–65. doi:10.1080/00263209908701255. JSTOR   4283982.
  4. 1 2 Sergey L. Soloviev; et al. (2000). Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea 2000 B.C.-2000 A.D. Kluwer. ISBN   978-0-7923-6548-8.
  5. "Refugees Pour Into Latakia", New York Times, 27 April 1909
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Onn Winckler (1998), Demographic developments and population policies in Baʻathist Syria, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN   1-902210-16-6
  7. 1 2 3 David Commins; David W. Lesch (2014). Historical Dictionary of Syria (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-7966-9.
  8. "16 Killed in Latakia Blast", New York Times, 6 July 1942
  9. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Lattakia{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. 1 2 3 Syria: Latakia, ArchNet, archived from the original on 24 October 2012
  11. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
  14. "Syrian Protesters Clash With Security Forces", New York Times, 1 April 2011
  15. Notables calm sectarian tensions in Syrian city, Reuters, 28 March 2011, archived from the original on 4 March 2016
  16. "Ancient underground tunnel uncovered beneath Lattakia National Museum - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  17. Johnlee Varghese (11 November 2015). "Russia in Syria: 50 journalists from 12 countries visit Russian base in Latakia". International Business Times. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  18. Luis Martinez (9 September 2015). "Russian Build-Up Continues at Base in Syria, Causing Concern Among US Officials". ABC News. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  19. "SSuicide bomber kills several in Syrian coastal city Latakia: monitor", Reuters, 2 June 2016
  20. "Mrs. Asma al-Assad attends graduation ceremony for 5th batch of National Center of Distinguished Students in Lattakia - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 14 August 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  21. "Al-Manara University opened in Lattakia - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 27 November 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  22. "Authorities seize large amounts of weapons and ammo meant to be smuggled to terrorists in Hama and Lattakia - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 25 March 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  23. "Russian Medical Aid delivered to Tishreen University Hospital in Lattakia - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  24. "Criminal gang responsible for acts of kidnapping and killing arrested in Lattakia - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  25. "Material damage caused in a terrorist rocket attack in Lattakia - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  26. "More than 140 students graduated from AASTMT in Lattakia - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 10 October 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  27. "Authorities seize a car rigged with explosives in Lattakia - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  28. "Prime Minister launches work plan to rehabilitate al-Assad Sports City in Latakia - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  29. "Lattakia receives new batch of aid from Belarus - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 18 November 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  30. "125 Tons of Citrus sent from Lattakia to the people of Deir ez-Zor - Syrian Arab News Agency". Syrian Arab News Agency. 25 November 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  31. "Vladimir Putin makes triumphant visit to Syria airbase", The Guardian, 11 December 2017

This article incorporates information from the Arabic Wikipedia and French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

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