Triantha

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Triantha
Triantha occidentalis-brevi.jpg
Triantha occidentalis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Tofieldiaceae
Genus: Triantha
(Nutt.) Baker
Synonyms [1] [2]
  • Tofieldia section TrianthaNutt.
  • TrianthellaHouse 1921 not Hook.f. 1846

Triantha is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Tofieldiaceae, first described as a genus in 1879. [1] [3] False asphodel is a common name for plants in this genus. [4]

Triantha has four known species. One of these is endemic to Japan. The other three are native to North America. [2] [5] [6]

A comparison of DNA sequences has indicated that Triantha glutinosa might be two species. [7]

Before the family Tofieldiaceae was established in 1995, Triantha and related genera were usually placed in Nartheciaceae, Liliaceae, or Melanthiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic studies of monocots and Alismatales have shown that inclusion of Triantha etc. in these families makes them polyphyletic.

Some authors have included Triantha within the genus Tofieldia . [8] Triantha is distinguished from Tofieldia by its glandular-pubescent stems and by the presence of seed appendages. In 2011, a study of two nuclear genes and ten chloroplast genes showed that Triantha and Tofieldia are monophyletic and closely related sister clades. The species of Triantha are so closely related that the authors could not resolve any relationships among them. [7]

It was reported in August 2021 that the species Triantha occidentalis is carnivorous, catching insects with sticky hairs and enzymatic secretions on its stem. [9]

Species [2]
  1. Triantha glutinosa (Michx.) Baker - sticky asphodel - Canada, Alaska, Great Lakes region, Maine, scattered other spots in USA
  2. Triantha japonica (Miq.) Baker - Honshu
  3. Triantha occidentalis (S.Wats.) R.R.Gates-western false asphodel - Western Canada (Alb, BC), western United States (AK WA OR CA ID MT WY)
  4. Triantha racemosa (Walter) Small-coastal false asphodel - Coastal Plain of United States from TX to NJ

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alismatales</span> Order of herbaceous flowering plants of marshy and aquatic habitats

The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4,500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats. Perhaps the most important food crop in the order is the corm of the taro plant, Colocasia esculenta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melanthieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Melanthieae is a tribe of flowering plants within the family Melanthiaceae. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century have resulted in a large-scale reassignment of many of its species to different genera; in particular the genus Zigadenus (deathcamases) has been restricted to a single species, Zigadenus glaberrimus. Plants contain alkaloids, making them unpalatable to grazing animals; many are very poisonous to both animals and humans.

<i>Narthecium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Narthecium is a Eurasian and North American genus of herbaceous flowering plants. This genus was traditionally treated as belonging to the family Liliaceae, but the APG II system of 2003 placed it in the family Nartheciaceae.

<i>Tetracoccus</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Tetracoccus is a plant genus under the family Picrodendraceae. Shrubby-spurge is a common name for plants in this genus. They are dioecious, often hairy shrubs.

<i>Triadenum</i> Genus of plants

Triadenum, known as marsh St. John's worts, is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae. The genus is characterized by opposite, blunt-tipped leaves and pink flowers with 9 stamens. They are distributed in North America and eastern Asia.

<i>Hydrocharis</i> Genus of aquatic plants

Hydrocharis is a genus of aquatic plants in the family Hydrocharitaceae described as a genus by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is widespread across much of Europe and Asia, plus a few scattered locations in Africa. It is also reportedly naturalized in parts of North America.

<i>Ruppia</i> Genus of aquatic plants

Ruppia, also known as the widgeonweeds, ditch grasses or widgeon grass, is the only extant genus in the family Ruppiaceae, with eight known species. These are aquatic plants widespread over much of the world. The genus name honours Heinrich Bernhard Rupp, a German botanist (1688-1719). They are widespread outside of frigid zones and the tropics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tofieldiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Tofieldiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the monocot order Alismatales. The family is divided into four genera, which together comprise 28 known species. They are small, herbaceous plants, mostly of arctic and subarctic regions, but a few extend further south, and one genus is endemic to northern South America and Florida. Tofieldia pusilla is sometimes grown as an ornamental.

<i>Baccharis glutinosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Baccharis glutinosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names saltmarsh baccharis and Douglas' falsewillow.

<i>Halodule</i> Genus of aquatic plants

Halodule is a genus of plants in the family Cymodoceaceae described as a genus in 1841. It is widespread on tropical and semi-tropical ocean shores of all continents except Europe and Antarctica.

<i>Butomus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Butomus is the only known genus in the plant family Butomaceae, native to Europe and Asia. It is considered invasive in some parts of the United States.

<i>Tofieldia pusilla</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Tofieldiaceae

Tofieldia pusilla is a species of flowering plant in the family Tofieldiaceae. It is also sometimes classified in the lily family, Liliaceae. Its common name is Scottish asphodel in Europe, and Scotch false asphodel in North America. The plant is native to northern North America and parts of Eurasia, its circumpolar distribution extending across Canada and the northern United States to Greenland, Iceland and northern Europe.

Xylothamia, the desert goldenrods, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Until 2003, it was held to contain nine species of shrubs native to deserts of Mexico and the southwestern United States. However, it seems to contain at least two groups. Four species are related to Gundlachia and may be moved to that genus. Plants of the World Online class it as a synonym of Gundlachia. The relationships of the other five species is not quite as clear. All nine species do belong in the subtribe Solidagininae.

<i>Hygroryza</i> Genus of plants

Hygroryza (watergrass) is a genus of Asian plants in the grass family.

<i>Tofieldia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Tofieldia is a small genus of flowering plants described as a genus in 1778. It is widespread across much of Europe, Asia, and North America.

<i>Harperocallis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Harperocallis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Tofieldiaceae, native to Florida and northwestern South America. It was originally described as a monotypic genus, based on the Floridian H. flava, in 1968, but was expanded in 2013 to include ten South American species formerly placed in Isidrogalvia.

<i>Triantha racemosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Triantha racemosa, commonly called the coastal false asphodel or southern bog asphodel, is a species of flowering plant in the Tofieldia family. It is native to the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States, although there are a few disjunct populations inland. It is found in acidic wetlands, including wet barrens and savannas.

<i>Pleea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Pleea is a small genus of flowering plants described as a genus in 1803. There is only one known species, Pleea tenuifolia, the rush featherling, native to the southeastern United States.

<i>Triantha glutinosa</i> Species of plant

Triantha glutinosa is a species of flowering plant in the Tofieldiaceae family. It is commonly known as the sticky false asphodel, sticky tofieldia or northern bog asphodel, is a species of flowering plant in the tofieldia family.

<i>Triantha occidentalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Triantha occidentalis, the western false asphodel, is a species of carnivorous flowering plant in the family Tofieldiaceae. It is found in the Pacific Northwest.

References

  1. 1 2 "Tropicos | Name - Triantha (Nutt.) Baker". www.tropicos.org. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
  2. 1 2 3 "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
  3. Baker, John Gilbert. 1879. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 17(2): 490-491 in Latin
  4. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Triantha". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  5. "Triantha in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
  6. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps Image
  7. 1 2 Hiroshi Azuma and Hiroshi Tobe. 2011. "Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Tofieldiaceae (Alismatales): family circumscription and intergeneric relationships". Journal of Plant Research124(3):349-357. doi : 10.1007/s10265-010-0387-5
  8. "Tofieldia in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
  9. Qianshi Lin, Cécile Ané, Thomas J. Givnish, and Sean W. Graham. 2021. “A new carnivorous plant lineage (Triantha) with a unique sticky-influorescence trap”. PNAS 118(33). doi : 10.1073/pnas.2022724118