Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | December 13,2001 |
Extratropical | December 25,2001 |
Dissipated | December 26,2001 |
Violent typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 195 km/h (120 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 915 hPa (mbar);27.02 inHg |
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 285 km/h (180 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 879 hPa (mbar);25.96 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 2 total |
Damage | $1 million (2001 USD) |
Areas affected | Federated States of Micronesia,Mariana Islands |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2001 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Faxai was the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2001. The twenty-fifth named storm and the sixteenth typhoon of the 2001 Pacific typhoon season,Faxai originated from a circulation in the monsoon trough. The system remained stationary for several days near Kosrae,pouring heavy rain that knocked down power. An indirect death occurred on the island as well. As the storm steadily intensified,Faxai moved west-northwestward at a very slow pace as it neared Pingelap,damaging crops,before bringing strong winds and rainfall that produced two landslides in Pohnpei on December 20. Intensity fluctuated,but convection in the core became more defined and by December 21,Faxai had intensified into a typhoon. A period of rapid intensification then followed,and by early December 23,Faxai reached its peak intensity.
Preparations were ordered as Faxai approached the Mariana Islands,which included a state of emergency on Guam being declared. Faxai produced swells,causing rip currents that drowned a man in Guam. An eyewall replacement cycle was initiated as Faxai began to weaken. On December 24,Faxai recurved north-northeastward,approaching the island of Agrihan,before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on Christmas Day. Agrihan endured powerful winds,but reported minimal damage. The storm's remnants were last marked far west-northwest of Midway Atoll on December 26,before dissipating on that same day. In total,Faxai caused damage of $1 million throughout the affected areas.
The origins of Typhoon Faxai are traced back to a low-latitude monsoon trough in the Caroline Islands that spawned a circulation. [1] Operationally, Faxai was designated the numeral identifier 31W by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), as Faxai and another tropical cyclone were considered to be one tropical cyclone; however, post-season analysis determined that Faxai's low-level circulation center (LLCC) had developed near Kosrae after the dissipation of the other cyclone's circulation. As such, Faxai was re-designated as 33W. [2] On December 13, the system that became Faxai had intensified into a tropical depression southeast of Pohnpei. [3]
For several days, the nascent cyclone stationed in the vicinity of Kosrae. It oscillated near the 5th parallel due to the broad and ill-defined center being difficult to locate. [1] Other factors encompass an interaction with a shear line that spanned toward the system from the northeast, a slightly weak subtropical ridge and a sequence of westerly wind bursts. During the period, the JTWC upgraded the cyclone to a tropical storm early on December 15. [2] Though with no change in intensity, organization very slowly increased, [1] and by 18:00 UTC of the next day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) designated the system a tropical storm and gave it the name Faxai. [3]
The tropical storm moved west-northwestward very slowly and entered a point 324 km (201 mi) east-southeast of Pohnpei on December 17. [1] Around later that day, the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager detected early stages of eyewall development. On December 18, Faxai remained nearly stationary before steering eastward, as the easterlies and the equatorial westerlies dragged the storm in between back and forth. Vertical wind shear around the storm increased due to the easterlies in the tropics and upper troposphere, starting a weakening trend. Early on December 20, Faxai commenced its northwestward path. Intensification of inner-core convection fluctuated as an outer rainband became more defined. [1] At 06:00 UTC, Faxai intensified into a severe tropical storm northeast of Pohnpei. [3] After continuous strengthening, the JTWC estimated that Faxai was a typhoon at 18:00 UTC, [2] followed by the JMA six hours later on December 21. [3]
At that time, rapid intensification ensued for 18 hours, with 1-minute winds increasing from 140 km/h (85 mph) to 220 km/h (140 mph). [2] An upper-level ridge north of Faxai slightly weakened, allowing poleward outflow to develop. [1] Faxai continued to strengthen rapidly, and after six hours, became the year's third and final super typhoon with winds of 250 km/h (155 mph). [2] Additional intensification commenced with very conducive outflow and the primary rainband consolidating, and by the beginning of the next day, Faxai achieved its peak intensity; [1] 10-minute winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) and the lowest atmospheric pressure of 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) were assessed by the JMA, [3] whereas 1-minute winds were assessed at 285 km/h (180 mph) by the JTWC. [2] Around that time, Faxai displayed concentric eyewalls holding a 15 km (9.2 mi) eye. [1]
Not long after peak intensity, the compact irregular eye became cloud-filled, becoming replaced by a ragged banding eye feature, as wind speed began to decrease. Convection in the southeast quadrant began to wear off. Furthermore, dry air invaded the western side of the storm. On Christmas Eve, Faxai recurved about 65 km (40 mi) east of Agrihan as it gradually weakened. The degrading was temporarily halted by a slight burst of deep convection as Faxai accelerated north-northeastward at 30 km/h (20 mph), before Faxai revealed signs of a transition into an extratropical cyclone. On Christmas Day, convection over the western portion greatly decreased. [1] The LLCC and convection, however, remained well-organized during the extratropical transition. [2] At 06:00 UTC, Faxai weakened back into a severe tropical storm. [3] The JTWC then declared that Faxai had completed its transition into an extratropical cyclone at 18:00 UTC. Moving east-northeastward at 80 km/h (50 mph) on December 26, Faxai's remnants were last noted 1,200 km (750 mi) west-northwest of Midway Atoll by the JMA, before they dissipated at 12:00 UTC. [1]
Tropical Storm Faxai was within 48 km (30 mi) west-southwest of Kosrae during December 16. Throughout the previous day, the system poured 10.74 in (273 mm) of rain, and from December 13 to 18, 24.76 in (629 mm) of rain fell upon the island. Wind gusts of nearly 75 km/h (45 mph) were recorded, with peak gusts assessed at 80 km/h (50 mph). An indirect death of a man occurred on the island and electrical power was knocked by heavy rainfall. [4] Damage to banana crops was also reported. The west shore of the island experienced coastal flooding, as many rocks were lifted onto the road of that shore. The storm then drifted west and tracked very near Pingelap on December 18, where winds of 45 km/h (29 mph) and gusts of 75 km/h (48 mph) were recorded. There, many banana trees were downed and some taro patches were damaged by sea water run-up. Faxai moved northwest slowly and on the 20th, produced strong winds of 55 km/h (34 mph) in Pohnpei. The storm poured heavy rain of 80 mm (3.13 in) and caused flooding and two landslides in Nett, [5] as a constitutional convention was convened in Palikir. [6] Overall, Faxai caused $500,000 in property damage and $400,000 of damage towards crops in the Federated States of Micronesia. [5]
Forecasts indicated that Faxai would pass near Guam on December 24. In response, typhoon watches were instated across the islands of Guam, Rota, Tinian, and Saipan on December 22. [5] The Governor of Guam Carl Gutierrez declared a state of emergency and Typhoon Condition 3 as Faxai approached the territory. [7] The legislation of Guam authorized the use of $250,000 for mitigation and expenses associated with civil defense, public safety, or health emergencies; it was anticipated that Faxai had the potential to strike the island with powerful winds and inflict devastating damage. [8] The United States Air Force's 36th Wing deployed its civil engineering squadron to secure Andersen Air Force Base. [9]
On December 22, a 69-year-old man drowned in Gun Beach, Guam from strong rip currents caused by swells from Faxai across the shoreline. He was given CPR before being transported to Guam Memorial Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Faxai recurved and headed more towards north, passing 571 km (355 mi) northeast of Guam on the afternoon of December 23, and later passed 290 km (180 mi) north-northeast of Saipan early on the following day. The storm passed east of Agrihan by only 72 km (45 mi). Despite the strong winds the island experienced, the ten residents of the island at the time all survived. The only damage occurred when a water well was flooded by saltwater, and was estimated to be $100,000. [5]
The 2007 Pacific typhoon season was a near average season which featured 24 named storms, fourteen typhoons, and five super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2007, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and November. The season's first named storm, Kong-rey, developed on March 30, while the season's last named storm, Mitag, dissipated on November 27. The season's first typhoon, Yutu, reached typhoon status on May 18, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
The 2004 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season that featured the second-highest ACE ever recorded in a single season, second only to 1997, which featured 29 named storms, nineteen typhoons, and six super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2004, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm and also the first typhoon, Sudal, developed on April 4, later was reached typhoon status two days later, and became the first super typhoon of the year three days later. The season's last named storm, Noru, dissipated on December 21.
The 2003 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average yearlong period of tropical cyclogenesis exhibiting the development of 45 tropical depressions, of which 21 became named storms; of those, 14 became typhoons. Though every month with the exception of February and March featured tropical activity, most storms developed from May through October. During the season, tropical cyclones affected the Philippines, Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, Indochina, and various islands in the western Pacific.
The 2002 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average Pacific typhoon season, producing twenty-six named storms, fifteen becoming typhoons, and eight super typhoons. It had an ACE over 400 units, making it one of the most active seasons worldwide. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2002, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Tapah, developed on January 11, while the season's last named storm, Pongsona, dissipated on December 11. The season's first typhoon, Mitag, reached typhoon status on March 1, and became the first super typhoon of the year four days later.
The 2001 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth and final consecutive year with below-average activity, mainly due to the presence of a strong La Niña that had persisted from 1998 to 2001. However, it was more active than the previous seasons, producing twenty-five named storms, sixteen typhoons and three super typhoons, with a near normal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 307.3 units. It ran year-round in 2001, with most tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean tending between May and November.
The 1988 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season in terms of named storms, though it only featured 11 typhoons and 1 super typhoon. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1988, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1987 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season, though it featured a relatively high amount of typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1987, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
Typhoon Pongsona was the last typhoon of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season, and was the second costliest United States disaster in 2002, only behind Hurricane Lili. The name "Pongsona" was contributed by North Korea for the Pacific tropical cyclone list and is the Korean name for the garden balsam. Pongsona developed out of an area of disturbed weather on December 2, and steadily intensified to reach typhoon status on December 5. On December 8 it passed through Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands while at peak intensity, with 10-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph). It ultimately turned to the northeast, weakened, and became extratropical on December 11.
Typhoon Isa was the first of a record eleven super typhoons to occur during the 1997 Pacific typhoon season. The second tropical cyclone of the season, Isa developed from a disturbance in the monsoon trough near the Caroline Islands on April 12. It moved erratically at first, though after attaining tropical storm status it curved westward due to the subtropical ridge to its north. Isa very gradually intensified, and on April 20 the typhoon reached peak 1-min winds of 270 km/h (170 mph), as reported by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Japan Meteorological Agency reported maximum 10-min winds of 155 km/h (95 mph). After turning northward, it accelerated to the northeast, and merged with a larger extratropical cyclone on April 24.
Typhoon Tingting was a destructive tropical cyclone that produced record-breaking rains in Guam. The eighth named storm of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season, Tingting originated from a tropical depression over the open waters of the western Pacific Ocean. The storm gradually intensified as it traveled northwest, becoming a typhoon on June 28 and reaching its peak the following day while passing through the Mariana Islands. After maintaining typhoon intensity for three days, a combination of dry air and cooler sea surface temperatures caused the storm to weaken as it traveled northward. On July 1, the storm passed by the Bonin Islands, off the coast of Japan, before moving out to sea. By July 4, Tinting had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants were last reported by the Japan Meteorological Agency, the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific basin, near the International Date Line on July 13.
Severe Tropical Storm Faxai, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Juaning, was a short-lived tropical storm that had minor effects on land. The twentieth named storm of the 2007 Pacific typhoon season, Faxai originated from a tropical depression over the open waters of the western Pacific Ocean in late October. The storm quickly strengthened, becoming a severe tropical storm on October 26 as it rapidly traveled toward the northeast. The storm became extratropical the following day as it brushed Japan. The remnants dissipated on October 28.
Typhoon Choi-wan was a powerful typhoon that became the first Category 5-equivalent super typhoon to form during the 2009 Pacific typhoon season. Forming on September 11, 2009, about 1,100 km (700 mi) to the east of Guam, the initial disturbance rapidly organized into a tropical depression. By September 12, the depression intensified into a tropical storm, at which time it was given the name Choi-wan. The following day, rapid intensification took place through September 14. Choi-wan attained its peak intensity on September 15, as it moved through the Northern Mariana Islands with the Japan Meteorological Agency reporting peak 10-minute sustained winds of 195 km/h (121 mph). Additionally, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center reported the storm to have attained 1-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph). The typhoon remained very powerful until September 17 when the storm's outflow weakened. The typhoon underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, leading to intensity fluctuations. By September 19, Choi-wan rapidly weakened as strong wind shear caused convection to diminish. The following day, the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and dissipated several hours later over open waters.
Typhoon Melor, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Quedan, was the second category 5 super typhoon in 2009. It interacted with Typhoon Parma in the first week of October southeast of Taiwan.
Typhoon Yuri was the most intense tropical cyclone in 1991 in terms of minimum central pressure. The nineteenth typhoon and final super typhoon of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season, Yuri was a tropical disturbance that strengthened into a tropical depression on November 22 in the Philippine Sea. Moving rather slowly at first, the system continued to intensify, and was given the name Yuri. It had become a severe tropical storm about 1,480 kilometers east of Truk Island and took on a west-northwestward track at 22 km/h. Typhoon intensity was attained that night when Yuri was 1,050 km. Yuri turned more to the west on 26 November and reached peak intensity the following morning packing winds of over 220 km/h near its centre. Moving northwestwards at 30 km/h, Yuri passed 140 km to the south-southwest of Guam on the evening of November 27. After recurving November 29, Yuri accelerated northeastwards on November 30 and weakened to a severe tropical storm that night. By the morning of December 1, it had degenerated into a tropical storm about a few hundred kilometers east-northeast of Iwo Jima. Extratropical transition was completed soon afterward, and the storm's remnants persisted until December 3.
Typhoon Halong, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Inday, passed just south of Guam one week after Typhoon Chataan struck the island and left heavy damage. The seventh named storm of the season, Halong developed near the same location as Chataan on July 5 near the Marshall Islands. For much of its duration, the storm moved toward the northwest, gradually intensifying. Early on July 10, Halong passed just south of Guam as a tropical storm, producing high waves and gusty winds on the island. The storm disrupted relief efforts from Chataan, causing additional power outages but little damage.
Typhoon Lupit, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Yoyoy, destroyed the food supply in several small islands in Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). It formed on November 18, 2003, from the monsoon trough to the west of the Marshall Islands. Early in its duration, it moved generally to the west or west-southwest. On November 21, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Lupit, the 21st storm named by the Japan Meteorological Agency of the 2003 Pacific typhoon season. Two days later, it strengthened into a typhoon and developed an eye. Lupit later began a prolonged movement to the northwest, during which it passed near several islands in Yap State. The typhoon reached peak intensity on November 26, with peak 10-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). It later weakened due to increasing wind shear and drier air, and after recurving to the northeast, Lupit became extratropical south of Japan on December 2.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
Typhoon Dolphin was a powerful tropical cyclone that produced the first typhoon-force winds on Guam since Typhoon Pongsona in 2002. The seventh named storm of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season, Dolphin formed on May 6 in the vicinity of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Moving eastward at first, the storm slowly organized before beginning a north and west-northwest trajectory. Dolphin intensified into a typhoon before passing between Guam and Rota on May 15, producing typhoon-force winds on both islands. It later rapidly intensified as it curved to the north. The American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated Dolphin as a super typhoon, while the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) estimated 10 minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). Dolphin turned to the northeast and weakened, becoming extratropical on May 20 and exiting the western Pacific basin on May 24.
Typhoon Songda, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nina, was the fifth-costliest typhoon on record. The 18th named storm of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season, Songda developed on August 26 near the Marshall Islands. Following a path that Typhoon Chaba took nine days prior, Songda moved west-northwestward and strengthened quickly amid favorable conditions.
Typhoon Faxai, known in Japan as Reiwa 1 Bōsō Peninsula Typhoon, was the first typhoon to strike the Kantō region since Mindulle in 2016, and the strongest typhoon to hit the region since Ma-on in 2004. It was also the worst to hit the region since Talas in 2011, until the region was hit by more destructive Typhoon Hagibis less than a month later. Forming as the fifteenth named storm of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, the precursor to Faxai was first noted as a weak tropical depression to the east of the International Dateline on August 29. The depression then entered the West Pacific basin on August 30. After moving in a general westward direction, the system strengthened into a named tropical storm by September 5. Faxai then strengthened into the sixth typhoon of the season the next day. Two days later, Faxai reached its peak strength as a Category 4 typhoon just before making landfall in mainland Japan. Turning northeastward, Faxai rapidly weakened and became extratropical on September 10.