Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | September 20,2018 |
Extratropical | October 1,2018 |
Dissipated | October 8,2018 |
Violent typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 195 km/h (120 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 915 hPa (mbar);27.02 inHg |
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 260 km/h (160 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 914 hPa (mbar);26.99 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 4 total |
Damage | $2.69 billion |
Areas affected | Mariana Islands,Taiwan,Japan,Russian Far East,Alaska |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Trami,known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Paeng,was the second typhoon to affect Japan within a month. The twenty-fourth tropical storm and tenth typhoon of the annual typhoon season,Trami developed from a low-pressure area southeast of Guam on September 20. It intensified into a tropical storm on the next day and intensified into a typhoon on September 22. Trami steadily intensified and reached its peak intensity late on September 24. On the following day,Trami slowed and drifted northward. It began to weaken due to upwelling. Trami accelerated and turned northeastward on September 29,before it struck Japan on the next day,and became extratropical on October 1. The extratropical remnants persisted for days until dissipated completely on October 8.
Trami caused additional damage to Japan,while it was still recovering from the impacts of Typhoon Jebi. Transportation was disrupted with several domestic flights cancelled. Over 380,000 people were evacuated. In total,Trami killed 4 people and left hundreds injured. Insurance losses were estimated to be ¥306 billion (2018 JPY,$2.69 billion USD).
On September 20, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) began to track a tropical depression located to the southeast of Guam. [1] Moving northwestward, the depression gained some organization, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA), [2] and classified the system as a tropical depression later that day, giving the numeral designation 28W. [3] The JMA started issuing advisories once the system attained winds of 55 km/h (30 mph). [4] The JTWC upgraded 28W to a tropical storm on September 21, as it became better organized. [5] The JMA followed suit later that day, assigning the international name Trami. [6]
The system moved west-northwestward on September 22, under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north. Benefited from the favourable condition such as high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of 28 °C (82 °F) and low wind shear, Trami gradually intensified, attaining severe tropical storm on the morning, [7] and became the tenth typhoon of the annual typhoon season later that day. [8] The JTWC followed suit three hours later. [9] Continued moving west-northwestward, Trami kept on intensifying thanks to favorable environmental condition. It developed a pinhole eye on that day and entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, receiving the name "Paeng" from PAGASA. [10] However, Trami soon entered a period of eyewall replacement cycle. Trami completed this cycle early on September 24 and resumed its intensification, with its eye became larger. [11] According to JMA, the storm achieved its peak intensity at 18:00 UTC that day, with 10-minute maximum sustained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph), and a central pressure of 915 hPa (mbar; 27.02 inHg). The JTWC said that Trami has become a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon three hours later, with 1-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph). [12]
Soon afterwards, Trami lost its steering current and slowed as it is situated between two subtropical high pressure, [13] an area called the pressure field of the saddle type. [14] The typhoon's persistence over the same location for several days resulted in tremendous upwelling of cooler waters, with sea surface temperatures dropping from 28 to 21 °C (82 to 70 °F). [15] The combined effect of cooler water and dry air resulted in significant weakening, and Trami dropping below super typhoon status late on September 25. [16] However, the previously small eye of Trami expanded dramatically. [17] On September 28, the subtropical ridge over the Pacific Ocean slightly intensified, and Trami accelerated to the northwest. [18] Trami turned to the northeast along a westerlies on September 29, [19] and passed just west of the Okinawa Island. [20] The typhoon made landfall near Tanabe, Wakayama at 8:00 p.m. JST on September 30 (11:00 UTC), with winds of 150 km/h (90 mph). [21] After Trami impacted Honshu, it completely transitioned into a hurricane-force extratropical cyclone and impacted the Kuril Islands, before weakening into a storm-force system. From October 3 to 8, Trami's remnants made a large counterclockwise loop over the Bering Sea, while gradually weakening, before moving back south of the Aleutian Islands. Trami's extratropical remnants were last tracked in the Bering Sea on October 8, near the Aleutian Islands.
On September 28, the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) issued the heavy rain and extremely heavy rain alert to 7 cities and counties of Taiwan, warned that the rainfall in 24 hours will reach 200 mm (7.9 in) in those alerted area. [22] The CWB also warned that the coastal and open areas may be affected by winds of Beaufort scale 9–11. [23] Although Taiwan avoided a direct hit from Trami, large waves still affected the northern Taiwan. Wave heights at 4 m (13 ft) were recorded, and 4 people were injured by the large surf. [24]
Trami made its closest approach to Okinawa Island in the afternoon of September 29, passing just 30 km (19 mi) west of the Naha Airport. [20] Wind gusts reached 50.8 m/s (183 km/h) in Naha, Okinawa. [25] 50 people were injured, and about 600 people were evacuated to the shelters. [26] 30 cities and towns in Okinawa were suffering power outage. [27] Almost 200 flights to the prefecture were cancelled. [28] A guanyin statue in Ryukyu Golden Palace collapsed, estimated loss of about ¥100 million (US$880,000). [29]
Trami brought strong winds and waves to Japan. The typhoon broke the historical records of 10-minute maximum sustained winds at 30 weather stations and the maximum gust at 55 weather stations in Japan, mostly on September 30. In mainland Japan, the maximum gust from Trami were recorded at Hachioji, Tokyo, of 45.6 metres per second (164 km/h), which broke the record set in 2011. Trami also produced storm surge of 11.71 m (38.4 ft) at Cape Irōzaki. [30] More than 1,000 flights in Japan were cancelled, including 45 from Hong Kong. [31] At least 4 deaths and more than 200 injuries were reported across the country. [26] Insurance loss were estimated to be ¥306.1 billion (US$2.69 billion). [32]
The 2018 Pacific typhoon season was at the time, the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, until the record was beaten by the following year. The season was well above-average, producing 29 storms, 13 typhoons, and 7 super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2018, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Bolaven, developed on January 3, while the season's last named storm, Man-yi, dissipated on November 28. The season's first typhoon, Jelawat, reached typhoon status on March 29, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
Typhoon Abby, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Diding, was the second typhoon to strike Japan within a span of a few days in August 1983. First noted southeast of Guam on July 31, development of this system was initially slow to occur; it was first classified on August 5, and was upgraded into a tropical storm the next day. Intensification was rapid as Abby slowly recurved northward on August 7 and 8. After reaching peak intensity with winds of 140 mph (225 km/h) early on August 9, Abby slowly weakened, though the storm briefly re-intensified on August 11. By August 14, winds had diminished to 100 mph (160 km/h). Abby finally weakened back into a tropical storm on August 17 not long after making landfall in Japan. The following day, Abby completed the transition to an extratropical cyclone after moving through central Japan. However, meteorologists continued monitoring the storm for six more days.
Typhoon Neoguri, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Florita, was a large and powerful tropical cyclone which struck Japan in 2014. The eighth named storm and the second typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Neoguri developed into a tropical storm on July 3 and then a typhoon on July 4. It rapidly deepened on July 5, reaching peak intensity late on July 6. Neoguri began to decay on July 7 and passed through Okinawa on July 8 and then making landfall over Kyushu as a severe tropical storm late on July 9. After Neoguri passed through the southern coast of Honshū on July 10, it became extratropical on July 11.
Typhoon Phanfone, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Neneng, was a powerful tropical cyclone which affected Japan in early October 2014. It was the eighteenth named storm and the eighth typhoon of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season.
Typhoon Vongfong, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ompong, was the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2014, and struck Japan as a large tropical system. It also indirectly affected the Philippines and Taiwan. Vongfong was the nineteenth named storm and the ninth typhoon of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. Estimates assess damage from Vongfong to have been over US$160 million, mainly for striking mainland Japan. At least 9 people were killed along the path of the typhoon in those countries.
Typhoon Dujuan, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Jenny, was the second most intense tropical cyclone of the Northwest Pacific Ocean in 2015 in terms of ten-minute maximum sustained winds, tied with Noul. The twenty-first named storm and the thirteenth typhoon of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season, Dujuan brought extremely powerful winds throughout the Yaeyama Islands and Taiwan in late September, causing 3 deaths in Taiwan. The typhoon also caused over ¥2.5 billion (US$392.9 million) damage in East China.
Typhoon Malakas, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Gener, was a powerful tropical cyclone which affected Taiwan and Japan in mid September 2016. It was the sixteenth named storm and the sixth typhoon of the annual typhoon season in 2016.
Typhoon Megi, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Helen, was a large and powerful tropical cyclone which affected Taiwan and eastern China in late September 2016. It is the seventeenth named storm and the seventh typhoon of the annual typhoon season.
Typhoon Noru was the second-longest-lasting tropical cyclone of the Northwest Pacific Ocean on record—behind only 1986's Wayne and tied with 1972's Rita—and the second-most-intense tropical cyclone of the basin in 2017, tied with Talim. Forming as the fifth named storm of the annual typhoon season on July 20, Noru further intensified into the first typhoon of the year on July 23. However, Noru began to interact with nearby Tropical Storm Kulap on July 24, executing a counterclockwise loop southeast of Japan. Weakening to a severe tropical storm on July 28, Noru began to restrengthen as it turned sharply to the west on July 30. Amid favorable conditions, Noru rapidly intensified into the season's first super typhoon, and reached peak intensity with annular characteristics on July 31. In early August, Noru underwent a gradual weakening trend while curving northwestwards and then northwards. After stalling off the Satsunan Islands weakening to a severe tropical storm again on August 5, the system began to accelerate northeastwards towards the Kansai region of Japan, making landfall in Wakayama Prefecture on August 7. Noru became extratropical over the Sea of Japan on August 8, and dissipated one day later.
Typhoon Nesat, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Gorio, was a strong tropical cyclone that impacted Taiwan and Fujian, China. It was the ninth named storm and the second typhoon of the annual typhoon season. After consolidating slowly for several days, Tropical Storm Nesat developed east of the Philippines on July 25. While experiencing favorable environmental conditions such as very warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear, Nesat strengthened into a typhoon and reached its peak intensity on July 28. On July 29, the typhoon made landfall near the Taiwanese city of Yilan, before weakening to a severe tropical storm and making landfall again near Fuqing on China's east coast late the same day. Moving into July 30, Nesat continued to weaken under the effects of land interaction.
Typhoon Jongdari was a strong, long-lived and erratic tropical cyclone that impacted Japan and East China in late July and early August 2018. Formed as the twelfth named storm of the 2018 typhoon season near Okinotorishima on July 24, Jongdari gradually intensified and developed into the fourth typhoon of the year on July 26. Influenced by an upper-level low and a subtropical ridge, Jongdari executed a rare counter-clockwise southeast of Japan on the next day. At that time, it also reached peak intensity. The typhoon made landfall in Kii Peninsula, over Mie Prefecture of Japan locally early on July 29.
Typhoon Jebi, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Maymay, was the costliest typhoon in Japan's history in terms of insured losses. Jebi formed from a tropical disturbance south-southwest of Wake Island on August 26 and became the twenty-first named storm of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season on August 27. Amid favorable environmental conditions, Jebi quickly strengthened into a typhoon on August 29 as it headed west and rapidly intensified as it passed the Northern Mariana Islands on August 30. Jebi reached its peak intensity as a Category 5-equivalent typhoon on August 31, with 10-minute sustained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph), 1-minute sustained winds of 285 km/h (180 mph), and a minimum pressure of 915 hPa. Afterwards, Jebi began a slow weakening trend as it turned northwest, briefly passing through the Philippine Area of Responsibility on September 2. Jebi accelerated north-northeast towards Japan on September 3 as it interacted with the westerlies, and made landfalls over Shikoku and near Kobe early on September 4. Jebi quickly weakened over land and became an extratropical cyclone later that day over the Sea of Japan. Its remnants moved over the Russian Far East before dissipating on September 9.
Typhoon Kong-rey, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Queenie, was a large and powerful typhoon that was tied with Typhoon Yutu as the most powerful tropical cyclone worldwide in 2018. The twenty-fifth tropical storm, eleventh typhoon and 6th super typhoon of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season, Kong-rey originated from a tropical disturbance in the open Pacific. For a couple days, it went westward, organizing into a tropical depression on September 27. Then it intensified into a powerful Category 5 super typhoon early on October 2. Kong-rey underwent an eyewall replacement cycle after its peak intensity, causing it to weaken into a Category 3 typhoon under unfavorable conditions. Kong-rey then struck South Korea on October 6 as a tropical storm. Kong-rey transitioned into an extratropical cyclone later that day while impacting Japan.
Typhoon Lekima, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Hanna, was the third costliest typhoon in Chinese history. The ninth named storm of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, Lekima originated from a tropical depression that formed east of the Philippines on 30 July. It gradually organized, became a tropical storm, and was named on 4 August. Lekima intensified under favorable environmental conditions and peaked as a Category 4–equivalent Super typhoon. However, an eyewall replacement cycle caused the typhoon to weaken before it made landfall in Zhejiang early on 10 August, as a Category 2–equivalent typhoon. Lekima weakened subsequently while moving across Eastern China, and made its second landfall in Shandong on 11 August.
Severe Tropical Storm Ampil, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Inday, was a tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage in the Ryukyu Islands and East and Northeast China in late July 2018. The tenth named storm of the annual typhoon season, Ampil developed into a tropical depression east of Luzon on July 17. The system gradually strengthened over the following days amid a marginally favorable environment and became a severe tropical storm late on July 19 as it moved northwest. Maintaining its strength, Ampil passed over Okinawa Island from July 20 to 21. Thereafter, Ampil weakened slightly while crossing the East China Sea, before making landfall in Shanghai, China, on July 22. The system weakened slowly over land and degraded to a tropical depression on July 23. The system turned eastwards as it continued weakening over land, diminishing to a remnant low on July 25 and dissipating fully a day later over the Russian Far East.
Typhoon Maysak, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Julian, was a deadly, damaging and powerful tropical cyclone that struck the Ryukyu Islands and the Korean Peninsula in September 2020. The third typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, Maysak formed from a tropical disturbance. The disturbance gradually organized, receiving the name Julian from PAGASA as it became a tropical depression. As the depression strengthened, the JMA subsequently named the system Maysak. Maysak rapidly intensified into a strong typhoon before weakening and making landfall in South Korea.
Typhoon Tapah, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nimfa was a Category 1 equivalent typhoon that caused damages in Japan and South Korea. The seventeenth named storm and the seventh typhoon of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, Tapah formed on September 17 from the remnants of Tropical Depression Marilyn.
Typhoon Prapiroon, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Florita, was a Category 1 typhoon that worsened the floods in Japan and also caused impacts in neighboring South Korea. The storm formed from an area of low pressure near the Philippines, and strengthened to a typhoon before entering the Sea of Japan. Prapiroon was the seventh named tropical cyclone and the first typhoon of the annual annual typhoon season. While Florita was the sixth named tropical cyclone by PAGASA.
Severe Tropical Storm Maliksi, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Domeng, was a tropical cyclone in June 2018 that brought rainfall to the Philippines and Japan. It caused 2 deaths and prompted the PAGASA to declare the beginning of the rainy season in the Philippines. The fifth named storm and 4th tropical cyclone in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), it was first noted as an area of convection in the South of Palau on May 31.
Severe Tropical Storm Kompasu, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Maring was a very large and deadly tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines, Taiwan, and southeast China. Part of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, Kompasu originated from an area of low pressure east of the Philippines on 6 October 2021. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified it as a tropical depression that day. A day later, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) classified it as a tropical depression, naming it Maring. The cyclone was initially heavily disorganised, competing with another vortex, Tropical Depression Nando. Eventually, Maring became dominant, and the JMA reclassified it as a tropical storm, naming it Kompasu. Kompasu made landfall in Cagayan, Philippines, on 11 October 2021, and two days later, the storm made landfall in Hainan, China. The cyclone dissipated on 14 October 2021 while located over Vietnam.