Typhoons in Taiwan

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Typhoon tracks going to Taiwan. Tracks of remarkable typhoons in Taiwan from 1897 to 1913.jpg
Typhoon tracks going to Taiwan.

Taiwan is one of the most typhoon-prone countries in Southeast Asia, just near the Philippines.[ citation needed ] Multiple typhoons enter Taiwan every year, out of tens of typhoons in the West Pacific. Typhoons regularly enter east of the country, making its way to the western side, if no obstructions are found.

Contents

Typhoon Morakot [lower-alpha 1] is the deadliest typhoon to affect Taiwan, with a category 1 categorization. The typhoon caused an estimated amount of 650 fatalities,[ contradictory ] with 6.2 billion dollars in damage. [lower-alpha 2] [1] Another strong typhoon which affected Taiwan is Typhoon Gaemi in 2024, which was the strongest typhoon to hit the island in eight years. [lower-alpha 3] [2]

History

Pre-1900s

Georgle Leslie Mackay at Taiwan. George Leslie Mackay and his disciples at the Oxford College.jpg
Georgle Leslie Mackay at Taiwan.

A Chinese word, Tai, (meaning Typhoon), appeared in multiple books originating from Taiwan.[ failed verification ] Weather observatories were later introduced in Taiwan from the late 1890s, during the colonial era of the Japanese armed forces. The 1897 Pacific typhoon season was the first season that the Taiwanese government recorded. In a diary written by George Leslie Mackay, there were observations of 19 typhoons between 1871 and 1894. There were also 15 recorded typhoons in a historical dataset not mentioned by Mackay. [3]

World War era (1900-1950)

After the 1900s, weather observatories were deemed as an official part of the Governor-General's office. The Best Track data system was also introduced in 1944. Typhoon tracking was also heavily improved after the world wars, with multiple added features. [3]

1950s

Multiple records were compiled, including a 100-year compilation from 1897 to 1998. [3]

Area

Taiwan lies in PAGASA's Philippine Area of Responsibility, meaning that a typhoon entering Taiwan will also enter PAGASA's responsibility, automatically giving the typhoon a local name and monitoring and issuing warnings. [4]

Typhoons

Pre-1900s

A major typhoon, which was the first major recorded typhoon to affect Taiwan, named Typhoon No. 1, was recorded, with the final result appearing in the Governor-General's office. Multiple bridges were broken, with the first operating railway in Taiwan getting destroyed. [3]

1900s

1940s

Track of Typhoon Ursula. Ursula 1945 track.png
Track of Typhoon Ursula.

In September 1945, Typhoon Ursula directly hit Taiwan, killing 120 army soldiers, and killing another 20 in the ground. [5] A year later, in 1946, Typhoon Querida rounded over Southern Taiwan, killing 154 and damaged 373,000 homes. [6]

2000s

2010s

In July 2018, Typhoon Maria affected the northern portion of Taiwan. As it passed north, heavy rain and gusty winds marked the temporary closure of schools and workplaces. [7] The typhoon also caused 59,485 households to lose power. [8]

Typhoon Gaemi slowly drifting to Taiwan. 2024 CIMSS 05W Gaemi visible infrared satellite loop.gif
Typhoon Gaemi slowly drifting to Taiwan.

In August 2019, Typhoon Lekima impacted Taiwan, [lower-alpha 4] killing two people and leading 80,000 households to have power outages. [9] [ contradictory ] The typhoon was also accompanied with a Magnitude 6.0 earthquake. [10] In September, Typhoon Mitag indirectly impacted Taiwan. A warning was created, [11] and the government ordered closure of financial markets and schools among warnings of high winds and floods. [12]

2020s

In May 2021, Tropical Storm Choi-wan impacted the eastern side of Taiwan, creating warnings. [13] Roads were flooded, [14] while multiple districts recorded heavy rains. [15] In August, Tropical Storm Lupit impacted Taiwan, multiple warnings were created, [16] with 501 individuals being trapped after a bridge collapse. [17] 4 people were later pronounced dead, [18] and one person was missing. [19] In September, Super-typhoon Typhoon Chanthu impacted the eastern side of Taiwan, making 26,000 homes lose power and adding heavy rainfall to Taiwan, bringing waves a size of 7 metres (23 ft). [20]

In July 2023, Typhoon Doksuri drifted to Southern Taiwan, raising warnings in various places. [21] 278,000 homes later lost power, [22] with one woman dying in Taiwan. [23] In August, Typhoon Haikui directly hit Taiwan, with 8,000 people evacuating. [24] 217,000 houses lost electricity with the typhoon, with multiple floods, and rainfall. [25] In September, Typhoon Koinu passed Taiwan, with classes dismissed, flights cancelled, and record-breaking winds. [26] [27] Two major roads were blocked, [28] with 10.72 million dollars of agricultural damage. [29]

In 2024, a category-4 typhoon named Gaemi, directly hit Taiwan. Hundreds of flights were cancelled, [30] with 8,000 people fleeing to evacuation centers. [31] A total of 10 people was killed, with a ship capsizing, naming it the deadliest typhoon to ever hit Taiwan in eight years. [32] [33]

Deadliest cyclones

RankStormDateDeathsReference
1 Typhoon Morakot August 2009789 [1]
2 Typhoon Krathon September ~ October 2024561
3 Typhoon Doksuri July 2023137 [23]
4 Typhoon Gaemi July 2024126 [2]
5 Typhoon Lekima August 2019105[ contradictory ] [9]
6 Typhoon Thelma (1977) July 197728 [34]
7 Typhoon Mitag September 201922 [12]
Typhoon Morakot, the deadliest typhoon to ever affect Taiwan. Typhoon Morakot Aug 7 2009.jpg
Typhoon Morakot, the deadliest typhoon to ever affect Taiwan.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Known in the Philippines as Typhoon Kiko
  2. ↑ 2009 USD
  3. ↑ Mostly because Taiwan was presented at the eye of the storm.
  4. ↑ Indirectly

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Sinlaku (2008)</span> Pacific typhoon in 2008

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Hagupit (2008)</span> Pacific typhoon in 2008

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 2012 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced 25 named storms, fourteen typhoons, and four intense typhoons. It was a destructive and the second consecutive year to be the deadliest season, primarily due to Typhoon Bopha which killed 1,901 people in the Philippines. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2012, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Pakhar, developed on March 28, while the season's last named storm, Wukong, dissipated on December 29. The season's first typhoon, Guchol, reached typhoon status on June 15, and became the first super typhoon of the year on June 17.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 2017 Pacific typhoon season was a below-average season in terms of accumulated cyclone energy and the number of typhoons and super typhoons, and the first since the 1977 season to not produce a Category 5-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The season produced a total of 27 named storms, 11 typhoons, and only two super typhoons, making it an average season in terms of storm numbers. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season runs throughout 2017, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Muifa, developed on April 25, while the season's last named storm, Tembin, dissipated on December 26. This season also featured the latest occurrence of the first typhoon of the year since 1998, with Noru reaching this intensity on July 23.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 2018 Pacific typhoon season was at the time, the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, until the record was beaten by the following year. The season was well above-average, producing twenty-nine storms, thirteen typhoons, seven super typhoons and six Category 5 tropical cyclones. The season ran throughout 2018, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Bolaven, developed on January 3, while the season's last named storm, Man-yi, dissipated on November 28. The season's first typhoon, Jelawat, reached typhoon status on March 29, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Trami (2013)</span> Pacific severe tropical storm in 2013

Severe Tropical Storm Trami, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Maring, was a tropical cyclone that brought heavy rains to Taiwan and East China during mid-August 2013. Trami also made a fujiwhara interaction with Tropical Depression 13W north of it. The storm also enhanced the southwest monsoon causing more than 20 casualties in the Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Fung-wong (2014)</span> Pacific tropical storm in 2014

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Nepartak</span> Pacific typhoon in 2016

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Megi (2016)</span> Pacific typhoon in 2016

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Haikui</span> Pacific tropical storm in 2017

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Pacific typhoon season</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical cyclones in 2023</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Doksuri</span> Pacific typhoon in 2023

Typhoon Doksuri, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Egay, was a powerful and highly destructive tropical cyclone which became the costliest typhoon to hit China, and the costliest typhoon on record, breaking the previous record of Typhoon Mireille in 1991. Doksuri was also the strongest typhoon to impact Fujian since Typhoon Meranti in 2016, and the most powerful typhoon to strike the province since records began in 1950. Aside from China, Doksuri also caused extensive damage in the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam, in late July 2023. The name Doksuri means eagle in Korean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Saola (2023)</span> Pacific typhoon in 2023

Typhoon Saola, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Goring, was a powerful and erratic tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines, southern Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and South China. The name Saola, is in reference to a rare animal found in Vietnam. The ninth named storm, seventh typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 2023 typhoon season, Saola originated from an area of convection east of Taiwan and headed southwestwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Koinu</span> Pacific typhoon in 2023

Typhoon Koinu, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Jenny, was a strong and damaging tropical cyclone that made landfall on the southern tip of Taiwan and affected Hong Kong. Koinu, a replacement name for Tembin which means puppy or Canis Minor in Japanese, was the fourteenth named storm and ninth typhoon of the 2023 Pacific typhoon season. Koinu originated from an area of low pressure near Guam that generally moved westward into the Philippine Sea, where it was upgraded into a depression.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Gaemi</span> Pacific typhoon in 2024

Typhoon Gaemi, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Carina, was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone which impacted East China, Taiwan, and the Philippines in late July 2024. Gaemi, which means ant in Korean, the third named storm and second typhoon of the annual typhoon season, formed as a tropical depression east of Palau on July 19. Owing to favorable environmental conditions, the typhoon intensified and reached its peak with ten-minute maximum sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph), and a central atmospheric pressure of 935 hPa (27.61 inHg). With one-minute sustained winds at 230 km/h (145 mph), Gaemi was classified as a Category 4-equivalent typhoon. The storm then turned north-northwestward, along the western periphery of a subtropical ridge. After stalling and executing a tight counter-clockwise loop near the coast, Gaemi slightly weakened due to land interaction before making landfall on the northeastern coast of Taiwan on July 24. It emerged over the Taiwan Strait just six hours after landfall. Gaemi made landfall in China as a minimal tropical storm in the Xiuyu District of Putian in Fujian Province. Once inland, the system weakened to a tropical depression by July 26 and continued tracking the system until it dissipated on July 29.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Krathon</span> Pacific typhoon in 2024

Typhoon Krathon, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Julian, was a powerful and erratic tropical cyclone which impacted Taiwan and the Philippines in late September and early October 2024. Krathon, which refers to the santol fruit, was the first storm to make landfall on Taiwan's densely populated western plains since Typhoon Thelma in 1977. It was also the first storm to hit Kaohsiung in October and the first since Tropical Storm Trami in 2001 to weaken into a tropical depression over Taiwan. Additionally, it was the wettest tropical cyclone in Basco, Batanes, bringing more than two months' worth of rainfall for September and surpassing the previous record set by Typhoon Ruth in 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Kong-rey (2024)</span> Pacific typhoon

Typhoon Kong-rey, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Leon, was a powerful tropical cyclone that impacted Taiwan and the Philippines before later affecting East China, South Korea, and Japan in late October and early November 2024. Kong-rey was the first typhoon in Taiwan's history to make landfall after mid-October and the largest storm to strike since Typhoon Herb in 1996. Additionally, it was the second tropical cyclone in a series to impact the northern Philippines, following Tropical Storm Trami a few days earlier.

References

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