Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | September 28, 2023 |
Dissipated | October 9, 2023 |
Very strong typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 165 km/h (105 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 940 hPa (mbar);27.76 inHg |
Category 4-equivalent typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 220 km/h (140 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 940 hPa (mbar);27.76 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 1 |
Injuries | 399 |
Missing | None |
Damage | $18 million (2023 USD) |
Areas affected |
|
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2023 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Koinu,known in the Philippines as Typhoon Jenny,was a strong and damaging tropical cyclone that made landfall on the southern tip of Taiwan and affected Hong Kong. Koinu,a replacement name for Tembin which means puppy or Canis Minor in Japanese,was the fourteenth named storm and ninth typhoon of the 2023 Pacific typhoon season. Koinu originated from an area of low pressure near Guam that generally moved westward into the Philippine Sea,where it was upgraded into a depression.
Koinu later underwent rapid intensification and became a Category 3-equivalent typhoon. The storm then weakened before intensifying to attain its peak intensity as a category 4-equivalent typhoon. Koinu passed close by Lanyu then made landfall over Hengchun,Taiwan.
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On September 27, a low-pressure area formed near Guam, with the JTWC indicating the potential development of a tropical cyclone. It moved westward into the Philippine Sea until it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, where it was later upgraded into a tropical depression and gained the name Jenny by the PAGASA. [1] A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert was then issued for Jenny as it began to show signs of further organization. Hours later, JTWC gave its identifier 14W at 13:00 UTC (21:00 PHT). On September 28, JMA upgraded 14W into a tropical storm and attained the name Koinu, which replaced the name Tembin. PAGASA later followed suit at their 5 AM PHT bulletin, also upgrading Jenny into a tropical storm; JTWC followed thereafter.
Koinu moved west northwestward in the Philippine Sea whilst having its low-level circulation exposed due to wind shear. Koinu then later organized further, and by the next day, the JMA upgraded Koinu into a severe tropical storm. As usual, the PAGASA followed suit a few hours later. Koinu later gradually intensified into a Category 1 typhoon by the JTWC. The other agencies also followed suit in upgrading Koinu into a typhoon as an eye began to form. Koinu then began a period of rapid intensification by the evening of October 1 into the early morning hours, intensifying to become a Category 3 typhoon whilst it developed a clear eye as it moved east of Cagayan before weakening slightly. Koinu weakened to Category 2 strength yet rebounded its intensity and reached Category 4 whilst nearing Taiwan and moving west northwestward. Koinu passed dangerously close to Lanyu, and making its first landfall on mainland Hengchun, Taiwan, later weakening into a Category 3 storm as it did so. [2] Koinu then weakened into a Category 1 after slamming into Taiwan and later exited the PAR into the South China Sea. [3] Contrary to forecasts, Koinu unexpectedly restrengthened back into a Category 2, reforming a clear visible eye surrounded by a powerful eyewall. Koinu further intensified, regaining Category 3 status east of Guangdong.
After re-intensifying, Koinu weakened again for the last time, as it started to move west-northwestward. Dry air intrusion and land interaction continued to weaken the system into a tropical storm on October 9. Afterwards, it weakened to a tropical depression before reaching the Leizhou Peninsula into the Gulf of Tonkin. Both agencies ceased their advisories as Koinu weakened into a remnant low on October 10.
As Typhoon Koinu (known as Jenny in the Philippines) approached the Northern Philippines including Extreme Northern Luzon, the PAGASA began issuing warnings for parts of Northern Luzon, and a few days later, Signal #3 was raised on Itbayat, Batanes as the typhoon brought showers and gusty winds to the islands. [4]
As Jenny moved further away and weakened, the rains and winds started to subside, however, locals were still warned that the storm may still trigger moderate to rough seas in the areas affected. [5]
Taiwanese authorities issued weather warnings in preparation of strong gusts and heavy rain hitting the island's southeast. According to news sources, flights were canceled, schools and businesses were closed, and fishermen secured their boats. While the storm is likely to bring the most rain to hilly and sparsely inhabited areas, it will also affect the large port city of Kaohsiung. [6] [7]
As Koinu made landfall, it brought record-breaking winds and rains. A weather station on Orchid Island recorded gusts of winds of 198.7 kilometres per hour (123.5 mph) at 9:40 p.m. and gusts of 342.7 kilometres per hour (212.9 mph) 13 minutes later, both representing record-highs since record-keeping began in 1897. [8] Many trees fell down on roads and damaged infrastructure. A landslide occurred on Provincial Highway No. 9 in Pingtung County forcing vehicles to drive on the same lane, while 2 roads in Taitung County, Provincial Highway 20 in Haiduan Township and Provincial Highway 23 in Donghe Township were blocked. [9]
Agricultural losses in Taiwan were about NT$344.56 million (US$10.72 million), according to the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA). The five administrative areas that sustained the greatest losses were Yunlin, Changhua, Taichung, Chiayi, and Tainan. Around 9,762 hectares of crops were damaged. Peanuts were the crop that sustained the largest losses, while chickens and pigs were the largest livestock and poultry losses. [10]
As Typhoon Koinu neared Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) issued Increasing Storm Signal No. 9 at 19:00 (HKT) and weather warnings in preparations for heavy rainfall and strong winds ahead of the storm. The agency then considered if they would hoist their second Hurricane Signal No. 10 since Typhoon Saola if the storm passed further closely to Hong Kong. [11]
However, as Koinu moved away from Hong Kong and started weakening, the HKO did not need to issue the highest wind signal. The Increasing Storm Signal No. 9 was kept in force for 4 hours before lowered it down to Southwest Gale or Storm Signal No. 8. [12]
The 2005 Pacific typhoon season was the least active typhoon season since 2000, producing 23 named storms, of which 13 became typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2005, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Kulap, developed on January 13, while the season's last named storm, Bolaven, dissipated on November 20. The season's first typhoon, Haitang, reached typhoon status on July 13, and became the first super typhoon of the year three days later.
The 2006 Pacific typhoon season was a near-average season which produced a total of 23 named storms, 15 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2006, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Chanchu, developed on May 9, while the season's last named storm, Trami, dissipated on December 20.
The 2007 Pacific typhoon season was a near average season which featured 24 named storms, fourteen typhoons, and five super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2007, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and November. The season's first named storm, Kong-rey, developed on March 30, while the season's last named storm, Mitag, dissipated on November 27. The season's first typhoon, Yutu, reached typhoon status on May 18, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
The 2003 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average yearlong period of tropical cyclogenesis exhibiting the development of 45 tropical depressions, of which 21 became named storms; of those, 14 became typhoons. Though every month with the exception of February and March featured tropical activity, most storms developed from May through October. During the season, tropical cyclones affected the Philippines, Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, Indochina, and various islands in the western Pacific.
The 2001 Pacific typhoon season was an average season with twenty-six named storms, sixteen typhoons and three super typhoons, with a near normal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 307.3 units. It ran year-round in 2001, with most tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean tending between May and November.
The 2000 Pacific typhoon season marked the first year using names contributed by the World Meteorological Organization. It was a rather below-average season, producing a total of 23 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and 4 intense typhoons. The season ran throughout 2000, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Damrey, developed on May 7, while the season's last named storm, Soulik, dissipated on January 4 of the next year.
The 1980 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly-below average season when compared to the long-term average, though it featured several intense storms. It ran year-round in 1980, but most tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 24 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Beginning in March, tropical cyclones formed in each subsequent month through December. Of the 24 named storms, 15 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 2 reached super typhoon strength.
The 1979 Pacific typhoon season featured the largest and most intense tropical cyclone recorded globally, Typhoon Tip. The season also used both male and female names as tropical cyclone names for the first time. Additionally, the season was slightly below-average in terms of tropical cyclone activity, with only 24 storms, 12 typhoons, and 4 super typhoons developing. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1979, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1978 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season that produced 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and one intense typhoon. It ran year-round in 1978, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 2008 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season which featured 22 named storms, eleven typhoons, and two super typhoons. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 2008, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 2010 Pacific typhoon season, with 14 named storms, was the least active Pacific typhoon season on record. Seven of them strengthened into typhoons while one reached super typhoon intensity. All of the 14 named storms developed west of 150°E.
The 2019 Pacific typhoon season was the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, just ahead of the previous year and 2023. The season featured fairly above-average tropical cyclone activity for the second consecutive year, producing 29 named storms, 17 typhoons, and five super typhoons. The season's first named storm, Pabuk, reached tropical storm status on January 1, becoming the earliest-forming tropical storm of the western Pacific Ocean on record, breaking the previous record that was held by Typhoon Alice in 1979. The season's first typhoon, Wutip, reached typhoon status on February 20. Wutip further intensified into a super typhoon on February 23, becoming the strongest February typhoon on record, and the strongest tropical cyclone recorded in February in the Northern Hemisphere. The season's last named storm, Phanfone, dissipated on December 29 after it made landfall in the Philippines.
Typhoon Kujira, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Amang, was a long-lived tropical cyclone that lasted for 16 days and affected the island nations of Micronesia, Taiwan, and Japan in April 2003, as well as the earliest typhoon in a calendar year to ever make landfall on the latter. Forming from a broad area of disturbed weather as a tropical depression on April 9 well removed from any landmasses, Kujira quickly intensified in its early stages, and was upgraded to a tropical storm just two days after cyclogenesis. Strengthening slowed afterwards, though the storm attained typhoon intensity on April 14. Intensification continued and late on April 15, Kujira reached its peak intensity with winds of 165 km/h (103 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 930 mbar. Following peak intensity, Kujira began to track northwest and oscillate in strength, cresting an additional two times in intensity. On April 21, the typhoon was downgraded to tropical storm intensity and began to track erratically for several days east of Taiwan. However, on April 24, Kujira resumed a northward track and begin to weaken, and on April 24 was downgraded to tropical depression strength as it made landfall on Kyushu. Following landfall Kujira transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and continued to persist before these extratropical remnants crossed the International Dateline towards the end of April 2003.
Typhoon Tembin, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Igme, was an intense tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific Ocean that had an unusual trajectory, approaching Taiwan twice. Tembin, which means balancing scale or Libra in Japanese, was the eighth typhoon and the fourteenth named storm of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season. After making landfall over the southern tip of Taiwan late on August 23, Tembin weakened but regained strength in the South China Sea, looping before making a second landfall on southern Taiwan as a tropical storm on August 27; however, the system did not restrengthen in the East China Sea, and made landfall over South Korea on August 30 before becoming extratropical.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. During the season, 34 systems were designated as tropical depressions by either the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), or other National Meteorological and Hydrological Services such as the China Meteorological Administration and the Hong Kong Observatory. Since the JMA runs the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for the Western Pacific, they assigned names to tropical depressions which developed into tropical storms in the basin. PAGASA also assigned local names to systems which are active in their area of responsibility; however, these names are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
The 2023 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth consecutive below-average season and became the third-most inactive typhoon season on record in terms of named storms, with just 17 named storms developing, only ahead of 2010 and 1998. Despite the season occurring during an El Niño event, which typically favors activity in the basin, activity was abnormally low. This was primarily due to a consistent period of negative PDO, which typically discourages tropical storm formation in this basin. The season was less active than the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season in terms of named storms, the fourth such season on record, after 2005, 2010 and 2020; and the first during an El Niño event. The season's number of storms also did not exceed that of the 2023 Pacific hurricane season. Only ten became typhoons, with four strengthening further into super typhoons. However, it was very destructive, primarily due to Typhoon Doksuri which devastated the northern Philippines, Taiwan, and China in July, becoming the costliest typhoon on record as well as the costliest typhoon to hit mainland China, and Typhoon Haikui in September, which devastated China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The season was less active in Southeast Asia, with no tropical storm making landfall in mainland Vietnam.
Typhoon Maggie, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Etang, was a large and powerful typhoon that affected the Philippines and southeast Asia. The sixth tropical cyclone and second typhoon of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season, Maggie developed from a monsoon trough over the Philippine Sea on June 1. Quickly intensifying to tropical storm strength the following day, Maggie followed a northward course as it continued to intensify, reaching typhoon strength at 18:00 UTC as it turned northwestward. Maggie rapidly intensified to reach its peak intensity as a Category 3 equivalent typhoon on June 5 as it passed through the Luzon Strait. The typhoon brushed Taiwan on June 6 and began to weaken, making landfall near Hong Kong as a minimal typhoon on June 7. Afterward, Maggie weakened to a tropical storm as it briefly moved offshore. The storm moved back onshore the following day and quickly weakened, degenerating into a remnant area of low pressure on June 8.
Typhoon Toraji, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Isang, was one of the deadliest tropical cyclones to hit the island country of Taiwan, since 1961. The eight named storm and the third typhoon of the 2001 Pacific typhoon season, Toraji's origins were from an area of convection that persisted to the west of Guam. Moving north-northwest over favorable conditions, the disturbance intensified to a tropical depression, while the JTWC issued a TCFA on the newly developed system. On July 26, the depression entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, with the PAGASA naming it Isang. Strong easterly wind shear inhibited further development; however, as the shear relaxed, both the JTWC and PAGASA upgraded the system to a tropical storm with also the JMA following suit hours later. Now named Toraji, the storm slowly intensified, reaching typhoon status on the next day. Toraji continued to gain strength until it made landfall as a Category 2 typhoon near Taipei on July 29. Despite the rugged terrains of the country, the JTWC upgraded the system further to a Category 3, shortly before weakening as it moved offshore on Taiwan Strait. The JMA and PAGASA downgraded the typhoon to a tropical storm, with the latter issuing their final advisory as it moved out of their AOR. It continued to weaken, with the JTWC also downgrading the system to a tropical storm, before making landfall near Fuzhou on July 31 before it was last noted by the next day.
Severe Tropical Storm Nalgae, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Paeng, was a very large and deadly tropical cyclone that wreaked havoc across the Philippines and later impacted Hong Kong and Macau. Nalgae, meaning wing in Korean, the twenty-second named storm of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season, Nalgae originated from an invest located east of the Philippines on October 26. The disturbance, initially designated as 93W, was eventually upgraded the following day to a tropical depression by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and re-designated as 26W. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) however, had already considered the disturbance as a tropical depression a day prior to JTWC's; the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) also followed the JMA's lead and gave it the name Paeng. That same day, it was upgraded again by the JMA to tropical storm status, thus gaining the name Nalgae.
Typhoon Saola, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Goring, was a powerful and erratic tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines, southern Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and South China. The name Saola, is in reference to a rare animal found in Vietnam. The ninth named storm, seventh typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 2023 typhoon season, Saola originated from an area of convection east of Taiwan and headed southwestwards.
This article needs additional or more specific categories .(November 2023) |