Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | September 28, 2023 |
Dissipated | October 9, 2023 |
Very strong typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 165 km/h (105 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 940 hPa (mbar);27.76 inHg |
Category 4-equivalent typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 220 km/h (140 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 936 hPa (mbar);27.64 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 1 |
Injuries | 399 |
Missing | None |
Damage | $18 million (2023 USD) |
Areas affected |
|
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2023 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Koinu,known in the Philippines as Typhoon Jenny,was a strong and damaging tropical cyclone that made landfall on the southern tip of Taiwan and affected Hong Kong. Koinu,a replacement name for Tembin which means puppy or Canis Minor in Japanese,was the fourteenth named storm and ninth typhoon of the 2023 Pacific typhoon season. Koinu originated from an area of low pressure near Guam that generally moved westward into the Philippine Sea,where it was upgraded into a depression.
Koinu later underwent rapid intensification and became a Category 3-equivalent typhoon. The storm then weakened before intensifying to attain its peak intensity as a category 4-equivalent typhoon. Koinu passed close by Lanyu then made landfall over Hengchun,Taiwan.
This section needs additional citations for verification .(December 2023) |
On September 27, a low-pressure area formed near Guam, with the JTWC indicating the potential development of a tropical cyclone. It moved westward into the Philippine Sea until it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, where it was later upgraded into a tropical depression and gained the name Jenny by the PAGASA. [1] A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert was then issued for Jenny as it began to show signs of further organization. Hours later, JTWC gave its identifier 14W at 13:00 UTC (21:00 PHT). On September 28, JMA upgraded 14W into a tropical storm and attained the name Koinu, which replaced the name Tembin. PAGASA later followed suit at their 5 AM PHT bulletin, also upgrading Jenny into a tropical storm; JTWC followed thereafter.
Koinu moved west northwestward in the Philippine Sea whilst having its low-level circulation exposed due to wind shear. Koinu then later organized further, and by the next day, the JMA upgraded Koinu into a severe tropical storm. As usual, the PAGASA followed suit a few hours later. Koinu later gradually intensified into a Category 1 typhoon by the JTWC. The other agencies also followed suit in upgrading Koinu into a typhoon as an eye began to form. Koinu then began a period of rapid intensification by the evening of October 1 into the early morning hours, intensifying to become a low-end Category 4 typhoon whilst it developed a clear eye as it moved east of Cagayan before weakening slightly. Koinu weakened to Category 2 strength yet rebounded its intensity and reached Category 4 again whilst nearing Taiwan and moving west northwestward. Koinu passed dangerously close to Lanyu, and making its first landfall on mainland Hengchun, Taiwan, later weakening into a Category 3 storm as it did so. [2] Koinu then weakened into a Category 1 after slamming into Taiwan and later exited the PAR into the South China Sea. [3] Contrary to forecasts, Koinu unexpectedly restrengthened back into a Category 2, reforming a clear visible eye surrounded by a powerful eyewall. Koinu further intensified, regaining Category 3 status east of Guangdong.
After re-intensifying, Koinu weakened again for the last time, as it started to move west-northwestward. Dry air intrusion and land interaction continued to weaken the system into a tropical storm on October 9. Afterwards, it weakened to a tropical depression before reaching the Leizhou Peninsula into the Gulf of Tonkin. Both agencies ceased their advisories as Koinu weakened into a remnant low on October 10.
As Typhoon Koinu (known as Jenny in the Philippines) approached the Northern Philippines including Extreme Northern Luzon, the PAGASA began issuing warnings for parts of Northern Luzon, and a few days later, Signal #3 was raised on Itbayat, Batanes as the typhoon brought showers and gusty winds to the islands. [4]
As Jenny moved further away and weakened, the rains and winds started to subside, however, locals were still warned that the storm may still trigger moderate to rough seas in the areas affected. [5]
Taiwanese authorities issued weather warnings in preparation of strong gusts and heavy rain hitting the island's southeast. According to news sources, flights were canceled, schools and businesses were closed, and fishermen secured their boats. While the storm is likely to bring the most rain to hilly and sparsely inhabited areas, it will also affect the large port city of Kaohsiung. [6] [7]
As Koinu made landfall, it brought record-breaking winds and rains. A weather station on Orchid Island recorded gusts of winds of 198.7 kilometres per hour (123.5 mph) at 9:40 p.m. and gusts of 342.7 kilometres per hour (212.9 mph) 13 minutes later, both representing record-highs since record-keeping began in 1897. [8] Many trees fell down on roads and damaged infrastructure. A landslide occurred on Provincial Highway No. 9 in Pingtung County forcing vehicles to drive on the same lane, while 2 roads in Taitung County, Provincial Highway 20 in Haiduan Township and Provincial Highway 23 in Donghe Township were blocked. [9]
Agricultural losses in Taiwan were about NT$344.56 million (US$10.72 million), according to the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA). The five administrative areas that sustained the greatest losses were Yunlin, Changhua, Taichung, Chiayi, and Tainan. Around 9,762 hectares of crops were damaged. Peanuts were the crop that sustained the largest losses, while chickens and pigs were the largest livestock and poultry losses. [10]
As Typhoon Koinu neared Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) issued Increasing Storm Signal No. 9 at 19:00 (HKT) and weather warnings in preparations for heavy rainfall and strong winds ahead of the storm. The agency then considered if they would hoist their second Hurricane Signal No. 10 since Typhoon Saola if the storm passed further closely to Hong Kong. [11]
However, as Koinu moved away from Hong Kong and started weakening, the HKO did not need to issue the highest wind signal. The Increasing Storm Signal No. 9 was kept in force for 4 hours before lowered it down to Southwest Gale or Storm Signal No. 8. [12]
The 2005 Pacific typhoon season was the least active typhoon season since 2000, producing 23 named storms, of which 13 became typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2005, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Kulap, developed on January 13, while the season's last named storm, Bolaven, dissipated on November 20. The season's first typhoon, Haitang, reached typhoon status on July 13, and became the first super typhoon of the year three days later.
The 2006 Pacific typhoon season was a near-average season which produced a total of 23 named storms, 15 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2006, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Chanchu, developed on May 9, while the season's last named storm, Trami, dissipated on December 20.
The 2007 Pacific typhoon season was a near average season which featured 24 named storms, fourteen typhoons, and five super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2007, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and November. The season's first named storm, Kong-rey, developed on March 30, while the season's last named storm, Mitag, dissipated on November 27. The season's first typhoon, Yutu, reached typhoon status on May 18, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
The 2003 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average yearlong period of tropical cyclogenesis exhibiting the development of 45 tropical depressions, of which 21 became named storms; of those, 14 became typhoons. Though every month with the exception of February and March featured tropical activity, most storms developed from May through October. During the season, tropical cyclones affected the Philippines, Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, Indochina, and various islands in the western Pacific.
The 2001 Pacific typhoon season was an average season with twenty-six named storms, sixteen typhoons and three super typhoons, with a near normal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 307.3 units. It ran year-round in 2001, with most tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean tending between May and November.
The 2000 Pacific typhoon season marked the first year using names contributed by the World Meteorological Organization. It was a rather below-average season, producing a total of 23 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and 4 intense typhoons. The season ran throughout 2000, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Damrey, developed on May 7, while the season's last named storm, Soulik, dissipated on January 4 of the next year. The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index for the 2000 Pacific typhoon season as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center was 252.9 units.
The 1998 Pacific typhoon season was the least active Pacific typhoon season on record, until it was surpassed 12 years later. It would produce 16 tropical storms, 8 strengthening into typhoons. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1998 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1994 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Western North Pacific, being the second most active season in the basin, only behind 1964. With a total of 36 tropical storms, where 20 of them reached typhoon strength and 6 further strengthening into super typhoons, during the course of the season, much like the Pacific hurricane season. The season had no official bounds and it ran year-round in 1994, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. Tropical storms that formed west of the date line were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The World Meteorological Organization-designated Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre for tropical cyclones for the region is the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that entered or formed in the Philippine area of responsibility were assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can result in some storms having two names.
The 1979 Pacific typhoon season featured the largest and most intense tropical cyclone recorded globally, Typhoon Tip. The season also used both male and female names as tropical cyclone names for the first time. Additionally, the season was slightly below-average in terms of tropical cyclone activity, with only 24 storms, 12 typhoons, and 4 super typhoons developing. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1979, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1978 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season that produced 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and one intense typhoon. It ran year-round in 1978, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 2010 Pacific typhoon season, with 14 named storms, was the least active Pacific typhoon season on record. Seven of them strengthened into typhoons while one reached super typhoon intensity. All of the 14 named storms developed west of 150°E.
The 2017 Pacific typhoon season was a below-average season in terms of accumulated cyclone energy and the number of typhoons and super typhoons, and the first since the 1977 season to not produce a Category 5-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The season produced a total of 27 named storms, 11 typhoons, and only two super typhoons, making it an average season in terms of storm numbers. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season runs throughout 2017, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Muifa, developed on April 25, while the season's last named storm, Tembin, dissipated on December 26. This season also featured the latest occurrence of the first typhoon of the year since 1998, with Noru reaching this intensity on July 23.
Typhoon Tembin, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Igme, was an intense tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific Ocean that had an unusual trajectory, approaching Taiwan twice. Tembin, which means balancing scale or Libra in Japanese, was the eighth typhoon and the fourteenth named storm of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season. After making landfall over the southern tip of Taiwan late on August 23, Tembin weakened but regained strength in the South China Sea, looping before making a second landfall on southern Taiwan as a tropical storm on August 27; however, the system did not restrengthen in the East China Sea, and made landfall over South Korea on August 30 before becoming extratropical.
Typhoon Chebi, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Queenie, was a powerful typhoon that impacted Luzon during November 2006. Chebi is the third typhoon since Typhoon Xangsane to hit the country destructively. The 30th tropical depression developed east of the Mariana Islands on October 31 as a weak disturbance. The system was dubbed into a tropical depression on November 8, until both the JMA and PAGASA upgraded it to a tropical storm on November 9. Chebi rapidly intensified to a Category 4 typhoon the next day and made landfall over northern Philippines on November 11. The system finally dissipated near Hong Kong and Vietnam on November 14.
Typhoon Kim, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Osang, was the second typhoon in a week to directly affect the Philippines during July 1980. Like Typhoon Joe, Kim formed from the near equatorial monsoon trough in the northwestern Pacific Ocean on July 19. The disturbance tracked quickly westward-northwest underneath a subtropical ridge, reaching tropical storm strength on the July 21 and typhoon strength on July 23. After developing an eye, Kim began to rapidly intensify, and during the afternoon of July 24, peaked in intensity as a super typhoon. Several hours later, Kim made landfall over the Philippines, but the storm had weakened considerably by this time. Throughout the Philippines, 40 people were killed, 2 via drownings, and 19,000 others were directly affected. A total of 12,000 homes were destroyed and 5,000 villages were flooded. Less than a week earlier, the same areas were affected by Joe; however, Kim was considered the more damaging of the two typhoons. Land interaction took its toll on Kim, and upon entering the South China Sea, the storm was down below typhoon intensity. Kim continued northwestward but its disrupted circulation prevented re-intensification, and it remained a tropical storm until hitting southern China July 27 to the northeast of Hong Kong, where only slight damage was reported. Later that day, Kim dissipated.
The 2023 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth consecutive below-average season and became the third-most inactive typhoon season on record in terms of named storms, with just 17 named storms developing, only ahead of 2010 and 1998. Despite the season occurring during an El Niño event, which typically favors activity in the basin, activity was abnormally low. This was primarily due to a consistent period of negative PDO, which typically discourages tropical storm formation in this basin. The season was less active than the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season in terms of named storms, the fourth such season on record, after 2005, 2010 and 2020. The season's number of storms also did not exceed that of the 2023 Pacific hurricane season. Only ten became typhoons, with four strengthening further into super typhoons. However, it was very destructive, primarily due to Typhoon Doksuri which devastated the northern Philippines, Taiwan, and China in July, becoming the costliest typhoon on record as well as the costliest typhoon to hit mainland China, and Typhoon Haikui in September, which devastated China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The season was less active in Southeast Asia, with no tropical storm making landfall in mainland Vietnam.
Typhoon Maggie, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Etang, was a large and powerful typhoon that affected the Philippines and southeast Asia. The sixth tropical cyclone and second typhoon of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season, Maggie developed from a monsoon trough over the Philippine Sea on June 1. Quickly intensifying to tropical storm strength the following day, Maggie followed a northward course as it continued to intensify, reaching typhoon strength at 18:00 UTC as it turned northwestward. Maggie rapidly intensified to reach its peak intensity as a Category 3 equivalent typhoon on June 5 as it passed through the Luzon Strait. The typhoon brushed Taiwan on June 6 and began to weaken, making landfall near Hong Kong as a minimal typhoon on June 7. Afterward, Maggie weakened to a tropical storm as it briefly moved offshore. The storm moved back onshore the following day and quickly weakened, degenerating into a remnant area of low pressure on June 8.
Typhoon Toraji, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Isang, was one of the deadliest tropical cyclones to hit the island country of Taiwan, since 1961. The eight named storm and the third typhoon of the 2001 Pacific typhoon season, Toraji's origins were from an area of convection that persisted to the west of Guam. Moving north-northwest over favorable conditions, the disturbance intensified to a tropical depression, while the JTWC issued a TCFA on the newly developed system. On July 26, the depression entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, with the PAGASA naming it Isang. Strong easterly wind shear inhibited further development; however, as the shear relaxed, both the JTWC and PAGASA upgraded the system to a tropical storm with also the JMA following suit hours later. Now named Toraji, the storm slowly intensified, reaching typhoon status on the next day. Toraji continued to gain strength until it made landfall as a Category 2 typhoon near Taipei on July 29. Despite the rugged terrains of the country, the JTWC upgraded the system further to a Category 3, shortly before weakening as it moved offshore on Taiwan Strait. The JMA and PAGASA downgraded the typhoon to a tropical storm, with the latter issuing their final advisory as it moved out of their AOR. It continued to weaken, with the JTWC also downgrading the system to a tropical storm, before making landfall near Fuzhou on July 31 before it was last noted by the next day.
Severe Tropical Storm Nalgae, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Paeng, was a very large and deadly tropical cyclone that wreaked havoc across the Philippines and later impacted Hong Kong and Macau. Nalgae, meaning wing in Korean, the twenty-second named storm of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season, Nalgae originated from an invest located east of the Philippines on October 26. The disturbance, initially designated as 93W, was eventually upgraded the following day to a tropical depression by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and re-designated as 26W. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) however, had already considered the disturbance as a tropical depression a day prior to JTWC's; the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) also followed the JMA's lead and gave it the name Paeng. That same day, it was upgraded again by the JMA to tropical storm status, thus gaining the name Nalgae.
Typhoon Saola, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Goring, was a powerful and erratic tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines, southern Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and South China. The name Saola, is in reference to a rare animal found in Vietnam. The ninth named storm, seventh typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 2023 typhoon season, Saola originated from an area of convection east of Taiwan and headed southwestwards.