Care is provided by more than 700 board-certified pediatricians and pediatric specialists. Children's also provides primary care, specialty care, and urgent care at over 40 locations throughout the Pittsburgh region, as well as clinical specialty services throughout western Pennsylvania at regional health care facilities.[5][6]
History
The original building of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh before fire
Origins
The history of the hospital goes back to 1883 when 11-year-old Kirk LeMoyne wanted to start a hospital dedicated to babies and children. Through fundraising, he managed to create a bed just for children at Western Pennsylvania Hospital. With the extra money he started a fund for a dedicated children's hospital.[7] In 1887 funding was also acquired when local philanthropist Jane Holmes donated $40,000 to the hospital with the condition that the hospital be built within one year.[8]
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh was founded by a charter on March 18, 1887, and the first patients were admitted on June 5, 1890.[9][10]
In 1909 the hospital's name was officially changed from Pittsburgh Children's Hospital to the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.[11]
The original hospital was housed in a donated mansion refurbished for medical use. The facility was quickly outgrown and two additions were added within ten years. After a small fire at the mansion, fundraising began for a much larger facility which was begun in 1926 at the DeSoto Street location in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh.[9][12]
Former Oakland neighborhood facility
The oldest of these Children's Hospital buildings, dating to the 1930s, included an eight-story building, later called the DeSoto Wing, that included a cafe, gift shop and chapel. North and south additions to the original building were added in 1950 and 1957, respectively.[7][13]
In 1947, doctor Jonas Salk took a job at Children's and at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine as an associate professor of bacteriology and the head of the Virus Research Lab.[14] While at Pitt, he began research on polio and the process of developing a vaccination.[15] In 1952 Salk had created the first Polio vaccination. Salk went on CBS radio to report a successful test on a small group of adults and children on March 26, 1953, and two days later, the results were published in The Journal of the American Medical Association.[16]
A picture of Presbyterian Hospital, Eye and Ear Hospital, and the Oakland Children's Hospital. Circa 1930–45
In 1971 hospital physician Dr. Richard Moriarty created the campaign, logo, and sticker for Mr. Yuk at the hospital.[17][18] Moriarity noticed an uptick in children's poisonings and wanted to develop a label to warn children that poisons were dangerous.[19] The design for Mr. Yuk came from interviews from children under the age of five and recording their facial expressions when asked about poison.[20] The hospital still owns the copyright to the Mr. Yuk sticker.[21] The Pittsburgh Poison Control Center was housed inside of CHP.[22]
In 1981 pioneering surgeon and "Father of Transplantation" Dr. Thomas E. Starzl came to the hospital, on condition that he would be free of administrative tasks and able to focus on medicine.[23][24] In a matter of a few years he launched the country's first pediatric and adult liver transplant program.[25] On February 14, 1984, under the direction of Starzl, Drs. Byers W. Shaw Jr. and Henry T. Bahnson successfully completed the world's' first simultaneous heart and liverorgan transplant on six-year-old Stormie Jones at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.[26][27] During his tenure, Starzl also pioneered the use of a new anti-rejection drug called tacrolimus.[28] Starzl was the head of transplantation at the hospital until 1991 when he stepped down from clinical and surgical duties and shifted all of his focus to research.[28]
The Children's Hospital in Oakland as it appeared in 2007
Ground was broken in 1982, and in January 1986 a new tower called the "Main Tower" was opened at the hospital.[7] Opening was delayed after a slight issue led to a leaking pipe.[29] The addition consisted of twelve floors (two underground parking), 210 patient beds, and cost $92million.[30] The Main Tower had a rooftop heliport and was the location of the emergency department and was connected to the older buildings with connections to UPMC Presbyterian Hospital that were accessed through multiple floors.[31] The new tower also included an underground parking garage, new lobby, pediatric and neonatal intensive care units, operating rooms, and a radiology department shared with the neighboring Presbyterian Hospital.[32][33] The new building opened up with an open house and tours for the public.[34]
On April 5, 2001, CHP and UPMC announced a merger.[35] As a part of the agreement, UPMC would provide CHP with $250million in research support over 10 years, including funds for new faculty and facilities and also contribute $250million toward a new hospital to replace Children's aging Oakland facilities.[36][37][38] Originally, Highmark was also in the running to merge with Children's, but they only wanted to put $100million towards a new hospital, $400million less than UPMC.[39][40]
A few months later insurance company Highmark filed suit to block Children's planned merger with UPMC, claiming that UPMC could use the region's only pediatric hospital as part of a plan to build its own insurance business by blocking access to CHP for patients with other coverage.[41]
By October 19, 2001, Highmark dropped the lawsuit against CHP when they were able to reach an agreement with UPMC. The merger was complete by October 31, 2001.[42]
The old Children's Hospital location was closed on May 2, 2009, when the hospital moved to the Lawrenceville location.[43][44] After the closure, the structure served as overflow space for patients from neighboring Presbyterian Hospital.[45]
View of the UPMC Presbyterian campus (right) in 2014 with the former Children's Hospital tower standing in front
In October 2009 the movie The Next Three Days had few scenes shot in the old campus and portrayed as "University Hospital". Recognizable shots include underground parking garage, main lobby/entrance and elevator banks.[46]
On December 18, 2009, UPMC announced plans to demolish a large section of the former Children's Hospital, including the building on the corner of Fifth Avenue and DeSoto Street.[31] However the blue banded main tower which was constructed in 1986 remained as part of UPMC Presbyterian partially because UPMC Presbyterian used the rooftop helipad and CHP also contained offices for UPMC Presbyterian.[47]
The demolition took place in July 2010, and though it was scheduled to be finished in October that year, the removal of asbestos and other factors delayed the progress until the demolition was complete in May 2011. Later that month it was landscaped as park, although UPMC has plans to build the UPMC Heart and Transplant Hospital on its footprint.[48] In 2016, the former main tower of the Children's Hospital was also demolished.[49]
Talks of a new hospital
Ideas were floating around as early as 2000 when CHP conducted a study to determine the cost of renovating the original hospital on Fifth Avenue and DeSoto Street in Oakland, contracting RossBianco Architect to create a master plan.[50] Throughout the years the additions created an environment that was confusing to navigate. They determined it would cost about $185million to upgrade electrical systems and rooms, but wouldn't address problems with the outdated hospital design itself.[51] In addition, there was no room for expansion and patient volumes were straining the 263-bed hospital.[52]
Hospital administration instead refocused on building a brand new hospital or finding another building onto which a new children's hospital could be attached. A few sites were considered including a lot next to UPMC Magee-Women's Hospital, which was ultimately not chosen due to the lack of expansion potential. A lot at LTV Steel site along the Monongahela River was also considered and turned down due to the potential cost of environmental cleanup that option entailed. Also, the area behind UPMC Montefiore was inquired upon but faced the same expansion problems as the Magee-Women's proposal.[53]
As plans were being drawn up, leaders from the St. Francis Medical Center in Lawrenceville announced that they would be closing due to long-term financial struggles and were looking for a buyer.[54] After financial donations from Highmark, UPMC officials decided to purchase the St. Francis Medical Center, providing large amounts of land and expansion potential.[55]
The new hospital under construction in 2006
New Hospital Campus
After acquiring the land, UPMC officials drew up plans for the site that included the demolition of a few buildings, but kept about four buildings from the old hospital, choosing to renovate them instead. The decision reduced overall construction costs for the project as not as many buildings were required to be constructed.[56] Buildings still existing from St. Francis days include the Plaza Building, Faculty Building, Administrative Office Building, and the back half of the main hospital.[57][58] Construction workers are blending the old and new buildings by matching floor and ceiling heights.[52]
Throughout the construction of the project, costs increased and UPMC continuously disputed the additions, trying to save money. After a few trimmings from the original design UPMC and Children's agreed and UPMC paid for most of the project.[59] The architect for the new hospital building was Louis D. Astorino.[60]
Early demolition of buildings not required started soon after the deal and construction and renovations for CHP started in 2006 completed in April 2009, originally opening to outpatients,[61][62] the hospital fully opened on May 2, 2009.[63] Transport of patients from the Oakland campus to Lawrenceville consisted of a convoy of 34 ambulances to transport about 150 patients over a 10-hour window.[64] Medical equipment was transferred over the next day, May 3.[64]
The building in 2010
Patient rooms at the new hospital were much larger consisting of 300 square feet per room, 1.5 times larger than the rooms at the old campus in Oakland. In addition, rooms at the new hospital are completely private featuring an overnight couch with pull out bed for caregivers.[52] The new 1,500,000-square-foot (140,000m2) hospital has 315 beds, with a 45-bed emergency department, a 36-bed pediatric intensive care unit, and a 12-bed cardiac intensive care unit.[65] A ten-story research center is also on the campus, with seven out of the ten floors dedicated for pediatric medical research. The complex is environmentally friendly[66] and "quiet".[67][68] The hospital also includes a Weight Management and Wellness Center to offer help to obese children. The Center assists children in the area with maintaining and achieving a healthy weight, while also treating weight related health issues.[69] Along with the physical upgrades, CHP implemented an advanced new electronic health record system (EHR) as a part of the new hospital.[70]
In January 2010, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh received 53 orphan children from Haiti after the earthquake.[71] CHP treated the children and then turned them over to the Allegheny County Children and Youth Services to find permanent homes.[72][73]
When the hospital first opened, residents in Lawrenceville complained about the loud noises that the rooftop ventilation fans made and CHP officials were quick to hire acoustic engineers, spending around $250,000 to find a solution to the noise issues.[74][75]
In 2011, the main building of the hospital became one of the first LEED certified children's hospital buildings in the U.S.[76][77] The same year, CHP also bid on a plot of land in South Fayette, Pennsylvania to build a new $24 million outpatient center.[78] The bid was approved and the new outpatient center (Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh South) opened in 2014.[79][80]
In 2014, CHP leaders announced that they would undergo an expansion of the NICU because of the limited capacity. The announcement also came with expansions of the outpatient hematology clinic, the bone marrow transplant unit, the cardiac unit, and the telemedicine program due to increased demand since the move to Lawrenceville.[81]
The hospital was used as an exterior filming location to the 2015 comedy-drama film, Me and Earl and the Dying Girl. The hospital served as the place where one of the characters was being treated for cancer.[82]
In February 2016, UVA Children's Hospital in Virginia partnered with CHP to expand their pediatric liver transplant program, learning from the program already existing at CHP.[83][84]
In the wake of the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic the hospital revised its visitor policy to only allow two parents of each child on the inpatient wards.[85] The parents must also wear masks, and be the same two people throughout the entire stay.[86][87]
In November 2020, UPMC announced the opening of the new pediatric unit at UPMC Pinnacle Harrisburg. The new unit was opened in partnership with the UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and consists of 26 pediatric beds.[88][89] The unit is named "UPMC Children’s Harrisburg" and features telemedicine connections to the main hospital in Pittsburgh.[90][91]
About
In the photo, the site is under construction. The first building from the left (with white Tyvek) is the John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center. To its right, the colorful building, is the main hospital. Buildings not easily visible in image: faculty pavilion, administrative office building, and a central plant.
Patient Care Units
The hospital has a variety of patient care units to care for infants, children, teens and young adults 0-21, with some units caring for adult patients as well.[92]
In addition to the patient care units the hospital also has 14 operating rooms and 4 procedure rooms.[93][94][95]
Research
In addition to the clinical services offered, CHP also has a wing for research at the new hospital campus. Research at CHP primarily takes place at the John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center. The building was built in 2008 and has nine floors and 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2) of space.[96] The center is named after philanthropist John G. Rangos after he donated $6million cumulatively to the hospital.[97]
The facility supports many different areas of research including fields such as biomedical research, including genomics, cellular imaging, signal transduction, structural biology, and immunology and neuroscience.[98]
As part of the research center, Children's Hospital regularly conducts clinical trials to solve many of today's pediatric health challenges, including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and liver and intestine transplantation.[101]
Education
The hospital houses the pediatrics division of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and attending physicians at the hospital are also professors at the school.[102] The hospital's teaching program is home to 275 interns and residents at the university.[103]
Ronald McDonald House
Ronald McDonald House Pittsburgh was originally started when Dr. Vincent Albo, a CHP oncologist, saw the need for a cheap place to stay for families of sick children being treated at CHP. After many donations, Ronald McDonald House Charities bought the mansion at 500 Shady Avenue and converted into a 10-room house. The house opened on July 10, 1979, making the house at Pittsburgh the seventh one to open in the country.[104][105]
In 1994 an additional house opened in Pittsburgh adjacent to the first house. The new house came from a need for a place for families who needed to stay long-term or be isolated from the public, due to immunocompromised children.[104][106]
On October 31, 2009, a new Ronald McDonald House opened on the site of CHP's Lawrenceville campus. The building used consists of apartment-style housing with 60 rooms, almost tripling the capacity of the previous houses.[104] The building housing the house was built in 1982[107] by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development as a home for senior citizens.[108] While CHP owns the building, Ronald McDonald House and CHP have signed a 25-year lease for the building.[109][110]
UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh is connected to the Ronald McDonald House via a third floor enclosed walkway, effectively within the same building.[111]
In 2009, Children's was one of only eight pediatric hospitals in the nation named a 2009 Leapfrog Top Hospital by the Leapfrog Group. This was the second year in a row that Children's has been named a Leapfrog Top Hospital.[113] The same year, CHP was recognized for leading the way in advanced technology as the first and today's only pediatric hospital in the United States to achieve Stage 7 recognition from HIMSS Analytics for the use and implementation of electronic medical records. Stage 7 is HIMSS’ highest level of certification, achieved by only 0.5 percent of the more than 5,000 hospitals in the United States.[112] Also, KLAS, an independent health care research organization, recognized CHP as the leader in its use of health care information technology among pediatric hospitals in the United States. This is only the third time in 12 years that KLAS has recognized a specific health care organization for the depth of adoption of electronic health records.[112]
The new hospital was named the 7th most beautiful hospital in the US by Soliant Health in 2010[114] and the 10th most beautiful hospital in the world by HealthExecNews in 2012.[115][116]
In 2015 CHP was named HIMSS Enterprise Davies Award recipient due to its advanced EHR system in place.[117]
As of 2023 the hospital was ranked as number eight on the best children's honor roll in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.[120]
Pediatric specialty rankings
In 2010, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh was one of only eight pediatric hospitals in the United States named to U.S. News & World Report's Best Children's Hospitals Honor Roll and was ranked in every specialty evaluated by US News.[121]
In 2011, UPMC CHP was ranked as the 8th best children's hospital and ranked nationally in every specialty in the U.S. on the U.S. News & World Report Honor Roll.[122]
In 2016, it was ranked as the 7th best children's hospital in America by U.S. News & World Report and was ranked 10th in neonatology, 22nd in cancer, 10th in cardiology, 3rd in diabetes, 2nd in gastroenterology and GI surgery, and 15th in nephrology, 10th in neurology, 44th in orthopedics, 6th in pulmonology, and 16th in urology.[123]
As of 2022, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh has placed nationally in all 10 ranked pediatric specialties on U.S. News & World[124]
Detail of the exterior architecture of UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
U.S. News & World Report Rankings for UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh[125]
Mr. Yuk is a trademarked graphic image, created by UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and widely employed in the United States in labeling of substances that are poisonous if ingested.
UPMC is an American integrated global nonprofit health enterprise that has 100,000 employees, 40 hospitals with more than 8,000 licensed beds, 800 clinical locations including outpatient sites and doctors' offices, a 3.8million-member health insurance division, as well as commercial and international ventures. It is closely affiliated with its academic partner, the University of Pittsburgh. It is considered a leading American health care provider, as its flagship facilities have ranked in U.S. News & World Report "Honor Roll" of the approximately 15 to 20 best hospitals in America for over 15 years. As of 2016, its flagship hospital UPMC Presbyterian was ranked 12th nationally among the best hospitals by U.S. News & World Report and ranked in 15 of 16 specialty areas when including UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital. This does not include UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh which ranked in the top 10 of pediatric centers in a separate US News ranking.
Thomas Earl Starzl was an American physician, researcher, and expert on organ transplants. He performed the first human liver transplants, and has often been referred to as "the father of modern transplantation." A documentary, entitled "Burden of Genius," covering the medical and scientific advances spearheaded by Starzl himself, was released to the public in 2017 in a series of screenings. Dr. Starzl also penned his autobiography, "The Puzzle People: Memoirs Of A Transplant Surgeon," which was published in 1992.
St. Christopher's Hospital for Children is a pediatric acute care hospital located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The hospital has 188 beds and is affiliated with both the Drexel University College of Medicine and the Temple University School of Medicine. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to pediatric patients aged 0–21 throughout eastern Pennsylvania and is one of the oldest full-service hospitals in the United States totally dedicated to the care of children.
St. Louis Children's Hospital is a dedicated pediatric hospital in St. Louis, Missouri, and has a primary service region covering six states. As the pediatric teaching hospital for Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital offers nationally recognized programs for physician training and research. The hospital has 402 licensed beds, 3,423 employees, 881 physician staff members, and 1,300 auxiliary members and volunteers. The hospital treats infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21.
Allegheny Health Network (AHN), based in Pittsburgh, is a non-profit, 14-hospital academic medical system with facilities located in Western Pennsylvania and one hospital in Western New York. AHN was formed in 2013 when Highmark Inc., a Pennsylvania-based Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance carrier, purchased the assets of the West Penn Allegheny Health System and added three more hospitals to its provider division. Allegheny Health Network was formed to act as the parent company to the WPAHS hospitals and its affiliate hospitals. Highmark Health today serves as the ultimate parent of AHN.
Stormie Dawn Jones was the world's first recipient of a successful simultaneous heart and liver organ transplant.
Nationwide Children's Hospital is a nationally ranked pediatric acute care teaching hospital located in the Southern Orchards neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. The hospital has 673 pediatric beds and is affiliated with the Ohio State University College of Medicine. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout Ohio and surrounding regions. Nationwide Children's Hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. Nationwide Children's Hospital also features an ACS-verified Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center, one of four in the state. The hospital has affiliations with the nearby Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Nationwide Children's Hospital is located on its own campus and has more than 1,379 medical staff members and over 11,909 total employees.
Louis D. Astorino is an architect in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and the first American architect to design a building in the Vatican.
The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, previously the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI), is a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center located in the Hillman Cancer Center in the Shadyside neighborhood of Pittsburgh, adjacent to UPMC Shadyside. The only NCI-designated cancer center in Western Pennsylvania, Hillman is composed of collaborative academic and research efforts between the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), and Carnegie Mellon University. Hillman provides clinical cancer care to some 74,000 patients treated at its facilities at both the Hillman Cancer Center location in the Shadyside neighborhood of Pittsburgh and at UPMC-affiliated sites throughout Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, and overseas locations. Founded in 1984, Hillman became the youngest cancer center in history to achieve NCI-designation. As of 2007, Hillman had received nearly $200 million in funding from the National Cancer Institute, which ranks it as one of the top ten cancer research institutes.
Medical centers in the United States are conglomerations of health care facilities including hospitals and research facilities that also either include or are closely affiliated with a medical school.
UPMC Braddock Hospital, formerly located at 400 Holland Avenue, Braddock, Pennsylvania, United States, was a full-service hospital that had served over 25 Monongahela Valley communities as a primary care facility for the Steel Valley and areas part of the Woodland Hills School District. Opened in 1906, it was merged into the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, more commonly known as UPMC, in 1996. The hospital stopped accepting patients on January 15, 2010 and closed on January 31, 2010.
UPMC Williamsport, formerly UPMC Susquehanna Williamsport or Williamsport Regional Medical Center, is a 24-hr emergency hospital of UPMC Susquenhana located in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Originally established in 1873 as the Williamsport Hospital, it currently operates at least 224 beds.
Kareem Abu-Elmagd is an Egyptian-American surgeon practicing abdominal organ transplantation and digestive system surgery. He is best known for development of clinical intestinal and multivisceral transplantation and its subsequent approval by Medicare. He served as the president of the Intestinal Transplant Association.
UPMC Presbyterian, often referred to locally as Presby, is a 900-bed non-profit research and academic hospital located in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, providing tertiary care for the Western Pennsylvania region and beyond. It comprises the Presbyterian campus of the combined UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside hospital entity. It is the largest hospital in Pennsylvania as of 2018.
Amy Joy Houtrow is an American pediatrician and physical medicine and rehabilitation physician. She is the Endowed Professor in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
UVA Children's Hospital is a nationally ranked, acute care children's hospital in Charlottesville, Virginia. It is affiliated with the University of Virginia School of Medicine. The hospital features 112 pediatric beds. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout the region. The hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. The hospital has a rooftop helipad to transport critical pediatric cases. The hospital features a regional pediatric intensive-care unit and a level IV neonatal intensive care unit.
OSF HealthCare Children's Hospital of Illinois known simply as Children's Hospital of Illinois is a nationally ranked pediatric acute care children's hospital located within OSF Saint Francis Medical Center in Peoria, Illinois. The hospital has 144 pediatric beds. It is affiliated with The University of Illinois College of Medicine, and is a member of OSF HealthCare.
UPMC Magee-Women's Hospital, known simply as Magee-Womens Hospital, is a nationally ranked, 335-bed non-profit, full service specialty hospital located in the South Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Magee-Womens is a part of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). The hospital is near UPMC's flagship campus which houses Presbyterian and Montefiore. While the hospital is UPMC's primary facility for women's health, the hospital is a full service hospital that also serves men. As the hospital is a teaching hospital, it is affiliated with University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
UPMC Shadyside is a nationally ranked, 520-bed non-profit, tertiary, teaching hospital located in the Shadyside neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. UPMC Shadyside is a part of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), and grouped in with the flagship UPMC Presbyterian. The hospital is near UPMC's flagship campus which houses Presbyterian and Montefiore. As the hospital is a teaching hospital, it is affiliated with University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The hospital has an emergency room to handle emergencies, with a rooftop helipad to transport critical patients to and from the hospital. UPMC Shadyside houses the flagship campus of the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, a nationally ranked cancer hospital.
↑ "Jonas Salk". Popular Pittsburgh. February 11, 2015. Archived from the original on June 6, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
↑ "Jonas Salk". Biography. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
↑ Offit PA (2007). The Cutter Incident: How America's First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis. Yale University Press. p.38. ISBN978-0-300-12605-1.
↑ "Pittsburgh's "Mr. Yuk"". Carnegie Museum of Natural History. July 19, 2017. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
↑ "Mr. Yuk doing 'disgusting' job". Tuscaloosa News. (Alabama). Associated Press. January 4, 1975. p.2. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
↑ Sheehan, Charles (October 20, 2001). "Highmark ends suit to prevent merger". Newspapers.com. The Indiana Gazette. p.5. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
↑ CLAUS, CHRISTINE (September 18, 2002). "Children's to relocate". The Pitt News. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
↑ Iglar, Andrea (December 15, 2011). "South Fayette tract sought". Newspapers.com. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
↑ "UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh". University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine: Department of Pediatrics. May 4, 2020. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
1 2 3 "Our History". Ronald McDonald House Charities of Pittsburgh and Morgantown. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
↑ "500 Shady Ave". Ronald McDonald House Pittsburgh. March 15, 2008. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
↑ "The Apartments". Ronald McDonald House Pittsburgh. March 15, 2008. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
↑ "Pittsburgh House". Ronald McDonald House Charities of Pittsburgh and Morgantown. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
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