Union Pacific FEF series | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The Union Pacific FEF series consists of 45 4-8-4 "Northern" steam locomotives built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) between 1937 and 1944 and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad until 1959. Like other Union Pacific steam classes, the acronym comes from the first letter of the spelling of its wheel arrangement: Four Eight Four.
The final steam locomotives built for the Union Pacific, the FEFs represented the apex of dual-service steam locomotive development in the United States, as funds and research were thereafter concentrated into the development of diesel-electric locomotives. Designed to burn coal, they were converted to run on fuel oil in 1946. [1] They pulled a variety of passenger trains, such as the Overland Limited , Los Angeles Limited , Portland Rose and Challenger , [2] until diesel-electric locomotives took over passenger service. Many FEF series locomotives were reassigned to freight service during the last years of their careers.
Four FEF series locomotives survive, including No. 844, which remains in operational condition and runs in excursion service. The 844 is one of the Union Pacific's oldest serving locomotives [3] and the only steam locomotive never retired by a North American Class I railroad. [4]
In the late 1930s, rising trainloads started to exceed the limits of the 4-8-2s that were the mainstay of UP passenger operations. One day in 1937, with UP President William Jeffer's business car in the rear, a 7000-class 4-8-2 demonstrated the lack of steaming power inherent in the type. Even as the train was waiting for rescue, a telegram was sent to ALCO in Schenectady seeking something better. The result was the FEF series, a superb class of locomotives that could run at 100 mph and produce between 4,000 and 5,000 drawbar horsepower. They would run about 14,000 miles a month. [5]
The FEF series consisted of three classes of steam locomotives: FEF-1, FEF-2, and FEF-3.
Class | Quantity | Manufacturer | Alco Order No. | Serial Nos. | Year built | UP No. | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FEF-1 | 20 | American Locomotive Company | S-1769 | 68808-68827 | 1937 | 800–819 | Converted to oil fuel in 1945–1946. |
FEF-2 | 15 | American Locomotive Company | S-1811 | 69161-69175 | 1939 | 820–834 | Converted to oil fuel in 1945–1946. |
FEF-3 | 10 | American Locomotive Company | S-1937 | 72782-72791 | 1944 | 835–844 | Converted to oil fuel in 1945–1946. No. 844 in excursion service since 1960; renumbered to 8444 from 1962 to 1989. |
The first 20 locomotives, numbered 800–819, were delivered by ALCO in 1937. As a whole, they followed the simplest possible arrangement of two outside cylinders, as had the Northumbrian locomotives 108 years earlier. Fitting ALCO's lateral motion devices to the leading coupled wheels eased the negotiation of curves. UP resisted most of the complicated accessories on many other locomotives, resulting in an elegant, uncluttered appearance.[ citation needed ] Despite frequently running faster than 100 mph (161 km/h), the forces and stresses on the coupling and connecting rods were kept within acceptable limits. There were many reports[ by whom? ] of the class reaching the design limit of 110 mph (177 km/h).
The second batch of 15 locomotives, numbered 820–834, was delivered in 1939. Their improvements included larger cylinders, better tractive effort, smoke deflectors on the sides of the smokebox, and driving wheels that were three inches wider in diameter. The biggest change was the replacement of the 12-wheeled tender with a 14-wheeled "pedestal" or "centipede" tender. UP 833 has been tied to claims to have hit the classes' max speed of 120 mph, but was not officially recorded due to the speed violating Union Pacific's corporate rules. [6]
Except for the use of some substitute materials, the final batch of 10 locomotives, numbered 835–844, were nearly identical to the FEF-2. After World War II, coal supplies were limited by a series of strikes. To safeguard operations, UP converted the 800s to burn oil, and fitted a 6,000-US-gallon (23,000 L; 5,000 imp gal) tank in the bunker space. Otherwise, few modifications were needed to ensure years of mainline service. These were the last steam locomotives delivered for the UP. Like many of the "late era" steam locomotives, their final design was cut short by the advent of diesel locomotives, the new monarchs of the rails. A former manager of the Union Pacific Steam Program said, "Although it is stated that the UP FEF Series were designed to safely operate at 120 mph (190 km/h), no one really knows how fast the final 4-8-4 could go. The last FEF-3 was actually never retired."[ citation needed ]
Four FEF series locomotives survive. No. 814 (FEF-1) and No. 833 (FEF-2) are on static display. No. 844 (FEF-3) has remained operational and is used in excursion service. No. 838 (FEF-3) is used solely as a source of spare parts for No. 844.
Type | Number | Image | Date built | Serial number | Location | Coordinates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FEF-1 | 814 | September 1937 | 68822 | RailsWest Railroad Museum, Council Bluffs, Iowa | 41°14′52″N95°51′10″W / 41.24778°N 95.85278°W | ||
FEF-2 | 833 | October 1939 | 69174 | Utah State Railroad Museum, Ogden, Utah | 41°13′15″N111°58′47″W / 41.22083°N 111.97972°W | Originally on display at Pioneer Park in Salt Lake City, Utah. | |
FEF-3 | 838 | December 1944 | 72785 | Union Pacific Railroad, Cheyenne, Wyoming | 41°7′46.9308″N104°48′49.1688″W / 41.129703000°N 104.813658000°W | Source of spare parts for 844. | |
FEF-3 | 844 | December 1944 | 72791 | Union Pacific Railroad, Cheyenne, Wyoming | 41°7′46.9308″N104°48′49.1688″W / 41.129703000°N 104.813658000°W | The only steam locomotive never retired by a North American Class I railroad. [8] |
The American Locomotive Company was an American manufacturer that operated from 1901 to 1969, initially specializing in the production of locomotives but later diversifying and fabricating at various times diesel generators, automobiles, steel, tanks, munitions, oil-production equipment, as well as heat exchangers for nuclear power plants.
The Union Pacific Big Boy is a type of simple articulated 4-8-8-4 steam locomotive manufactured by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) between 1941 and 1944 and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad in revenue service until 1962.
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-8-4 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and four trailing wheels on two axles. The type was first used by the Northern Pacific Railway, and initially named the Northern Pacific, but railfans and railroad employees have shortened the name since its introduction. It is most-commonly known as a Northern.
A streamliner is a vehicle incorporating streamlining in a shape providing reduced air resistance. The term is applied to high-speed railway trainsets of the 1930s to 1950s, and to their successor "bullet trains". Less commonly, the term is applied to fully faired upright and recumbent bicycles. As part of the Streamline Moderne trend, the term was applied to passenger cars, trucks, and other types of light-, medium-, or heavy-duty vehicles, but now vehicle streamlining is so prevalent that it is not an outstanding characteristic. In land speed racing, it is a term applied to the long, slender, custom built, high-speed vehicles with enclosed wheels.
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-10-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere the 2-10-2 is known as the Santa Fe type, after the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway that first used the type in 1903.
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere, this wheel arrangement is commonly known as a Consolidation, after the Lehigh and Mahanoy Railroad’s Consolidation, the name of the first 2-8-0.
The Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) N1s was a class of 2-10-2 "Santa Fe" steam locomotives built for the Pennsylvania's Lines West. 60 engines were built between December 1918 and November 1919, and worked heavy mineral freight to and from ports on the Great Lakes until their retirement in the late 1940s. All examples were scrapped by 1950.
In the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 2-8-8-0 is a locomotive with a two-wheel leading truck, two sets of eight driving wheels, and no trailing truck.
The GE U50 was an eight-axle, 5,000 hp (3,700 kW) diesel-electric locomotive built by GE Rail. They were twin-engined locomotives, combining two 2,500 hp (1,900 kW) diesel engines.
In the Whyte notation for classifying steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 4-6-6-4 is a railroad steam locomotive that has four leading wheels followed by two sets of six coupled driving wheels and four trailing wheels. 4-6-6-4's are commonly known as Challengers.
The Union Pacific Railroad 9000 Class was a class of 88 steam locomotives, built by ALCO for the Union Pacific between 1926 and 1930.
Union Pacific 844 is a class "FEF-3" 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotive owned and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad for its heritage fleet. Built in December 1944 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Schenectady, New York, No. 844 is one of four surviving FEF series locomotives and the only one in operation.
Union Pacific 3985 is a four-cylinder simple articulated 4-6-6-4 "Challenger"-type steam locomotive built in July 1943 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Schenectady, New York, for the Union Pacific Railroad. No. 3985 is one of only two Challengers still in existence and the only one to have operated in excursion service.
The Union Pacific Challengers are a type of simple articulated 4-6-6-4 steam locomotive built by American Locomotive Company (ALCO) from 1936 to 1944 and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad until the late 1950s.
The New York Central Railroad's Niagara was a class of 27 4-8-4 steam locomotives built by the American Locomotive Company for the New York Central Railroad. Like many railroads that adopted different names for their 4-8-4s rather than “Northerns”, the New York Central named them “Niagaras”, after the Niagara River and Falls. It is considered as one of the most efficient 4-8-4 locomotives ever built.
The Union Pacific GTELs were a series of gas turbine-electric locomotives built by Alco-GE and General Electric between 1952-1961 and operated by Union Pacific from 1952 to 1970.
Union Pacific 4014 is a steam locomotive owned and operated by the Union Pacific (UP) as part of its heritage fleet. It is a four-cylinder simple articulated 4-8-8-4 "Big Boy" type built in 1941 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) at its Schenectady Locomotive Works. It was assigned to haul heavy freight trains in the Wasatch mountain range. The locomotive was retired from revenue service in 1959 and was donated to the Railway & Locomotive Historical Society; thereafter, it was displayed in Fairplex at the RailGiants Train Museum in Pomona, California.
The Delaware and Hudson K-62 Class was a class of fifteen 4-8-4 steam locomotives built by the American Locomotive Company's Schenectady Works in 1943. They were intended as dual-service locomotives, hauling both freight and passenger trains until dieselization in 1953.
Union Pacific 5511 is a 2-10-2 “Santa Fe” type steam locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1923 as part of the Union Pacific Railroad's TTT-6 class. It is the last remaining member of its class and the only remaining 2-10-2 to be operated by the Union Pacific.