VMA-223

Marine Attacks Squadron 223
VMA-223 insignia
Active	1 May 1942 –present
Country	United States
Branch	United States Marine Corps
Type	Attack squadron
Role	Close air support, air interdiction
Part of	Marine Aircraft Group 14 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing
Garrison/HQ	Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point
Nickname(s)	"Bulldogs"
Tail Code	WP
Engagements	World War II Battle of Guadalcanal Vietnam War Operation Sharp Edge Gulf War Iraq War Operation Iraqi Freedom Invasion of Iraq Operation Vigilant Resolve Global War on Terrorism Operation Enduring Freedom Invasion of Afghanistan
Commanders
Current commander	Lt. Colonel Nathaniel D. Smith
Notable commanders	Robert P. Keller John Lucian Smith
Aircraft flown
Attack	Douglas A-4 Skyhawk McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B Harrier II
Fighter	Brewster F2A Buffalo Grumman F4F Wildcat Vought F4U Corsair Grumman F9F Panther North American FJ-4B Fury

Marine Attack Squadron 223 (VMA-223) is a United States Marine Corps fixed wing attack squadron that consists of McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B Harrier II (V/STOL) jets. The squadron is based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW). The squadron uses "Stone" as its radio callsign.

Mission

Marine Attack Squadron (VMA)-223 is one of four AV-8B Harrier squadrons assigned to Marine Aircraft Group 14, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing. Its mission is to provide offensive air support, armed reconnaissance, and air-defense for Marine expeditionary forces.

History

World War II

VMF-223 logo during World War II

Marine Fighter Squadron 223 (VMF-223) was commissioned on 1 May 1942 at Marine Corps Air Station Ewa, Oahu, Hawaii. ^[1] The "Bulldogs" first operational aircraft was the Brewster F2A Buffalo. They left Hawaii for combat equipped with the Grumman F4F Wildcat. VMF-223 became the first fighter squadron committed to combat during the Battle of Guadalcanal when they landed at Henderson Field on 20 August 1942. ^[2] Upon arriving, the squadron became part of the Cactus Air Force and for the next two months slugged it out with Japanese pilots, based out of Rabaul, for control of the skies over Guadalcanal. VMF-223 departed the island on 13 October 1942 having accounted for 83 enemy aircraft shot down including that of Japanese ace Junichi Sasai. ^[3] The two leading aces in the squadron were the commanding officer, Major John L. Smith, with nineteen confirmed shoot downs and Marion E. Carl who was credited with sixteen. ^[4] Smith was to be awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism and Captain Carl would earn the first of his two Navy Crosses for these actions. ^[3] These victories would come at the cost of six pilots killed and six wounded, and only eight Wildcats still operational. ^[5]

VMF-223 Grumman F9F-2 Panther on USS Franklin D. Roosevelt

After being equipped with the new Vought F4U Corsair, the "Bulldogs" continued to fight in such places as the Philippines and Okinawa. Two Presidential Unit Citations were awarded and affixed to the squadron's battle colors during the war. Following transfer from Marine Corps Air Station El Toro to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point in 1948, VMA-223 became a carrier squadron. The squadron deployed to the Mediterranean Sea in 1949 aboard USS Leyte.

The "Bulldogs" entered the Jet Age in July 1950, receiving their first jet aircraft, the Grumman F9F Panther. In August 1957, the squadron was equipped with the North American FJ-4B Fury. A relatively short time later in January 1961, the Fury was replaced by the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk.^{[ citation needed ]}

Vietnam War

VMA-223 Douglas A-4E Skyhawk during the Vietnam War

In December 1965, the "Bulldogs" once again were called upon for combat duty in the Far East, this time at Chu Lai, South Vietnam. Supporting allied ground forces, they flew more than 32,000 flight hours. In May 1967, the squadron flew a record 1,234 combat sorties, by far the greatest monthly total for any attack squadron operating in Vietnam. In February 1970, after nearly 5½ years in the Far East, the "Bulldogs" were reassigned to the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing and returned to MCAS El Toro.^{[ citation needed ]}

Post Vietnam & 1990s

In May 1975, the squadron received the new A-4M Skyhawk aircraft. During July 1976, VMA-223 transferred from MCAS Yuma to MCAS Iwakuni, Japan. During August 1977, VMA-223 returned from Japan and joined the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing, stationed at Cherry Point, North Carolina. During the late 1970s until transition in 1987 VMA-223 flew the A-4M Skyhawk. VMA-223 operated the last production A-4M aircraft painted in a special commemorative paint scheme with the flags of all nations who had operated the A-4 Skyhawk on the sides of the fuselage of the aircraft. In October 1987, VMA-223 transitioned to the McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II.^{[ citation needed ]}

Last built A-4 Skyhawk in flight in February 1979

VMA-223 Harriers carry the distinctive 'rising sun' rudder pattern as an homage to the squadron's history in World War II. In 1989 the a portion of the squadron deployed aboard USS Nassau attached to HMM-264 for a 6-month deployment. They visited Italy, Spain, Portugal, Monaco, France, Israel and other countries.^{[ citation needed ]}

A VMA-223 Harrier taxis at Al Asad Iraq in January 2006

March 1990 marked the second Sixth Fleet Deployment for the "Bulldogs" aboard USS Saipan in support of the 22 MEU. This detachment participated in Operation Sharp Edge, flying armed combat air patrol missions in support of the non-combatant evacuation operations (NEO) over Liberia. In January 1991, the "Bulldogs" deployed a six-plane detachment to Naval Station Rota, Spain for operations in support of Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. The Bulldogs briefly occupied the decks of the USS Nassau and the Iwo Jima. The detachment remained at Rota through February, training with Spanish Forces.^{[ citation needed ]}

Global War on Terror

VMA-223 flew combat missions over Afghanistan in the beginning phases of Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001–2002. In January 2003, the squadron deployed on board USS Kearsarge as part of the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade (2nd MEB). After arriving in the Northern Persian Gulf it cross-decked to USS Bataan and began flying combat missions in support of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. During this time, the squadron surpassed 50,000 mishap-free flight hours.

VMA-223 deployed to Iraq late in the summer of 2005 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. During a combat mission over Iraq on 10 February 2006 the squadron surpassed the 60,000 Class A mishap-free hours mark. ^[6] This milestone is even more impressive considering the maintenance and safety issues associated with the AV-8B aircraft. ^[7] Starting in October 2011, to April 2012 VMA-223 was deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.

Future plans and current aircraft flown

VMA-223 still operates the AV-8B Harrier II, with plans to retire it in 2027 and replace it with the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. ^[8]

Squadron aces

VMF-223 pilots in 1944. Marion Carl is seated in the center.

In USN and USMC aviation squadrons, a flying ace or fighter ace is a naval aviator or naval flight officer credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The following Marines from VMA-223 have been credited with more than five victories:

John Lucian Smith – 19.0 Marion Eugene Carl – 18.5 Kenneth D. Frazier – 12.5 Loren D. Everton – 12.0 Eugene A. Trowbridge – 12.0 Fred E. Gutt – 8.0

Frederick R. Payne – 7.5 Zenneth A. Pond – 6.0 Charles Kendrick – 5.0 Hyde Phillips – 5.0 Orvin H. Ramlo – 5.0 [9]

In the media

• Two Harriers from VMA-223 and their pilots were used in the 1994 film True Lies .
• Two AV-8B Harriers from VMA-223 were utilized in the flyover of the NASCAR race in Bristol, Tennessee on 21 August 2010. ^[10]

See also

• United States Marine Corps Aviation
• List of active United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons
• List of inactive United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons

Citations

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps .

1. Sherrod 1952, pp. 442.
2. Toll 2015, pp. 70.
3. Jones 1978, pp. 5.
4. De Chant, John A. (1947). Devilbirds. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers.
5. Carl 1994, pp. 38.
6. Teslevich, Cpl Jonathan K. (17 February 2006). "Bulldogs put a muzzle on safety hazards, surpass 60,000 mishap-free hours". Marine News. United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 17 June 2006.^{[ dead link ‍]}
7. Miller, Alan C.; Kevin Sack (December 2002). "The Widow-Maker". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 25 November 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2006.
8. Staff, Blog Before Flight. "US Marine Corps Harriers arrive in Norway for Cold Response 22 exercise". Blog Before Flight - Aerospace and Defense News. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
9. List of WW2 Marine Aces, www.acepilots.com, 21 December 2007
10. "Drew C. Wilson/Freedom ENC". Archived from the original on 10 March 2012.

References

Bibliography

• Carl, Marion (1994). Pushing the Envelope: The Career of Fighter Ace and Test Pilot Marion Carl. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1-59114-866-9.
• Jones, Brett A. (1978). A History of Marine Attack Squadron 223. Washington D.C.: History and Museums Division, Headquarters Marine Corps.
• Sherrod, Robert (1952). History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II . Washington, D.C.: Combat Forces Press. ISBN   0-89201-048-7. OCLC   1261876.
• Toll, Ian W. (2015). The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942–1944 . New York: W. W. Norton.

External links

• Official website
• Detailed WWII History