Victims of Immigration Crime Engagement

Last updated

Victims of Immigration Crime Engagement Office
VOICE logo.png
Agency overview
FormedFebruary 25, 2017 (2017-02-25)
DissolvedJune 11, 2021 (2021-06-11)
Parent department Department of Homeland Security
Parent agency Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Key document
Website www.ice.gov/voice

The Victims of Immigration Crime Engagement (VOICE) Office was a U.S. government agency established within the Department of Homeland Security under the Trump administration in February 2017. [1] [2] President Donald Trump directed it be established by Executive Order 13768. [3] The office was dissolved by the Biden administration on June 11, 2021, replaced by the Victims Engagement and Services Line (VESL). [4]

Contents

The office's mission was to "provide proactive, timely, adequate, and professional services to victims of crimes committed by removable aliens". [5] The office's purpose was to act as a liaison between U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the victims and their families to ensure they would be provided information about the offender, including the offender's immigration and custody status so that their questions and concerns regarding immigration enforcement efforts would be addressed. [2]

The VOICE office was to issue quarterly reports studying the effects of the victimization by criminal aliens present in the United States. [2] [6] Only one report, in June 2018, was issued through the agency's existence. [7]

Establishment

The office was established pursuant to section 13 of the January 25, 2017, Executive Order 13768 – Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States, which states:

Sec. 13. Office for Victims of Crimes Committed by Removable Aliens. The Secretary shall direct the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to take all appropriate and lawful action to establish within U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement an office to provide proactive, timely, adequate, and professional services to victims of crimes committed by removable aliens and the family members of such victims. This office shall provide quarterly reports studying the effects of the victimization by criminal aliens present in the United States. [8]

Purpose and background

The stated purpose of the office is to provide information about offenders to victims, and address questions and concerns of victims regarding immigration enforcement efforts. [2] [9] In a speech on February 28, 2017, President Trump discussed the new office and referred to the murders of Jamiel Shaw, Deputy Sheriff Danny Oliver and Detective Michael Davis as victims of immigrant crime. [10] He asserted that victims of immigrant crime have been "ignored by our media, and silenced by special interests". [9]

Reactions

Support

Maria Espinoza, director of the Remembrance Project, an anti-illegal immigration organization, said that such an office was needed "because the perpetrators are illegally in the U.S. If they are here illegally they should be removed from the country". [11] Mark Krikorian, director of the Center for Immigration Studies said "highlighting some victims of criminal aliens doesn't suggest that all immigrants are criminals. Shame on those advocacy groups that are trying to minimize the experience of these families." [9]

Hans von Spakovsky of The Heritage Foundation said, "that every crime that is committed by someone who is here illegally is a crime that would not occur if they weren't in the country." [12] John Fonte, a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute, said that "the office would serve several good purposes that are directly related to immigration policy, politics, and civic morality." [13]

Criticism

Critics said that the office overlapped and duplicated the mission of the existing Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) within the Department of Justice (DOJ), which was established in the 1980s and serves the victims of all types of crime. [11] The executive director of the National Center for Victims of Crime said of the plan: "It's complete and utter duplication and there's no need. I'm not sure what this office would do or what services it would offer different than what is available at DOJ." [11] Criminologist James Alan Fox, the Lipman Professor of Criminology, Law and Public Policy at Northeastern University, criticized the creation of VOICE, saying that it duplicated the mission of OVC. [14]

An editorial in the Baltimore Sun said that Trump's claim of victims being ignored and silenced was false, noting that crimes by immigrants generally received disproportionate attention in the media. It referred to Trump's statement as "race-baiting". [15]

Tessa Stuart of Rolling Stone said, "The memo doesn't mention it, but presumably the [VOICE] office would distribute the weekly list of criminal actions committed by undocumented immigrants that Trump promised in a recent executive order." [16]

New York City mayor Bill de Blasio and writer Peter Beinart have said that Trump's establishment of the office is a form of scapegoating. [17] [18] Daniel Benjamin, a former U.S. State Department counter-terrorism official now at Dartmouth College, wrote that the office was not intended to meet a real need, but rather was aimed at promoting the view that immigrants are dangerous. [19]

The Washington Post fact-checked Trump's claims regarding immigration and crime and found that "the vast majority of illegal immigrants do not fit Trump's description of aggravated felons", citing studies by the Congressional Research Service. [20] [21] [22] [a] Kevin Drum noted that even the anti-illegal immigration Center for Immigration Studies said that there was "no clear evidence that immigrants commit crimes at higher or lower rates than others." [23] [b] Anti-immigration organizations dispute the relevance of this, as they consider immigrant crime per se a sign of ineffective vetting and enforcement policies. [9] [12]

Amanda Erickson wrote in The Washington Post that publishing regular reports on the illicit behavior of undocumented immigrants – as well as singling out a particular group – "was employed to great effect by Adolf Hitler and his allies. In the 1930s, the Nazis used a similar tactic to stir up anger and hatred toward Jews". [25] Historian Richard Weikart, who has written about the Third Reich said that drawing a direct parallel between Trump and Hitler was "misguided", adding that "this issue doesn't really rise to that level". [25] Erickson said that "a regular government report is a far cry from the Nazis' aggressive, constant drumbeat against the Jews", but added that "The point is not that VOICE equals the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. But when leaders use the levers of government to drum up fear of one group of people, we should all be worried." [25]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Congressional Research Service found that of the approximately 10.8 to 11.5 million unauthorized resident aliens in the U.S. in 2011, the number of incarcerated criminal aliens was 173,000. Applying national rates of non-incarcerated criminals (i.e., those on parole and probation) they estimated that the total number of criminal aliens nationally to be 519,000. Note that, according to the report, unauthorized entry alone is normally a civil offense, and does not contribute to classification as a criminal alien. [21] : 2, 3–4 
  2. ↑ The Center for Immigration Studies piece continues, "Even though immigrant incarceration rates are high in some populations, there is no clear evidence that immigrants commit crimes at higher or lower rates than others. Nevertheless, it also would be a mistake to conclude that immigrant crime is insignificant or that offenders' immigration status is irrelevant in local policing. The newer information available as a result of better screening of the incarcerated population suggests that, in many parts of the country, immigrants are responsible for a significant share of crime. This indicates that there are legitimate public safety reasons for local law enforcement agencies to determine the immigration status of offenders and to work with federal immigration authorities." [24]

Related Research Articles

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is a federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE's stated mission is to protect the United States from cross-border crime and undocumented immigration that threaten national security and public safety.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986</span> Major Attempt to alter US Immigration System

The Immigration Reform and Control Act was passed by the 99th United States Congress and signed into law by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on November 6, 1986.

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Illegal immigration, or unauthorized immigration, occurs when foreign nationals, known as aliens, violate US immigration laws by entering the United States unlawfully, or by lawfully entering but then remaining after the expiration of their visas, parole or temporary protected status.

Illegal immigration is the migration of people into a country in violation of that country's immigration laws, or the continuous residence in a country without the legal right to do so. Illegal immigration tends to be financially upward, from poorer to richer countries. Illegal residence in another country creates the risk of detention, deportation, and other imposed sanctions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sanctuary city</span> City that does not cooperate with enforcement of federal immigration law

A sanctuary city is a municipality that limits or denies its cooperation with the national government in enforcing immigration law.

The Security Through Regularized Immigration and a Vibrant Economy Act of 2007 or STRIVE Act of 2007 is proposed United States legislation designed to address the problem of illegal immigration, introduced into the United States House of Representatives. Its supporters claim it would toughen border security, increase enforcement of and criminal penalties for illegal immigration, and establish an employment verification system to identify illegal aliens working in the United States. It would also establish new programs for both illegal aliens and new immigrant workers to achieve legal citizenship. Critics allege that the bill would turn law enforcement agencies into social welfare agencies as it would not allow CBP to detain illegal immigrants that are eligible for Z-visas and would grant amnesty to millions of illegal aliens with very few restrictions.

Crime has been committed by immigrants, and people have sought to study the relationship between immigration and crime. This has controversially long been a subject of debate, and recently systematic empirical evidence on this issue has been brought to light that has encouraged political discourse on the matter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration detention in the United States</span>

The United States government holds tens of thousands of immigrants in detention under the control of Customs and Border Protection and the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

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There are thought to be over half a million undocumented immigrants residing in New York City. They come from many parts of the world, especially Latin America, Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Caribbean. About 70% of them have paid work, in catering, construction, retail, driving, cleaning, and many other trades; at least in catering, their wages tend to be lower than those of comparable workers.

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The issue of crimes committed by illegal immigrants to the United States is a topic that is often asserted by more conservative politicians and media outlets when discussing immigration policy in the United States.

Federal policy oversees and regulates immigration to the United States and citizenship of the United States. The United States Congress has authority over immigration policy in the United States, and it delegates enforcement to the Department of Homeland Security. Historically, the United States went through a period of loose immigration policy in the early-19th century followed by a period of strict immigration policy in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. Policy areas related to the immigration process include visa policy, asylum policy, and naturalization policy. Policy areas related to illegal immigration include deferral policy and removal policy.

References

  1. ↑ "DHS Orders Creation of VOICE Office to Help Victims of Criminal Aliens". Fox News. February 21, 2017. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Enforcement of the Immigration Laws to Serve the National Interest" (PDF). Department of Homeland Security. February 20, 2017. p. 4. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  3. ↑ Griffin, Andrew (March 1, 2017). "Donald Trump creates Voice agency to publish list of crimes by immigrants". The Independent . Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  4. ↑ "Biden administration dismantles Trump-era office for victims of immigrant crime". CBS News . Associated Press. June 12, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  5. ↑ Bump, Philip (June 28, 2017). "The director of ICE just declined to support a central argument of Trump's candidacy" (Analysis). Washington Post .
  6. ↑ Kopan, Tal (March 1, 2017). "What is VOICE? Trump highlights crimes by undocumented immigrants". CNN. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  7. ↑ "Victims of Immigration Crime Engagement Quarterly Report" (PDF). United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement. June 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  8. ↑ "Executive Order: Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States". The White House. Office of the Press Secretary. January 25, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Rhodan, Maya. "Trump Wants to Highlight Immigrant Crime. Democrats Aren't the Only Ones Booing". Time Magazine. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  10. ↑ "Transcript of President Trump's February 28, 2017 Speech". February 28, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  11. 1 2 3 Suzanne Gamboa, Advocates: Trump’s Immigrant Crime Office Is Political Bait, NBC News (March 1, 2017).
  12. 1 2 Tal Kopan. "What is VOICE? Trump highlights crimes by undocumented immigrants". CNN. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Trump's VOICE against Sanctuary Cities". National Review. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
  14. ↑ James Alan Fox, "Five flaws in Trump's crime agenda:" James Alan Fox, USA Today (March 1, 2017).
  15. ↑ "Giving 'voice' to race-baiting". The Baltimore Sun . March 1, 2017. Archived from the original (Opinion) on April 15, 2019. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
  16. ↑ "Why Trump's Immigration Policy Is a Legal Mess". March 2, 2017. Archived from the original (Opinion) on November 22, 2017. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  17. ↑ Azi Paybarah. "De Blasio: Trump 'scapegoating' on immigration could backfire" (Opinion). Politico.
  18. ↑ "Trump Scapegoats Unauthorized Immigrants for Crime" (Opinion). The Atlantic. March 3, 2017.
  19. ↑ Benjamin, Daniel (March 2, 2017). "Donald Trump Changed His Tone But Not His Message: Be Afraid" (Opinion). Time. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  20. ↑ Lee, Michelle (March 1, 2017). "Fact check: Trump claim on murders by unauthorized immigrants". Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 2, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  21. 1 2 "Interior Immigration Enforcement: Programs Targeting Criminal Aliens" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. December 20, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  22. ↑ Doleac, Jennifer (February 14, 2017). "Are Immigrants More Likely to Commit Crimes?". Econofact. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  23. ↑ Drum, Kevin. "No, immigrants are not on a crime spree against native-born Americans". Mother Jones. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  24. ↑ Vaughan, Jessica; Camarota, Steven (November 18, 2009). "Immigration and Crime: Assessing a Conflicted Issue". Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  25. 1 2 3 Erickson, Amanda (March 2, 2017). "Adolf Hitler also published a list of crimes committed by groups he didn't like". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 5, 2017. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
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