WQED (TV)

Last updated

WQED
Channels
BrandingWQED
Programming
Affiliations
Ownership
Owner WQED Multimedia
Radio: WQED-FM
History
First air date
April 1, 1954(70 years ago) (1954-04-01)
Former channel number(s)
  • Analog: 13 (VHF, 1954–2009)
  • Digital: 38 (UHF, 1999–2009), 13 (VHF, 2009–2019)
NET (1954–1970)
Call sign meaning
 Quod erat demonstrandum ("What has been shown")
Technical information [1]
Licensing authority
 FCC
Facility ID 41315
ERP 10 kW
HAAT 218.3 m (716 ft)
Transmitter coordinates 40°26′46.2″N79°57′50.2″W / 40.446167°N 79.963944°W / 40.446167; -79.963944 (WQED)
Links
Public license information
Website www.wqed.org

WQED (channel 13) is a PBS member television station in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Owned by WQED Multimedia, it is sister to public radio station WQED-FM (89.3). The two outlets share studios on Fifth Avenue near the Carnegie Mellon University campus and transmitter facilities near the campus of the University of Pittsburgh, both in the city's Oakland section.

Contents

Established on April 1, 1954, WQED was the first community-sponsored television station in the U.S. and the country's fifth public television station. [2] It was the first station to telecast classes to elementary school classrooms when Pittsburgh launched its Metropolitan School Service in 1955. The station has been the flagship for the shows Mister Rogers' Neighborhood , Once Upon A Classic , Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (a co-production with Boston's WGBH-TV; filmed in New York City), and Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood (whose live-action scenes are filmed in Pittsburgh).

History

WQED headquarters, next to Central Catholic High School in Pittsburgh WQEDHeadquartersPittsburgh.jpg
WQED headquarters, next to Central Catholic High School in Pittsburgh

A public television station was the brainchild of Pittsburgh mayor David L. Lawrence, who wanted 12 percent of U.S. TV stations licensed for non-commercial educational use. Despite the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) putting an indefinite freeze on new TV station licenses (due to the number of applications on file), the commission granted Lawrence a license if he could raise money to equip and operate the station. Lawrence, a friend of President Harry S. Truman, recruited Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company attorney Leland Hazard to help get the station off the ground.

Sculpture outside WQED headquarters WQEDSculpture.jpg
Sculpture outside WQED headquarters

Its greatest obstacle was Pittsburgh-based Westinghouse Electric Corporation, owners of radio station KDKA. Westinghouse wanted a TV station in the city to compete with the DuMont-owned-and-operated WDTV (which had a de facto monopoly in the nation's sixth-largest television market), and was impatient with the freeze on new licenses. Although the corporation launched WBZ-TV in Boston in 1948 and purchased Philadelphia's WPTZ-TV (now KYW-TV) in 1952, it was unable to secure a TV-station license in its home market. When the freeze was lifted in 1952, the FCC granted station licenses to smaller cities (such as Steubenville and Youngstown, Ohio; Wheeling and Clarksburg, West Virginia, and Johnstown, Altoona and Erie, Pennsylvania) before granting more licenses in Pittsburgh. All those cities shared the VHF band with Pittsburgh, and only Youngstown would end up as a UHF island.

WQED title card WQED-TV.jpg
WQED title card

Westinghouse presented a compromise to the FCC, offering to share its proposed KDKA-TV with WQED on channel 13. Hazard found this unacceptable, and asked Westinghouse CEO Gwilym Price if he should give up his quest for public television. Price said that Hazard should keep fighting, promising Westinghouse support for WQED. Westinghouse donated the tower it had purchased for the channel 13 license, enabling WQED to begin operations on April 1, 1954. The station's call letters are from the Latin phrase quod erat demonstrandum ("what was demonstrated"), commonly used in mathematics. [3] [4]

Westinghouse soon had its Pittsburgh TV station. Knowing that DuMont needed WDTV's cash flow to get its programming cleared in larger markets and a short-term cash infusion after DuMont investor Paramount Pictures vetoed a merger between DuMont and ABC, Westinghouse offered DuMont $10 million for WDTV in January 1955. It changed the station's call sign to KDKA-TV, making it a sister station of KDKA radio. DuMont, unable to obtain clearance in larger markets, was out of business by the end of 1956. Although KDKA-TV is now owned by Westinghouse successor Paramount Global, the station retains a close relationship with WQED. [5]

WQED briefly shared channel 13 with WENS-TV in 1955, after a storm damaged the WENS-TV tower in Reserve Township, until the WENS-TV tower was repaired. WQED acquired the station and renamed it WQEX in 1959, using the construction permit it had acquired for channel 22 to launch WQEX on channel 16. The Commercial Radio Institute acquired the WENS-TV permit for channel 22, launching WPTT (now WPNT) in 1978.

The station was briefly affiliated with the NTA Film Network during the late 1950s, sharing the affiliation with KDKA-TV, WTAE-TV, and WIIC-TV (now WPXI). From sign-on until its replacement by PBS in 1970, WQED was a National Educational Television member station.

During its heyday in the 1970s and 1980s, WQED supplied programming to PBS. For 15 years, WQED produced the National Geographic specials for the National Geographic Society. The programs won several Emmy and other awards, including Peabody Awards.

Actor Michael Keaton, who worked behind the scenes on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood , went on to international fame. During its heyday, WQED supported a post-production office and editing facility in Los Angeles. Known as QED/West, the satellite edited much of WQED's national programming.

During the early 1990s, WQED faltered, as did many other PBS stations across the country, as the rapidly-changing media landscape shifted. The downturn was exacerbated by a scandal in which top executives were discovered to have been augmenting their income without informing the board of directors. The period was chronicled in Jerold Starr's 2000 book, Air Wars: The Fight to Reclaim Public Broadcasting.

Problems continued with a failed attempt to sell WQED's auxiliary station, WQEX, in 1999. In 2002, WQEX's non-commercial educational status was removed; the station moved to a shopping format, first with America's Store and later with ShopNBC; that in effect made WQEX a for-profit arm to generate revenue for channel 13. In November 2010, WQED agreed to sell WQEX to Ion Media Networks for $3 million. The sale was completed (after FCC approval) on May 2, 2011, when the station's call sign changed from WQEX to WINP-TV. [6] [7] WQED received $9.9 million in a 2017 spectrum auction, and would use the proceeds to pay down debt the station has carried since the 1990s. [8]

The Fred Rogers Studio, where Fred Rogers recorded his iconic television series Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, is featured in the film A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood with Tom Hanks playing Rogers. The cast and crew shot at the WQED headquarters throughout October 2018. [9]

Original programming

Local

National

Technical information

Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of WQED [19]
Channel Res. Aspect Short nameProgramming
13.1 1080i 16:9 WQEDHDMain WQED programming / PBS
13.2 480i WQED-D1 Create
13.3WQED-D2 World [20]
13.4WQED-D3Showcase
13.5WQED-D4 PBS Kids

On January 5, 2009, WQED launched Create on 13.2, replacing the standard-definition simulcast of WQED's main channel. [21]

Analog-to-digital conversion

WQED shut down its analog signal on VHF channel 13 on June 12, 2009, when full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts by federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 38 to VHF channel 13. [22] WQED was the only full-power station in the Pittsburgh market to move its digital signal back to its analog-era channel. Former sister station WINP-TV took over WQED's former digital channel 38, broadcasting on virtual channel 16.1.

On June 27, 2019, at 8 a.m. during the FCC repack, WQED relocated from channel 13 to channel 4. [23]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Facility Technical Data for WQED". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.
  2. ↑ Santoni, Matthew (September 30, 2014). "Public station WQED cutting staff in face of financial woes". TribLIVE.com. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 "Moving Forward to the Future". Archived from the original on May 28, 2004. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  4. ↑ "WQED at 50 - Page 73". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Newspapers.com. March 28, 2004. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  5. ↑ "Creating 'QED ... at DuMont's expense?". pbrtv.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
  6. ↑ "CDBS Print".
  7. ↑ Staff, FCC Internet Services. "Call Sign History".
  8. ↑ Sefton, Dru (February 10, 2017). "Spectrum auction nets nearly $35M for two Pennsylvania stations". Current. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  9. ↑ Sciullo, Maria (July 6, 2018). "Tom Hanks-as-Fred Rogers film, 'You Are My Friend,' begins shooting in Pittsburgh this fall". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  10. ↑ "QED Cooks - PBS Food". www.pbs.org. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  11. ↑ "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search".
  12. ↑ "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search".
  13. ↑ "Lakeland Ledger - Google News Archive Search".
  14. ↑ "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search".
  15. ↑ "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search".
  16. ↑ "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search".
  17. ↑ "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search".
  18. ↑ "Clinton Campaign Town Meeting in Pennsylvania".
  19. ↑ "RabbitEars.Info".
  20. ↑ Hazimanolis, George (December 2, 2014). "NEW DIGITAL TELEVISION CHANNEL TO DEBUT ON WQED JANUARY 1" (Press release). WQED Multimedia.
  21. ↑ Owen, Rob (January 2, 2009). "Tuned In: WQED puts daytime focus on children's programming". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette .
  22. ↑ "DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 29, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
  23. ↑ Sciullo, Maria (May 21, 2019). "WQED viewers who watch free, over-the-air content must re-scan after station moves to new frequency". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
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